Black Holes don't exist?

For the past 50 years, black holes have been all the rage. Now, a
University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never existed.

Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates heat and
light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years before
a star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its fuel is
exhausted. “Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
rather than energized, and might collapse further to form black holes
at the center of galaxies,” says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a professor of
nuclear chemistry at UMR. “In this scenario, the end game is the end
of light as we know it.”

Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an astronomical
renaissance, so to speak.

In a new paper (http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051), Manuel and his
co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at the
center of galaxies. “The neutron stars break up and form smaller
stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems,” Manuel says.

Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, “On the Cosmic Nuclear
Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars.” In the abstract, the
authors state, “This cycle involves neither the production of matter
in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
holes.”

Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that black holes
populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption just
doesn’t make sense to him.

“You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy and
light,” Manuel insists. “If black holes exist at the center of
galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
away from the center.”

According to Manuel, all of the “fragmentation” created by neutron
stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of galaxies can
be explained by “neutron repulsion.”

“Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and south
ends of magnets,” Manuel explains. “Neutrons repel neutrons, protons
repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion is the
force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was discovered
by five graduate students working with me to decipher the nuclear mass
data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000.”

Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their findings
in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.

Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a small
neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars. Those
conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis in
Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.

“The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are produced by
neutron repulsion in their cores,” Manuel says.

Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once belonged to
a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current solar system.
He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting dolls that
give birth to smaller stars.

“The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of smaller
stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,” Manuel
says.

In their paper “On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of
Nuclei and Stars,” Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of
the sun and other ordinary stars.

“Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high energy events
like quasars, which are associated with high-density regions of
space,” Manuel says. “These were previously attributed to black
holes.”

Source: University of Missouri-Rolla




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