![]() |
|
|
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
#1
|
|||
|
|||
![]()
If the general public knew what our government agencies of DARPA,
NASA, DoE and their Big Energy puppet masters have been hiding and otherwise doing to us and our frail environment, wed likely terminate the whole lot as though they were nothing but another Muslim sleeper cell hiding WMD. As of 4 decades ago, the Selene L1 (Earth-moon L1) platform of observation and other science instruments could have been accomplished for 10% the cost of one Apollo mission, and as such it could have been telling us the whole body of naked truths about Earth, instead of our being limited by the published mainstream obfuscated infomercial alternative thats telling us only what parts of our public funded science they see fit to share. Not so unexpected, they have needed something to refocus or divert public attention away from the ugly truths, and the AGW fiasco as having fingered freons and then CO2 as being the primary culprit has certainly been their best ticket to ride. In spite of the local and cosmic influx of 15 kg/sec, seems Earth is losing a great deal of mass, mostly by way of losing its helium and hydrogen. Directly related to where some of that hydrogen and helium comes from, and far away from the supposed mainstream promoted and their heavily hyped truth, whereas it seems theres nothing all that clean or environmentally friendly about our extracting and using coal, not to mention the surface and aquifer loads of mostly fresh water consumptions and subsequent contamination of the surrounding terrain and ground water thats downright mind boggling. Earths atmosphere sustains an average 5.2 ppm of helium (5.2e-6 parts per volume or 0.00052%) that continually migrates towards space along with hydrogen leading the way, plus certain freons and perhaps even pulling some of our methane tag along for the ride, thats all helping to expand those O3 ozone holes along the way. In other words, on any given second, minute or hour theres 26.5e8 m3 of helium made available from the interior and surface of Earth, as otherwise our atmosphere simply wouldnt sustain those background readings of 5.2 ppm, and at 1 bar this saturation is worth a global volumetric 472e3 tonnes of helium per vertical cubic meter of added volume, thats continually made available on any given minute, hour or day after day. Our global 2009 wellhead natural gas extraction = 3.5e12 m3, He9% (avg 0.51.5%) of this natural gas volume is always contributing the element of helium. Using 1% as the helium content average = 3.5e10 * . 178 = 6.23e9 kg or 6.23 million tonnes of He/year. Basically, other than our trusty DoE, theres no one all-inclusive or specialized agency of oversight or global accounting on behalf of released hydrogen and helium from coal mining, so instead we have any number of mostly industry funded research reports to pick from, none of which agree with most any other report. Therefore, we get to use our loose cannon swag of deductive interpretation in order to obtain rough estimates. Being highly conservative, I have used 1% of the methane and 0.1% of the extracted coal volume as a rough basis for estimating the extent of helium released. However, as it turns out Ive only been off by a factor of 1020 fold at having underestimated the methane and subsequent helium per tonne or even per m3 of coal. Judging by the following US Coal reports on methane absorption and subsequent emissions, if used for further interpreting on behalf of the speculating global methane released from abandoned mines is likely in excess of contributing 1e10 m3/year in methane, and therefore at the very least were looking at 1e8 m3 of helium, or 0.178e8 kg = 17.8e3 tonnes He/year from abandoned sites, and that estimate could easily be conservative by a factor of 10. http://www.coalinfo.net.cn/coalbed/m...ning/CM030.pdf This next active coal mining operation of extracting 4e6 t/year is worth 3035 m3 of methane/tonne, plus directly venting 72 m3/minute of methane, or 37.8e6 m3/yr, and otherwise less than a third of the 3035 m3/tonne of extracted coal is captured. http://www.methanetomarkets.org/Data...osa_poster.pdf Total volume of ventilation from mine: 150 m3/sec = 9000 m3/minute Volume of pure methane in ventilation air: 72 m3/min Average methane concentration in ventilation air: 0.5% Fluctuation of methane concentration: 0.5% -0.8% Total