Kepler's New Astronomy

Two-thousand and nine (2009) was the 400th anniversary of the
publication of Johannes Kepler’s book New Astronomy (Astronomia Nova)
announcing the discovery of the elliptical orbit of Mars to the world.
The discovery of the elliptical orbit of Mars and the mathematical
rule of motion for Mars on its elliptical orbit by Johannes Kepler in
1605 is one of the most important advances in astronomy, physics, and
science. This discovery transformed the unproven heliocentric theory
of Copernicus into a rigorous predictive theory that outperformed the
traditional geocentric theory of Claudius Ptolemy and his successors.
The discovery paved the way for Newton’s theory of gravitation. It
remains one of a small number of cases where a simple mathematical
rule for seemingly complex and confusing data has been found. In many
respects, the discovery of the elliptical orbit of Mars and other
planets is more important than the better known work of Kepler’s
contemporary Galileo. In honor of Kepler, NASA has named its recent
mission to look for extra-solar planets, especially possible other
Earths that might support life or even intelligence, the Kepler
mission.

In Kepler’s time the reigning Ptolemaic theory could predict the
position of Mars to within a few degrees, usually less than a one
percent error. How important is such a small error? Space missions
routinely depend on modern orbital dynamics, a lineal descendant of
Kepler’s work, to make far more accurate calculations to succeed. The
Mars Climate Orbiter mission in 1999 failed due to a tiny error. After
traveling about 300 million miles, the Mars Climate Orbiter came in
about 90 miles, a tiny fraction of 300 million miles, too low, burning
up in the Martian atmosphere rather than aerobreaking successfully
into orbit. Successful space missions, the Global Positioning System
(GPS), and other modern applications depend on precision mathematical
models similar to and sometimes directly descended from Kepler’s model
of the orbit of Mars.

Kepler’s story is very different from the story of Galileo and it
offers different lessons for today. Diverse fields ranging from
astronomy and space physics to artificial intelligence are confronted
with similarly complex and confusing data. A mathematical solution to
an outstanding problem comparable to Kepler’s discovery could reveal
long suspected connections between gravity and other forces, perhaps
enabling new power or propulsion systems, enable computers to
recognize objects and spoken words, or solve other problems. This
article will discuss the discovery of the elliptical orbit of Mars in
the context of Kepler’s time. It will also draw some lessons from
Kepler and compare and contrast Kepler’s process of discovery to
modern astronomy, physics, space science and engineering, including a
detailed discussion of dark matter and dark energy.

http://math-blog.com/2009/12/17/keplers-new-astronomy/

On Jan 30, 11:19*pm, John wrote:

This discovery transformed the unproven heliocentric theory
of Copernicus into a rigorous predictive theory that outperformed the
traditional geocentric theory of Claudius Ptolemy and his successors.
The discovery paved the way for Newton’s theory of gravitation. It
remains one of a small number of cases where a simple mathematical
rule for seemingly complex and confusing data has been found.

How long some people can get away with this empirical propaganda is
anyone's guess but far from confusing and complex ,the insight of
Kepler in respect to orbital geometry can now be understood by almost
any adult with an interest in the astronomy of planetary dynamics and
how the solution was arrived at using apparent retrogrades and the
background stars as a gauge for the variation in orbital speeds of
planets.

It takes little effort to match Kepler's observation of Mars as seen
from an orbitally moving Earth with modern time lapse footage of the
Earth overtaking Jupiter and Saturn once the viewer comprehends the
basic insight behind the Earth's orbital dynamic first proposed by
Copernicus -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ke...retrograde.jpg

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap011220.html

Like all astronomers since antiquity who followed the apparent
stoppings and retrogradations of planets,the periods and the degree of
retrogradations are never alike as reflected in Kepler's
representation,Ptolemy came up with the equant as a
solution,Copernicus with the epicycle whereas Kepler came up with the
variable orbital speed and non circular orbital geometry for this
refinement to the insight of Copernicus.

The elaborate scheme of Newton to use the Ra/Dec framework as a common
denominator between observation and prediction/modelling eschews the
original interpretation for orbital dynamics which uses orbital
comparisons -

"PHÆNOMENON IV.
That the fixed stars being at rest, the periodic times of the five
primary planets, and (whether of the sun about the earth, or) of the
earth about the sun, are in the sesquiplicate proportion of their mean
distances from the sun." Newton

What you call "complex and confusing data" is actually distorted and
crude interpretation of the great astronomical works,in an era where
it is even possible to see planetary orbital geometries in action by
way of the Fomalhaut system,people are stuck in a celestial sphere Ra/
Dec framework which originated with Flamsteed and was built on by
Newton.

There are now multiple ways to extract variable orbital speeds from
direct observation,such as the fortuitous daily rotational and orbital
characteristics of Uranus or by inference such as the difference
between natural noon and 24 hour noon as expressed by constant daily
rotation ,all these can be worked on and explained by the orbital
characteristics of our planet and any other planet.

It is time for a new astronomy which 21st century imaging allows but
that takes astronomers to realize that endeavor and not followers of
Ra/Dec geometry

What you call "complex and confusing data" is actually distorted and
crude interpretation of the great astronomical works,in an era where
it is even possible to see planetary orbital geometries in action by
way of the Fomalhaut system,people are stuck in a celestial sphere Ra/
Dec framework *which originated with Flamsteed and was built on by
Newton.

Youre a pompous ass. a real jackass if not a butthole spraying out
to dirty a porcelain toilet. The man is wiser than you because he
recognizes
that simple things are complex and confusing to others. WTF is wrong
with seeing that;
it means he humbles his mind and you don't. Any teacher can see that
math and
algebra and geometry and astronomy can be confusing to some of the
students,
YES many of the students. And you act like just anyone can see it. You
are so
arrogant for what you think you know while you ignore what little you
know by
acknowledging things you don't know. Come down off your horse.
I understood what he meant and he is right. Who are you to take
away the
opinion that circular orbits force a confusion if the real objects are
not circular but elliptical.
It is such a disgrace that you people do nothing but shred each other
with names and
the atitude that others are stupid. You slam him for saying how the
math is confusing
to lesser individuals and so in essence you claim those people are not
stupid nor confused
but rather he is stupid and confused for not thinking like you that it
is all so simple for
everyone else who is even less educated than he is. Your post has
nothing to do with
astronomic knowledge, it is clearly posted only to make this guy look
stupid for
what he NEVER said the way you wish to claim he meant it.
Hey JOHN with the real name..... just print it out and roll it up so
pseudo-oriel can
stick it where the sun dont shine.
****ed off at the likes of him.
They killed Jesus too.

the likes of you shouldn't be quoting wikipedia.

Wikipedia says nothing about Sirius being 1460 years of a 365-day
calendar from July 20 of 139 AD to 1599 AD (a very simple fact) and
yet like you too stupid to see or know astronomy they claim this 139
AD goes back 1460 years to 1322 BC which it doesnt, it is 1452 years
back to 1314 BC July 18. And in only 716 years is back to 2030 BC July
17 instead of 720 or 740 years to 2034 /2054 BC. Nay they insist it is
still July 20 and will claim 2062 BC and 2782 BC. Primitive crap
totally false, and so you quote them huh?

This is why Daniel says your days are cut short and you are put to
death as insufficient, incompetent, lacking when it comes to astral
truth writing on the wall. That hour is here and you and those like
you are the Belshazzar so many of you once claimed didnt exist because
you hate the bible. THERE IS MORE ASTRONOMY IN THE ANCIENT BIBLE than
in the 26 absences of Venus during the 21 years of Amizaduga
(1646-1625 BC; Adam's 2379-2400 AM).