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![]() Pentcho Valev wrote: The TimeLord wrote: Pentcho Valev wrote in "sci.physics.relativity": Androcles wrote: "Pentcho Valev" wrote in message ups.com... [...] The question: "Does the speed of light vary in a gravitational field in accordance with Einstein's 1911 equation c'=c(1+V/c^2) which, in the absence of a What's the reference for this formula? As far as I know Einstein never said this nonsense. He did say it and it is not nonsense. Einstein's 1911 equation c'=c(1+V/c^2) describing the variability of the speed of light is consistent with and explains the gravitational redshift factor: http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae13.cfm "So, IT IS ABSOLUTELY TRUE THAT THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS NOT CONSTANT in a gravitational field [which, by the equivalence principle, applies as well to accelerating (non-inertial) frames of reference]. If this were not so, there would be no bending of light by the gravitational field of stars....Indeed, this is exactly how Einstein did the calculation in: "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light," Annalen der Physik, 35, 1911. which predated the full formal development of general relativity by about four years. This paper is widely available in English. You can find a copy beginning on page 99 of the Dover book "The Principle of Relativity." You will find in section 3 of that paper, Einstein's derivation of the (variable) speed of light in a gravitational potential, eqn (3). The result is, c' = c0 ( 1 + V / c^2 ) where V is the gravitational potential relative to the point where the speed of light c0 is measured." http://www.blazelabs.com/f-g-gcont.asp "The first confirmation of a long range variation in the speed of light travelling in space came in 1964. Irwin Shapiro, it seems, was the first to make use of a previously forgotten facet of general relativity theory -- that the speed of light is reduced when it passes through a gravitational field....Faced with this evidence, Einstein stated:"In the second place our result shows that, according to the general theory of relativity, the law of the constancy of the velocity of light in vacuo, which constitutes one of the two fundamental assumptions in the special theory of relativity and to which we have already frequently referred, cannot claim any unlimited validity. A curvature of rays of light can only take place when the velocity of propagation of light varies with position."......Today we find that since the Special Theory of Relativity unfortunately became part of the so called mainstream science, it is considered a sacrilege to even suggest that the speed of light be anything other than a constant. This is somewhat surprising since even Einstein himself suggested in a paper "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light," Annalen der Physik, 35, 1911, that the speed of light might vary with the gravitational potential. Indeed, the variation of the speed of light in a vacuum or space is explicitly shown in Einstein's calculation for the angle at which light should bend upon the influence of gravity. One can find his calculation in his paper. The result is c'=c(1+V/c^2) where V is the gravitational potential relative to the point where the measurement is taken. 1+V/c^2 is also known as the GRAVITATIONAL REDSHIFT FACTOR." By the way, Master Tom Roberts (the Albert Einstein of our generation) does admit Einstein advanced c'=c(1+V/c^2) but says the equation is wrong or at least not generally valid (that is, the Albert Einstein of our generation disproves the original Einstein). If you had taken more notice of what your masters say, you would not have written: "As far as I know Einstein never said this nonsense". Now you must feel ashamed. Pentcho Valev |
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