volume of gas drained: 22.5 m3/minute Volume of pure methane drained: 18 m3/minute Average methane concentration in drained gas: 75% Fluctuation of methane concentration in drained gas: 50 75% Coal permeability: 30 4 milidarcy Coal in situ gas content: 10 m3/tonne Relative emissions: 30 m3/tonne of coal mined From the present coal production the emissions from the mines are 30-35 m3 of methane per tonne of coal mined. Only 30% of the average gas emitted is captured from underground mining operations of each mine. The remaining 70% is exhausted in the atmosphere as ventilation air methane (VAM). In other words, the vast bulk of their coal related methane (130e6 m3/ yr) plus whatever helium is simply vented. At an energy equivalent value of 10 kwh/m3, guess these energy producing folks never heard of waste not, want not, and perhaps it sounds like BHO needs to create a national methane piping grid with 99% helium removal, just as badly as we need to upgrade and expand our national electrical grid, because were clearly wasting more energy than we use. Richard Heinberg's MuseLetter: Coal in China http://globalpublicmedia.com/museletter_coal_in_china http://www.itc.nl/personal/coalfire/index.html When underground coal uncontrollably burns (thousands of such fires exist, and many of those were artificially caused and/or of spontaneous fires having been allowed to burn), besides all the toxic CO2 and multiple other sooty and gaseous pollutants released (Chinas underground fires alone providing 360 million tonnes/year of CO2), whereas the stored element of helium is never consumed, but instead the release of coal sequestered helium is greatly accelerated. With perhaps 250 million tonnes of global coal plus associated methane per year going up in smoke, so to speak, theres also a good million tonnes or more worth of helium getting released per year. This helium, like that released via natural gas, simply doesnt recombine or otherwise stick with the mass of Earth. Perhaps our not putting out those underground coal fires has been a bad idea, and simply not a viable future option. Frankly, Ive had no idea as to how dynamitic and extensive the natural flux plus that of our artificial release of helium was, and that so little of the bulk methane per tonne of excavated coal was captured. Im only now understanding how limited or rather systematically obfuscated our public knowledge is about the vast extent of this ongoing factor of released methane and subsequent helium via coal mining. Another important consideration, is that it takes 3 to 9 tonnes worth of coal per tonne of synfuel, so that option of solid to liquid fuel conversion isnt exactly a viable solution unless the ultimate goal is to toxic gas and mineral saturate our frail environment while quadrupling the release of coal sequestered helium in order to supplement our consumption of crude oil. Apparently 130e6 m3 of methane released per year from a given coal mining operation is not all that uncommon. Whereas 1% of this gaseous volume is likely helium, thus 1.3e6 m3 of helium is released per year from a typical coal mining operation. Gee, I wonder why BP, GE and ExxonMobil are not bragging about who has contributed the most helium. Is there a race with China to see who can release the most helium? If I were the kind of brown-nosed NASA or DARPA puppet and/or public funded minion of such a faith-based government, run by the likes of those Rothschilds and Big Energy, I sure as hell would not want to see any such Selene L1 platform of science instruments looking at Earth, and much less allowing general media access to any of such publicly funded research that would easily quantify how much of Earth is getting consumed by natural and artificial fire, and otherwise polluting the upper most atmosphere with helium and hydrogen thats going away at a fairly alarming rate. Wonder how those smart ETs on Venus manage to get by without their fair share of internal or open combustion? (just kidding, because theres all sorts of ways thats put anything we have to shame, and then some) ~ BG |
Thread Tools | |
Display Modes | |
|
|
![]() |
||||
Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
PLANET SELENE -- Imagenation, Last Walk on Selene... by the starswirler | Painius | Misc | 0 | November 18th 06 05:50 PM |
Planet Selene (The Moon) - #4. How does Selene "fit in"? | Painius | Misc | 7 | May 24th 06 06:11 PM |