Dark Matter as Bose Einstein condensate

Hi,
I would like to discuss a hypothesis
that the spectroscopically undetectable dark matter
is actually Big Bang nucleosynthetic adiabatically produced
(extremely cold) Bose Einstein Condensate(BEC) hydrogen helium

Fact:
The observed amount of hydrogen in the universe is observed
spectroscopically through the 21 cm line assuming a Beers law.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer%E2%80%93Lambert_law

Beers law assumption:
"Assume that particles may be described
as having an area, alpha,
perpendicular to the path of light through a solution (or space media),
such that a photon of light is absorbed if it strikes the particle,
and is transmitted if it does not."

"Expressing the number of photons absorbed
by the (concentration c in) slab (in direction z) as dIz,
and the total number of photons incident on the slab as Iz,
the fraction of photons absorbed by the slab is given by:"

dIz/Iz = -alpha c dz

In other words, the fraction of photons absorbed when passing through an
observed slab is equal to the total opaque area of the particles in the
slab.

In other words, larger particles with the same aggregate volume
concentration in a supporting medium
will not attenuate as many incident photons.

Issue one:
If the Big Bang nucleosynthetic hydrogen
were in the form of adiabatically produced very cold chunks,
their aggregate total opaque area
would be much smaller than a diffuse hydrogen gas
resulting in many orders of magnitude lower Beers law
photon attenuation rates.
Mean free paths are of multi galactic length dimensions.
(These BEC's would not be spectroscopically detected
with present tools)

Issue two:
Given these primeval (through adiabatic Big Bang expansion)
hydrogen BEC's large chunks,
say 10's of kilometers in diameter,
The parallel to antiparallel hydrogen (proton electron spin)
configuration resulting in 21 cm line
would occur randomly in the BEC chunk hydrogens
at the known 2.9E-15 /sec rate.
Transmittance accordance with Beer's law would indicate that
the 22 cm radiation from the BEC center would be attenuated
more than that from the BEC near surface
resulting in a lower than reality hydrogen spatial density reading
obtained by a distant observer.

Issue three:
The BEC chunks should be stable relative to higher temperature of a
intergalactic media (ionized gas). There is the question whether
Intergalactic Medium (IGM) composed of ‘hot’ atoms would ‘melt’ any BECs
that were adiabatically produced at the initial Big Bang. In order to
address this question, assume the IGM is totally ionized at the given
universe critical density of ~1 proton mass per meter^3. (It is very
clear that this ionized IGM was not there in the beginning but ejected
into space from stars etc.) Now take a 1 meter^3 hydrogen BEC. It would
have 100^3*(avogadros number) hydrogen atoms in it.
If there were no relative motion between the BEC and the hot atoms, the
BEC would not degrade. If there was relative motion between the BEC and
the hot atoms, the BEC could travel 100^3*(avogadros number) meters or
6.023E29 meters through space before 'melting'. The length 6.023E29
meters is larger than the size of the visual universe (2.25E26 meter).
There could have been multi kilometer sized hydrogen BEC's at the
adiabatic expansion still remaining at the present time and at nearly
that size. Also, as a BEC, it would not have a vapor pressure. It would
not sublime. The hydrogen BECs perhaps are still with us.

Issue four:
Over time, the BEC would absorb the CMBR microwave background
and heat up, but how much?

Black Body Background radiation at 2.732 K emits at power density of
0.00316 erg/cm^2/sec (stefan's constant*2.7324)
with wavelength at black body max at 0.106 cm (1.60531E+11 hz)

The 1S-2S characteristic BEC hydrogen transition
is at 243 nm (1.23E+15 hz)
This 1S-2S transition would have to be initiated before subsequent
Rydberg transitions.

This 243 nm (1.23E+15 hz) absorption is way out on the CMBR tale
and absorbing in a band width of ~1E6 hz.
Ref: Killian 1S-2S Spectrum of a Hydrogen Bose-Einstein Condensate
Physical Review A 61, 33611 (2000)

Calculations indicate the einsteins absorbed
at this characteristic hydrogen BEC frequency at 243 nm
(band width of ~1e6 hz)
from CMBR would not substantially affect hydrogen BEC chunks over
universe life 13.7 billion years.

Issue five:
Even though, spectroscopically undetectable
these BECs would be at the same abundance (relative concentration)
as predicted by nucleosynthetic models and would be considered baryonic
matter.
How flexible are nucleosynthetic models as to baryonic mass generation
(keeping the abundance (relative concentration to say observed helium)
the same?
The presently spectroscopically undetectable BECs would in principle
not be spectroscopically detectable all the way back to 13.7 billion
year beginning and not observable in the WMAP data.

Issue six:
These BECs could be the source media for star formation
(~5 percent of universe density)
by gravitational collapse
and as such,
their residual
(~25 percent of universe density)
presence would be gravitationally detected
by observed galactic rotation features
and gravitational lensing characteristics

Comments please

Richard D. Saam

In article , "Richard D. Saam"
writes:

Hi,
I would like to discuss a hypothesis
that the spectroscopically undetectable dark matter
is actually Big Bang nucleosynthetic adiabatically produced
(extremely cold) Bose Einstein Condensate(BEC) hydrogen helium

If it's baryonic, and it was produced via big-bang nucleosynthesis, then
we know that there can't be enough of it to make up all the dark matter.

