Anatomy of a conceptual disaster

The original geocentric astronomers assumed the Earth was stationary and invested the other planets with a looping motion -

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap141028.html

In this scheme the Sun orbited between the 687 day period of Mars and the 225 day period of Venus. In a way those images don't tell the observer much about the motion of Mars and less about the motion of the Earth, this requires another image where the faster Earth overtakes the slower moving outer planets as they fall behind in view -

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/011...2000_tezel.gif

The trouble was that this type of imaging was unavailable to the original Sun centered astronomers so they plotted the motion of Mars and the other outer planets in the familiar looping motions each time the faster Earth overtook them -

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann...retrograde.jpg


"Copernicus, by attributing a single annual motion to the earth,
entirely rids the planets of these extremely intricate coils leading
the individual planets into their respective orbits ,quite bare and
very nearly circular. In the period of time shown in the diagram, Mars
traverses one and the same orbit as many times as the 'garlands' you
see looped towards the center,with one extra, making nine times, while
at the same time the Earth repeats its circle sixteen times " Kepler

Even to this days the empiricists think that Kepler's diagram is geocentric and therein lies a grave error and the cause of so much trouble. Newton created the false notion of true/apparent motions describing geocentric motions as relative space and motion while absolute space and motion represented a Sun centered perspective which was beyond the limitations of human observation hence his false comments on retrogrades and indeed how the motions of the Earth are discerned -

"For to the earth planetary motions appear sometimes direct, sometimes
stationary, nay, and sometimes retrograde. But from the sun they are
always seen direct,..." Newton

There can be no defence, retrogrades now are divided between inner and outer planetary perspectives so that even the original Sun centered astronomers did not make it this far. The problem now is human stature, as the drones still hankering back to the late 17th century ideologies have no interpretative capital and no interest in astronomy while the magnification guys are best left to their own devices, literally.