Calculating propulsion burns

If you were in a space vessel and wanted to calculate the amount of
thrust and length of a burn, what equation(s) would you need to
consider to reach a destination like an asteroid (excluding the
gravity wells of celestial bodies nearby)?

I figure you would at least need the distance to target object, your
velocity, and the velocity and heading of the target. You may also
want to consider the duration of travel and fuel consumption. Am I
missing any other parameters?

If anyone knows a web resource dedicated to this subject, please share
as well.