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![]() In May 2010 Archimedes Plutonium wrote: (snipped) --- from Wikipedia --- classical electron radius, also known as the Lorentz radius or the Thomson scattering length, is based on a classical (i.e., non- quantum) relativistic model of the electron. Its value is calculated as 2.8 x 10^-15 meters --- end --- So the diameter is x2 = 5.6 x 10^-15 meters 1 light year = 10^16 meters 400 million ly = 4 x 10^8 So I am looking at 4 x 10^24 meters The probability of a hurdle in running from a random lattice is 6/ (pi^2). That gives me reassurance that 400 million light years is too far of a distance if the Cosmic density of atoms is 1 atom per cubic meter. Let me see if I can talk my way into an answer here. Or at least a better way of arriving at an answer that is intuitive. Let me say that I was on a quasar that was 400 million light years away from Earth. And that the quasar shoots a beam of light towards Earth. Let me say I was riding on one of those light-waves towards Earth. And to get to Earth as my final destination. I need to miss every one of those Intergalactic atoms whose diameter is 5.6 x 10^-15 meters. So travelling in the IGM, intergalactic medium, I have to worry about each lattice cell that is a cubic meter because inside each of those lattice cells resides a electron diameter that could end my travel to the Earth. So that if the distance from this quasar to Earth is 400 million light years away, means that I encounter 4 x 10^24 of these lattice cells and that many chances of being blocked by the electron diameter inside each one of those cells. If I were a gambling man, this is not a trip I would bet success on. The distance involved of 4 x 10^24 meters, and the blocking involved of 5.6 x 10^-15 meters per every cubic meter is not in my favor. Now if the density of the IGM were in the Electron Magnetic Moment of 9.28 x 10^-24 J/T then I would have some chance of making it through, or better yet the Proton Magnetic Moment of 1.41 x 10^-26 J/T. But here in year 2013, I reckon the upper limit distance that light can travel as 400 million light years is not due to a theory of being blocked by traveling through space but rather is the incoherence of light itself after traveling such a far distance. If all light were laser light, it would travel further, but even so, laser light also has a upper limit with distance traveled and it is this concept that neither physicists nor astronomers have seriously looked into and determined the upper limit. But I think this topic requires that serious research due to the Ring found by Jarrett, because that ring requires an explanation and the explanation I have for it is that it is the upper limit and that is why we see a Ring. Now according to Jarrett's website: --- quoting --- http://spider.ipac.caltech.edu/staff...tt/papers/LSS/ The seventh layer (0.05 z 0.06) contains the backside of the Shapley Concentration, while the Sculpter supercluster dominates the southern hemisphere. The eighth and final layer (z 0.06) contains the most distant structures that 2MASS resolves, including the Pisces- Cetus (located behind P-P), Bootes (located behind Hercules), Horologium and Corona Borealis galaxy clusters. At these faint flux levels, the photometric redshifts are losing their ability to discern the cosmic web beyond 300 Mpc, smearing and degrading the resolution of the 3-D construct. --- end quoting --- He claims the photometric redshifts are too degraded beyond 300 Mpc which is about 1 billion light years distance. Yet many reported distances are far beyond 1 billion light years such as the two supernova reported at 4 billion light years or the quasars routinely reported beyond 1 billion light years. What I am argueing in this chapter is that the telescope itself, the finest available telescope cannot see beyond 400 million light years due to the Cosmic density of atoms of about 1 atom per cubic meter of space. But more important, that the laws of physics of light travel cannot keep light waves coherent enough after 400 million light years of travel and have all dissipated into scattered light so that we cannot see anything, even the brightest supernova after 400 million light years of travel. The light from a quasar at 1 billion light years away is never able to form a image since every one of its photons will be blocked as it travels through space after 400 million light years distance. (This upper limit distance goes for radio telescopes also.) But more important than blocking is the inherent behavior of light, that it cannot stay together at that distance of travel. Now probability theory is not what convinces most people that a idea is true. Some would hanker to say that the atom in each cubic meter lattice cell are all in one position which allows light to travel any distance without being interfered or blocked. But I would rejoinder with this arguement, that the Probability theory, called Orchard Visibility Problem and its related problems, make several predictions of note. One such prediction is that the Upper Limit of Viewing results in a RING structure. And we see this RING structure in Jarrett's third layer. Which to me would then mean that the mapping of the Cosmos by Jarrett is no further than the 400 million light year distance and that all the other layers beyond the third lie within those first three layers. The quasars and Great Walls are actually much closer to Earth than what Jarrett's mapping conveys. If you can see a image of a distant object in the telescope (radio or otherwise) then it means the object is 400 million or less light years away. Now, another prediction of a Orchard Visible Problem is that at the furthest reaches of the Orchard, in the case of astronomy and Jarrett's mapping, the objects look all identical in terms of size and proportion and what they are. So at the end of the Orchard, we see all the trees of the same small size and forming that RING boundary. Now do we see the same in Astronomy? Of course we do, for we see at the last layer almost nothing but quasars. Jarrett thinks they are highly energetic fastly moving away from Earth with their redshift. I think they are fastly moving towards Earth with a refraction redshift, and are normal galaxies much closer to Earth and are about 200 to 400 million light years away. They are the ring of orchard trees at the edge of visibility. By 2013, I believe the upper limit of 400 million light years is due more to the inherent behavior of light waves rather than the blocking affect by particles in space. I suppose a physicist should first ask the question of how much further a beam of light that is not laser can travel compared to a beam of light of equal intensity that is a laser light? So what is the answer? Can the laser light travel 2x as far as the nonlaser light and still be seen? So once we have an answer to the distance laser light can travel compared to nonlaser light, we can begin to seriously have a physics upper limit to how far light can travel in astronomy and still be "see-able" and I reckon this upper limit is 400 million light years. So long as the astronomy community hides behind their hideous and odious assumption that light emitted from a star, quasar, galaxy travels forever and to infinity without any upper limit, then astronomy is for kindergarten school scientists. -- More than 90 percent of AP's posts are missing in the Google newsgroups author search archive from May 2012 to May 2013. Drexel University's Math Forum has done a far better job and many of those missing Google posts can be seen he http://mathforum.org/kb/profile.jspa?userID=499986 Archimedes Plutonium http://www.iw.net/~a_plutonium whole entire Universe is just one big atom where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies |
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