chapt 11, layered age in an Atom Totality #272 Atom Totality

Chapter 11: layered age of Cosmos with 6.5 billion years new Cosmos
yet old
galaxies of the Uranium Atom Totality 20.2 billion years old; the
data
including discussion over the layered ages of the Solar System


Layered age of Cosmos with 6.5 billion years old Cosmos yet old
galaxies of the Uranium Atom Totality 20.2 billion years old; the
data including discussion over the layered ages of the Solar System
where Earth and Sun are likely to be twice as old as Jupiter.

--- quoting what I wrote on Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2007 20:50:58 -0700
---

It used to be in the late 1990s that the best supporting evidence for
the Atom Totality theory was not the Tifft quantized galaxy speeds nor
the blackbody Cosmic microwave background radiation nor the missing
mass, but the age of the Cosmos and the age of the oldest stars.

I am recounting the history of the 1990s as best my memory can recall.
The Freedman team was working on the age of the overall Cosmos and the
Sandage team profiled the age of the oldest stars. And when the
Freedman team announced publically worldwide their findings if I
remember correctly they said the Cosmos was 8 billion years old. While
years prior, Sandage had kept getting older and older ages for stars
and was approaching 20 billion years.

So right away, since the world was deeply in love with the Big Bang
theory, that the pressure was on for Freedman to scale up or fudge up
her 8 billion years and for Sandage to fudge down his 20 billion
years.
If you thought corporate corruption of cooking the books or fudging
the
data in corporate America in the late 1990s with Enron and WorldCom
were outrageous, well in my estimation what Freedman and Sandage did
for ages of Cosmos and stars, in my opinion was on the same level of
reason gone berserk.

In the Big Bang theory, of course, if Freedman says the Cosmos is 8
billion years old and Sandage says the oldest star is 20 billion years
old before the fudging, of course that makes no sense. But in the Atom
Totality theory,
you see, the Universe is layers of age, like a onion is layers of age
growth. So that the Sandage 20 billion year old (correct me if wrong
but memory was some Cepheid variables or was it supernova?) stars
could
have been the older layer of the Uranium Atom Totality and where
Freedman was getting an age of the overall Cosmos as 8 billion years
old because she was measuring the newer layer of the Universe-- the
Plutonium Atom Totality layer.

So in an Atom Totality the universe is layered ages and thus the
Freedman and Sandage reports favor the Atom Totality. And here we have
a case of where scientists are disobeying the profession of science
itself. That the data is true and correct and the theory has to be
adjusted or discarded of the Big Bang. And that the moment scientists
fudge their data to converge in the middle with one age, well, they
stopped being scientists.

--- end quoting ---

There was a lot of pressure for Freedman to increase the age of
the Cosmos and alot of pressure on Sandage to decrease the age
of the oldest stars, but that is not how science works. We fit
the theory to the facts and data, not fit the facts and data to
a preconceived theory.

In an Atom Totality, the matter is layered and layered ages like
the tree rings of a tree or the onion layers of an onion as it grows
bigger. So what Freedman found in a 8 billion year Cosmos is the
Plutonium Atom layer and what Sandage found in the oldest stars
of 20 billion years is of the previous Uranium Atom Totality layer.


Archimedes Plutonium
http://www.iw.net/~a_plutonium/
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies

Chapter 11 Layered age of Cosmos
Subject: How we can have a 6 billion year old Cosmos yet stars that
are 20 billion years old #63 ;3rd edition book: ATOM TOTALITY (Atom
Universe) THEORY


SCIENCE NEWS, Vol. 146, Oct 8, 1994 pages 232-234
titled SEARCHING FOR
COSMOLOGY'S HOLY GRAIL: HUBBLE TELESCOPE JOINS A
CONSTANT BATTLE

--- start quoting of SN in part ---

The Hubble constant represents a measure of the
rate at which the
universe is expanding -- how rapidly each object in
the universe speeds away
from any other object. Armed with this knowledge,
scientists can estimate
the age of the cosmos -- how long since the Big Bang
it has taken galaxies
to reach their current locations.
.. . .
Many researchers are hoping that the recent arrival
of another Hubble -- the
Hubble Space Telescope -- may resolve the controversy.
Last December, the
telescope got a new pair of eyeglasses and a new
camera with built-in optics to
correct for Hubble's notoriously flawed primary
mirror. The corrective optics
enable the telescope to produce sharp images of
individual bright stars in
galaxies 10 times farther from Earth than had been
possible before.
.. . .
Compared with other standard candles, such as
supernovas, Cepheids are
relatively dim. Thus, astronomers had only observed
them in galaxies no more than
about 25 million light-years from Earth. But
scientists now report that they have
seen Cepheids in the Virgo cluster of galaxies--
roughly twice as far from Earth.
Wendy L. Freedman of the Carnegie Observatories in
Pasadena, Calif., and her
colleagues, including John P. Huchra of Harvard,
recently announced that they had
used the repaired Hubble Space Telescope to identify
and study several dozen
Cepheids in a spiral member of the Virgo cluster
called M100. The report is one
of the first post repair studies to measure the Hubble
constant. Over the next
3 years, the team will use Hubble to search for
Cepheids in other members of the
Virgo cluster as well as in certain spiral galaxies
used as distance indicators.
Freedman and her coworkers didn't divulge any
numbers for the Hubble constant
when they presented their work at an August meeting of
the International
Astronomical Union in the Hague, Netherlands. Instead,
they'll report their
conclusions in the Oct. 27 NATURE.
.. . .
Alan R. Sandage of the Carnegie Observatories, . .
..
.. . . Sandage and his colleagues. . . calibrate two la
supernovas in the galaxy
NGC 5253 . . . that the universe is about 20 billion
years old.
That would make many theorists happy, because such
an age doesn't conflict
with the estimated age of globular clusters -- dense
groupings of stars in the
Milky Way and other galaxies that appear to be about
16 billion years old.
--- end quoting of SN in part ---