In article ,
Richard D. Saam wrote:
Issue four:
Over time, the BEC would absorb the CMBR microwave background
and heat up, but how much?

Black Body Background radiation at 2.732 K emits at power density of

The temperature of the background radiation has not always been 2.73
K. In particular, in the early universe, it was hot enough to ionize
hydrogen ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_(cosmology) ).

Martin
--
Martin Hardcastle
School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, UK
Please replace the xxx.xxx.xxx in the header with herts.ac.uk to mail me

On 7/23/10 2:46 AM, Martin Hardcastle wrote:
In ,
Richard D. wrote:
Issue four:
Over time, the BEC would absorb the CMBR microwave background
and heat up, but how much?

Black Body Background radiation at 2.732 K emits at power density of

The temperature of the background radiation has not always been 2.73
K. In particular, in the early universe, it was hot enough to ionize
hydrogen ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_(cosmology) ).

Martin
--
Martin Hardcastle
School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, UK
Please replace the xxx.xxx.xxx in the header with herts.ac.uk to mail me
Your reference to Saha equation indicates an equilibrium among reactants
in a single phase prior to recombination

hydrogen + photon proton + electron

There may have been a non equilibrium condition between this phase
and with another nucleosynthetic adiabatically produced
solid cold BEC hydrogen phase
prior to and continuing on through the recombination event
and not spectroscopically observed by WMAP.
(such multiphase non equilibrium reactions are important,
particularly in CO2 distribution in air phase
and associated H2CO3, HCO3-, CO3= in water phase)

CMBR Temperatu 3.00E+03 K
Radiated power area density: 4.593E+09 erg/cm^2/sec
Radiated power: 4.593E+09 erg/sec
radiation mass density 6.819E-22 g/cm^3
pressure=1/3 energy/volume 2.043E-01 dyne/cm^2
photon number density 5.477E+11 photon/cm^3
photon energy density 6.401E-01 erg/cm^3
Most probable energy at freq(fmax): 1.764E+14 /sec

hydrogen BEC 1S-2S transition
absorbed energy 1.301E-12
absorbed freq 1.234E+15 /sec
absorbed wavelength 2.430E-05 cm
Ref: Killian 1S-2S Spectrum of a Hydrogen Bose-Einstein Condensate
Physical Review A 61, 33611 (2000)

Calculations indicate the einsteins absorbed by BEC
at the characteristic hydrogen BEC frequency 1.234E+15 /sec
(way out on the CMBR 3000 K tail)
(extremely narrow absorption band width of ~1e6 hz)
would not substantially degrade extremely cold hydrogen BEC chunks
at universe Big Bang age of 380,000 years.
(This is an estimate realizing that CMBR temperature changes with time)

The 3000 K CMBR at 380,000 years is hot
but has a very low heat capacity.
It would be like touching a red hot space shuttle tile with your finger
and not getting burned.

How would these cold hydrogen BECs coming through the recombination
event be observed in Baryon_acoustic_oscillations
(which does have a measurable BEC? dark matter component)?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon_...c_oscillations

Can 'first three minute' nucleosynthesis dynamics 'precipitate out'
these cold hydrogen BECs?

Richard D. Saam

On 7/23/10 2:46 AM, Martin Hardcastle wrote:
In ,
Richard D. wrote:
Issue four:
Over time, the BEC would absorb the CMBR microwave background
and heat up, but how much?

Black Body Background radiation at 2.732 K emits at power density of

The temperature of the background radiation has not always been 2.73
K. In particular, in the early universe, it was hot enough to ionize
hydrogen ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_(cosmology) ).

Martin
--
Martin Hardcastle
School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, UK
Please replace the xxx.xxx.xxx in the header with herts.ac.uk to mail me

Revisiting this recombination concept
in the context of the Saha equation
there appears to be an assumption oversight.

The following equation is used to establish the photon number density n

n = .243*(kb*T/(hb*c))^3

This has Black Body derivation in that is also:

n = (4/c)*(stefan*T^4)/(h*max_frequency)
=(energy/volume)/(h*max_frequency)

where max_frequency is one frequency
characterizing the entire Black Body Spectrum.
This max_frequency is indicative of the Total Black Body Energy/Volume.

Total Black Body Energy/volume is much larger than
specific Black Body Energy/volume
at a particular Black Body frequency available
for a particular quantum mechanical reaction.

In other words
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_(cosmology)
provides No account for particular quantum mechanical absorption
frequencies and associated band widths
providing moles of photons(einsteins)
for reaction execution:

hydrogen + photon proton + electron

In this context the following quote does not mean much:

'The reason for the difference is due to the fact that photons greatly
outnumber baryons'

photons of what frequency?

How should the recombination event be adjusted?

Richard D. Saam