Archimedes Plutonium
http://www.iw.net/~a_plutonium/
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies

Chapter 11: layered age in an Atom Totality

Subject: Further evidence of a youthful universe,
SCIENCE NEWS, 9Sep95
Date: 30 Dec 1995 23:18:31 GMT

SCIENCE NEWS, Vol. 148, Sept 9, 1995 page 166 titled
FURTHER EVIDENCE OF A
YOUTHFUL UNIVERSE

--- start of quoting SN in part ---

The conundrum continues. Yet another set of
observations
indicates that the universe-- as described by a
popular
cosmological model-- appears to be younger than its
oldest
stars. The new study puts the age of the cosmos at 8.4

billion to 10.6 billion years, younger than the 13
billion
to 16 billion years estimated for elderly stars.
Like the findings that made headlines a year ago,
the
new work relied on the Hubble Space Telescope to
obtain
the distance to a faraway cluster of galaxies.
Combining
that distance with the speed at which this cluster
recedes from Earth, researchers determined the Hubble
constant, which measures the expansion rate and age of
the
cosmos (SN: 10/8/94,p.232).
A team led by Nial R. Tanvir of the University of
Cambridge in England used a two-step method to
estimate
the constant. First, they observed a type of
"standard candle"--stars known as Cepheid variables--
to find the distance to the spiral galaxy M96 in the
Leo
cluster of galaxies. Even at 37 million light years,
M96
lies too close to the Milky Way for its velocity to
reflect
cosmic expansion unadulterated by the gravitational
tug
of other galaxies. But the team used the Leo distance
as a
stepping-stone to the more remote Coma cluster.
To obtain the Coma distance, the researchers relied
on
a unique property of elliptical galaxies, they report
in the
Sept. 7 NATURE. Astronomers have long known that the
bigger
an elliptical galaxy, the greater its spread of
stellar
velocities. But the exact relationship between the two
remained uncertain. Previous observations had hinted
that
the spiral galaxy M96 lies near the center of the Leo
cluster,
where the ellipticals gather. This coincidence enabled
the
team to use the distance to M96 to calibrate for the
first
time the relationship between the size of elliptical
galaxies and their velocity spreads.
Applying this calibration to the elliptical
galaxies in
the Coma cluster, the team found a distance of about
345
million light years and a Hubble constant between 61
and
77 kilometers per second per megaparsec (1 parsec is
3.26
light years). In models in which the universe has just

enough matter to keep from expanding forever, this
corresponds to an age of about 9.5 billion years.
The discrepancy between this age and the age of old

stars suggests that astronomers have come to a
crossroads. . . .
--- end of quoting SN in part ---
[lines deleted]

Only in an Atom Totality can you have
a younger universe within its older stars.

--- quoting SN in part ---
.. . .
Some astronomers who question Sandage's results say
that la supernovas may come in more than one wattage
and thus cannot function as a single
standard candle.

.. . .
For example, he notes, a high value for the
constant
would seem to make the age of the universe half that
of the oldest stars in it, . . .

--- end quoting of SN in part ---

The theoretical solution for the younger universe
than its oldest stars is the realization that the
universe is an atom itself. The space of an atom is
the electron space. Our observable universe is the
masses and spaces of the 5f6 electrons
of 231PU. Electrons share orbitals. Thus the oldest
stars are mass bits of the six 5f6 electrons and the
Hubble
constant expansion is the Uranium Atom Totality
expanding into our present Plutonium Atom Totality.

I quoted liberally the above as to give a flavor of the history
involved, and a history as reported in science news
magazines.

The history of science has been rather unkind to scientists
who seem to not take the data at face value and who try
to change their "numbers data". So that Freedman trying
to increase 8 billion years old and Sandage trying to
decrease 20 billion years old.

Of course, both Freedman and Sandage are trying to
accomodote the Big Bang Theory, but the numbers
do not fit the Big Bang. The numbers fit a layered
Cosmos of older layers with stars 20 billion years
old as remnants of the Uranium Atom Totality layer
and the newer layer of the Plutonium Atom Totality.

I am convinced as the next decades unfold that the
layered Universe is true to the Atom Totality theory.

Archimedes Plutonium
http://www.iw.net/~a_plutonium/
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies