Earths Magnetic Field

I have also supplied a graphic explanation of the `Variable speed Core
` model at the following url

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0

....to accompany the model outlined below...



Studies of the seismic record indicate that seismic waves travel
fastest along a north-south axis from the southern hemisphere to
Siberia (and more recently suggesting an easterly shift to over
Alaska) implying that over the the last century it appears that the
earths solid core is rotating in an easterly direction. The conclusion
made from this data is that the earths solid inner core can be said to
be rotating west to east at approximately 1 degree longtitude a year
faster than the mantle.(Song, Richards 2005) This implies then, that
relative to Earths solid inner core, the mantle and the outer part of
the liquid core can be said to be moving in a westerly direction. This
also implies that there must be speed gradient in the liquid core
across its radius (relative to the mantle), of approximately 0 degrees/
year near the mantle to 0.1 degreeslongtitude/year near the solid
core. Thus using Lenzs` law, one can predict that the larger volume of
the outer part of the liquid core will induce a residual westerly
electrical current in the inner part of the liquid core (ie the outer
liquid core moves in a westerly direction relative to the inner part
of the liquid core). Flemings Right Hand rule predicts this westerly
direction of the electrical current will in turn induce a magnetic
south pole near Earths geographic North Pole. Recent experiments
confirm this, in that a freely rotating liquid metal will generate a
self sustaining magnetic field without a neccesary seed magnetic field
to kickstart the dynamo effect as previously thought.(Generation of a
Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium.
R. Monchaux et al 2007).
As the seismic record shows that sound waves travel fastest across
earths N-S axis, this could also be consistent with the solid inner
core being slightly elongated in the earths N-S axis. (sound waves
travel fastest in a denser medium) Following from this, it can be
hypothesised that contrary to the speculation that the earths core is
a rigid crystal, one could alternatively give the `solid` inner core
non rigid, or elastic properties. Observations support this
possibility (Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06). "Earth
science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30. doi:10.1038/35092650.) If
so its shape could then be said to oscillate over large timescales
between that of elongated in the N-S axis to stretched along the
equatorial plane. Obviously this implies that the inner cores`
rotational speeds would vary between slower and faster than the
mantle, when the solid core goes from wider at the equator to
stretched at the poles respectively. The historical record of Earths
pole reversals and changing field strength can thus be well modeled by
this variable core speed model. In that if currently it is accepted
that the `solid core` is stretched is the north south axis and rotates
faster than the mantle then it follows that when the cores volume
changes shape to that of more stretched in the equatorial axis, It
must then be forced to slow its rotational speed and therefore rotate
slower than the mantle . Not faster as currently observed. (ie the
core then will rotate in a westerly direction relative to the mantle)
In turn this would reverse the relative motion between the inner and
outer parts of the liquid core (as described above)
and in turn reverse the induced equatorial direction of the induced
electrical current which would then reverse the direction of earths
induced magnetic field from N-S to S-N. THis is observed in the
historical seismic record.
The current weakening of Earths magnetic field must then be due to the
solid cores` rotational speed slowing relative to the mantle. In other
words if it is assumed that currently the core is observed to be
travelling faster than the mantle in an easterly direction at 0.1
longitude per year than that rate must have been faster in the past
and will be slower in the future. This can only be explained if it is
assumed that the `solid` core itself is becoming less stretched in the
N-S axis and tending towards becoming stretched in the equatorial
axis.
To explain the observed off axis magnetic North pole using this
`variable core speed model` one can again refer to the seismic record
which shows that the axis of anisotropy, corresponding to the fastest
direction for seismic waves, tilts about 10 degrees from the Earth's N-
S axis of rotation, towards Siberia. From this data one can interpret
that the inner core not only could be `stretched` in the N-S axis but
also be physically tilted 10 degrees off axis towards Siberia as it
rotates within the earths core. In effect while it is rotating faster
than the mantle, its axis of mass is also tilted off center by 10
degrees and stretched slightly in the N-S axis. This will in turn
effect the equatorial rotation of the liquid inner core which acts as
a boundary between the mantle and the solid inner core. Modeling the
liquid core flow is always speculative for any model, but it is not
unreasonable to assume that a 10 degree off axis solid core that
rotates around its N-S center of mass could create a flow in the inner
part of the liquid core that was also tilted in an equal but opposite
10 degrees `off axis` in the equatorial plane. Resulting in an equal
and opposite tilt in the induced magnetic North pole of 10 degrees
towards the Arctic, using Lenz and Fleming as described previously.
This predicted tilt in the magnetic pole towards the arctic is
consistent with observation. As is the prediction that the axis of the
solid core is tilted towards Siberia.
The final element is to explain the northerly drift of the magnetic
North pole. There is insufficient seismic data to confirm or refute
this prediction but the variable core speed model presented in this
paper predicts that this would be due to an equal northerly drift of
the solid inner cores rotational axis from more than 10 degrees off
axis as currently observed to one that will be tilted by 0 degrees, or
directly N-S. In other words if the solid core is said to be currently
rotating tilted by 10 degrees off axis and this induces a off axis
electrical current and off axis magnetic pole. Then a solid core that
is aligned to earths geographic N-S axis as it rotates will generate
no off axis electrical current and therefore no off axis magnetic
field. In other words the cores volume is stretched in the N-S axis
and tilted by 10 degrees but is changing shape as it rotates so that
its N-S stretch is tending towards 0 degrees. In fact it would be more
correct to say that its nvolume is changing from stretched 10 degrees
off axis to not stretched in either the N-S or equatorial axis. This
would be in line with a slowing down of the solid cores rotational
speed as seen in the observed weakening of the overal magnetic field.
(The variable speed core model predicts that when the core is
perfectly circular in volume it rotational speed relative to the
mantle will be the same as the mantle ,ie 0 degrees per year. And *no*
magnetic field will be generated)
The conclusion this `variable speed core` model makes is that all the
combined observations of earths core and magnetic field indicate that
the solid core is currently stretched in the N-s axis, tilted off
center by 10 degrees and rotating faster than the mantle in an
easterly direction by 0.1 degrees per year. But also observations
indicate that it must be slowing down, relative to the mantle, tilting
its axis more towards earths vertical N-S geographical axis, and most
likely becoming less stretched in the N-S axis.

Sean
see this url for an accompanying graphic explanation of the variable
speed core model...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
www.gammarayburst.com

"sean" wrote in message
...
|I have also supplied a graphic explanation of the `Variable speed Core
| ` model at the following url
|
| http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
|
| ...to accompany the model outlined below...
|
|
|
| Studies of the seismic record indicate that seismic waves travel
| fastest along a north-south axis from the southern hemisphere to
| Siberia (and more recently suggesting an easterly shift to over
| Alaska) implying that over the the last century it appears that the
| earths solid core is rotating in an easterly direction. The conclusion
| made from this data is that the earths solid inner core can be said to
| be rotating west to east at approximately 1 degree longtitude a year
| faster than the mantle.(Song, Richards 2005) This implies then, that
| relative to Earths solid inner core, the mantle and the outer part of
| the liquid core can be said to be moving in a westerly direction. This
| also implies that there must be speed gradient in the liquid core
| across its radius (relative to the mantle), of approximately 0 degrees/
| year near the mantle to 0.1 degreeslongtitude/year near the solid
| core. Thus using Lenzs` law, one can predict that the larger volume of
| the outer part of the liquid core will induce a residual westerly
| electrical current in the inner part of the liquid core (ie the outer
| liquid core moves in a westerly direction relative to the inner part
| of the liquid core). Flemings Right Hand rule predicts this westerly
| direction of the electrical current will in turn induce a magnetic
| south pole near Earths geographic North Pole. Recent experiments
| confirm this, in that a freely rotating liquid metal will generate a
| self sustaining magnetic field without a neccesary seed magnetic field
| to kickstart the dynamo effect as previously thought.(Generation of a
| Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium.
| R. Monchaux et al 2007).
| As the seismic record shows that sound waves travel fastest across
| earths N-S axis, this could also be consistent with the solid inner
| core being slightly elongated in the earths N-S axis. (sound waves
| travel fastest in a denser medium) Following from this, it can be
| hypothesised that contrary to the speculation that the earths core is
| a rigid crystal, one could alternatively give the `solid` inner core
| non rigid, or elastic properties. Observations support this
| possibility (Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06). "Earth
| science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30. doi:10.1038/35092650.) If
| so its shape could then be said to oscillate over large timescales
| between that of elongated in the N-S axis to stretched along the
| equatorial plane. Obviously this implies that the inner cores`
| rotational speeds would vary between slower and faster than the
| mantle, when the solid core goes from wider at the equator to
| stretched at the poles respectively. The historical record of Earths
| pole reversals and changing field strength can thus be well modeled by
| this variable core speed model. In that if currently it is accepted
| that the `solid core` is stretched is the north south axis and rotates
| faster than the mantle then it follows that when the cores volume
| changes shape to that of more stretched in the equatorial axis, It
| must then be forced to slow its rotational speed and therefore rotate
| slower than the mantle . Not faster as currently observed. (ie the
| core then will rotate in a westerly direction relative to the mantle)
| In turn this would reverse the relative motion between the inner and
| outer parts of the liquid core (as described above)
| and in turn reverse the induced equatorial direction of the induced
| electrical current which would then reverse the direction of earths
| induced magnetic field from N-S to S-N. THis is observed in the
| historical seismic record.
| The current weakening of Earths magnetic field must then be due to the
| solid cores` rotational speed slowing relative to the mantle. In other
| words if it is assumed that currently the core is observed to be
| travelling faster than the mantle in an easterly direction at 0.1
| longitude per year than that rate must have been faster in the past
| and will be slower in the future. This can only be explained if it is
| assumed that the `solid` core itself is becoming less stretched in the
| N-S axis and tending towards becoming stretched in the equatorial
| axis.
| To explain the observed off axis magnetic North pole using this
| `variable core speed model` one can again refer to the seismic record
| which shows that the axis of anisotropy, corresponding to the fastest
| direction for seismic waves, tilts about 10 degrees from the Earth's N-
| S axis of rotation, towards Siberia. From this data one can interpret
| that the inner core not only could be `stretched` in the N-S axis but
| also be physically tilted 10 degrees off axis towards Siberia as it
| rotates within the earths core. In effect while it is rotating faster
| than the mantle, its axis of mass is also tilted off center by 10
| degrees and stretched slightly in the N-S axis. This will in turn
| effect the equatorial rotation of the liquid inner core which acts as
| a boundary between the mantle and the solid inner core. Modeling the
| liquid core flow is always speculative for any model, but it is not
| unreasonable to assume that a 10 degree off axis solid core that
| rotates around its N-S center of mass could create a flow in the inner
| part of the liquid core that was also tilted in an equal but opposite
| 10 degrees `off axis` in the equatorial plane. Resulting in an equal
| and opposite tilt in the induced magnetic North pole of 10 degrees
| towards the Arctic, using Lenz and Fleming as described previously.
| This predicted tilt in the magnetic pole towards the arctic is
| consistent with observation. As is the prediction that the axis of the
| solid core is tilted towards Siberia.
| The final element is to explain the northerly drift of the magnetic
| North pole. There is insufficient seismic data to confirm or refute
| this prediction but the variable core speed model presented in this
| paper predicts that this would be due to an equal northerly drift of
| the solid inner cores rotational axis from more than 10 degrees off
| axis as currently observed to one that will be tilted by 0 degrees, or
| directly N-S. In other words if the solid core is said to be currently
| rotating tilted by 10 degrees off axis and this induces a off axis
| electrical current and off axis magnetic pole. Then a solid core that
| is aligned to earths geographic N-S axis as it rotates will generate
| no off axis electrical current and therefore no off axis magnetic
| field. In other words the cores volume is stretched in the N-S axis
| and tilted by 10 degrees but is changing shape as it rotates so that
| its N-S stretch is tending towards 0 degrees. In fact it would be more
| correct to say that its nvolume is changing from stretched 10 degrees
| off axis to not stretched in either the N-S or equatorial axis. This
| would be in line with a slowing down of the solid cores rotational
| speed as seen in the observed weakening of the overal magnetic field.
| (The variable speed core model predicts that when the core is
| perfectly circular in volume it rotational speed relative to the
| mantle will be the same as the mantle ,ie 0 degrees per year. And *no*
| magnetic field will be generated)
| The conclusion this `variable speed core` model makes is that all the
| combined observations of earths core and magnetic field indicate that
| the solid core is currently stretched in the N-s axis, tilted off
| center by 10 degrees and rotating faster than the mantle in an
| easterly direction by 0.1 degrees per year. But also observations
| indicate that it must be slowing down, relative to the mantle, tilting
| its axis more towards earths vertical N-S geographical axis, and most
| likely becoming less stretched in the N-S axis.
|
| Sean
| see this url for an accompanying graphic explanation of the variable
| speed core model...
| http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
| www.gammarayburst.com

You sure went to a lot of work and are to be congratulated on
the pretty pictures, but sadly this motor rotates in either
direction when the brushes are vertically aligned:
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63375&rendTypeId=4
and you do not have any brushes.
Whilst I can see where you are going with the core moving
relatively to the mantle, you haven't explained polarity reversal
or permanent magnetism. Core stretching is imagination stretching.
http://space.rice.edu/IMAGE/livefrom/sunearth.html

It is notable how much static electricity
can build up from the falling of various
sized water droplets in a thunderstorm.

Basic questions:

What are the electrical conductivity
properties of the both the solid
and liquid cores at such high
temperatures and pressures?

Are there significant differences
in the electrical properties of
the two types of core and
intermediates?

What are the electircal properties
of the junctions between the
liquid metal core and the semisolid
magma mantle? Is magma at such
high temperatures and pressures
still going to be an insulator? What
about magma with a high level of
liquid metal embedded in it possibly
as a metal droplet ('aerosol'?) or as
metal complexes with partially
dissolved magma impurities.

Is magma going to be be withdrawing
electric charge from the liquid metal
core, or adding charge to it? Are the
electrical junctions at the magma-core
boundary significant when it comes to
the earth's magnetic field? What would
be the likely electrical and magnetic
properties of magma particles flowing
and being carried by the physical movement
of the liquid metal in the outer liquid
metal core? Is the magma-core boundary
significant when it comes to geomagnetism?

On a non-electrical side note, is the more
solid inner metal core generally plastic?
Would it allow the migration of heavier metal
components further toward the center.
(Effectively concentrating lead, uranium,
and the heavier metals toward the furthest
and lowest interior?)

On Jan 23, 2:54*pm, "Androcles" wrote:
"sean" wrote in message

...
|I have also supplied a graphic explanation of the `Variable speed Core
| ` model at the following url
|
|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
|
| ...to accompany the model outlined below...
|
|
|
| Studies of the seismic record indicate that seismic waves travel
| fastest along a north-south axis from the southern hemisphere to
| Siberia (and more recently suggesting an easterly shift to over
| Alaska) implying that over the the last century it appears that the
| earths solid core is rotating in an easterly direction. The conclusion
| made from this data is that the earths solid inner core can be said to
| be rotating west to east at approximately 1 degree longtitude a year
| faster than the mantle.(Song, Richards 2005) *This implies then, that
| relative to Earths solid inner core, the mantle and the outer part of
| the liquid core can be said to be moving in a westerly direction. This
| also implies that there must be *speed gradient in the liquid core
| across its radius (relative to the mantle), of approximately 0 degrees/
| year near the mantle to 0.1 degreeslongtitude/year near the solid
| core. Thus using Lenzs` law, one can predict that the larger volume of
| the outer part of the liquid core will induce a residual westerly
| electrical current in the inner part of the liquid core (ie the outer
| liquid core moves in a westerly direction relative to the inner part
| of the liquid core). Flemings Right Hand rule predicts this westerly
| direction of the electrical current will in turn induce a magnetic
| south pole near Earths geographic North Pole. Recent experiments
| confirm this, in that a freely rotating liquid metal will generate a
| self sustaining magnetic field without a neccesary seed magnetic field
| to kickstart the dynamo effect as previously thought.(Generation of a
| Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium.
| R. Monchaux et al 2007).
| As the seismic record shows that sound waves travel fastest across
| earths N-S axis, this could also be consistent with the solid inner
| core being slightly elongated in the earths N-S axis. (sound waves
| travel fastest in a denser medium) Following from this, it can be
| hypothesised that contrary to the speculation that the earths core is
| a rigid crystal, one could alternatively give the `solid` inner core
| non rigid, or elastic properties. Observations support this
| possibility (Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06). "Earth
| science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30. doi:10.1038/35092650.) If
| so its shape could then be said to oscillate over large timescales
| between that of elongated in the N-S axis to stretched along the
| equatorial plane. Obviously this implies that the inner cores`
| rotational speeds would vary between slower and faster than the
| mantle, when the solid core goes from wider at the equator to
| stretched at the poles respectively. The historical record of Earths
| pole reversals and changing field strength can thus be well modeled by
| this variable core speed model. In that if currently it is accepted
| that the `solid core` is stretched is the north south axis and rotates
| faster than the mantle then it follows that when the cores volume
| changes shape to that of more stretched in the equatorial axis, It
| must then be forced to slow its rotational speed and therefore rotate
| slower than the mantle . Not faster as currently observed. (ie the
| core then will rotate in a westerly direction relative to the mantle)
| In turn this would reverse the relative motion between the inner and
| outer parts of the liquid core (as described above)
| and in turn reverse the induced equatorial direction of the induced
| electrical current which would then reverse the direction of earths
| induced magnetic field from N-S to S-N. THis is observed in the
| historical seismic record.
| The current weakening of Earths magnetic field must then be due to the
| solid cores` rotational speed slowing relative to the mantle. In other
| words if it is assumed that currently the core is observed to be
| travelling faster than the mantle in an easterly direction at 0.1
| longitude per year than that rate must have been faster in the past
| and will be slower in the future. This can only be explained if it is
| assumed that the `solid` core itself is becoming less stretched in the
| N-S axis and tending towards becoming stretched in the equatorial
| axis.
| To explain the observed off axis magnetic North pole using this
| `variable core speed model` one can again refer to the seismic record
| which shows that the *axis of anisotropy, corresponding to the fastest
| direction for seismic waves, tilts about 10 degrees from the Earth's N-
| S axis of rotation, towards Siberia. From this data *one can interpret
| that the inner core not only could be `stretched` in the N-S axis but
| also be physically tilted *10 degrees off axis towards Siberia as it
| rotates within the earths core. In effect while it is rotating faster
| than the mantle, its axis of mass is also tilted off center by 10
| degrees and stretched slightly in the N-S axis. *This will in turn
| effect the equatorial rotation of the liquid inner core which acts as
| a boundary between the mantle and the solid inner core. Modeling the
| liquid core flow is always speculative for any model, but it is not
| unreasonable to assume that a 10 degree off axis solid core that
| rotates around its N-S center of mass could create a flow in the inner
| part of the liquid core that was also tilted in an equal but opposite
| 10 degrees `off axis` in the equatorial plane. Resulting in an equal
| and opposite tilt in the induced magnetic North pole of 10 degrees
| towards the Arctic, using Lenz and Fleming as described previously.
| This predicted tilt in the magnetic pole towards the arctic is
| consistent with observation. As is the prediction that the axis of the
| solid core is tilted towards Siberia.
| The final element is to explain the northerly drift of the magnetic
| North pole. There is insufficient seismic data to confirm or refute
| this prediction but the variable core speed model presented in this
| paper predicts that this would be due to an equal northerly drift of
| the solid inner cores rotational axis from more than 10 degrees off
| axis as currently observed to one that will be tilted by 0 degrees, or
| directly N-S. In other words if the solid core is said to be currently
| rotating tilted by 10 degrees off axis and this induces a off axis
| electrical current and off axis magnetic pole. Then a solid core that
| is aligned to earths geographic N-S axis as it rotates will generate
| no off axis electrical current and therefore no off axis magnetic
| field. In other words the cores volume is stretched in the N-S axis
| and tilted by 10 degrees but is changing shape as it rotates so that
| its N-S stretch is tending towards 0 degrees. In fact it would be more
| correct to say that its nvolume is changing from stretched 10 degrees
| off axis to not stretched in either the N-S or equatorial axis. This
| would be in line with a slowing down of the solid cores rotational
| speed as seen in the observed weakening of the overal magnetic field.
| (The variable speed core model predicts that when the core is
| perfectly circular in volume it rotational speed relative to the
| mantle will be the same as the mantle ,ie 0 degrees per year. And *no*
| magnetic field will be generated)
| The conclusion this `variable speed core` model makes is that all the
| combined observations of earths core and magnetic field indicate that
| the solid core is currently stretched in the N-s axis, tilted off
| center by 10 degrees and rotating faster than the mantle in an
| easterly direction by 0.1 degrees per year. But also observations
| indicate that it must be slowing down, relative to the mantle, tilting
| its axis more towards earths vertical N-S geographical axis, and most
| likely becoming less stretched in the N-S axis.
|
| Sean
| see this url for an accompanying graphic explanation of the variable
| speed core model...
|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
|www.gammarayburst.com

You sure went to a lot of work and are to be congratulated on
the pretty pictures, but sadly this motor rotates in either
direction when the brushes are vertically aligned:http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63375&rendTypeId=4
and you do not have any brushes.
Why do I need brushes in my model. The liquid core is connected
to itself. The current flows around it and doesnt need to be
connected to anywhere else by brushes .
And you havent made it clear why your diagram proves
that Lenzs law is incorrect. As far as Im aware an electrical
current always flows in the direction of the motion of the magnetic
field. At least thats what my reference indicates. For instance
if you have a solenoid arranged so that it is vertical on a
desk. If you then move a magnet south pole first downwards
into the top end,. the current in the solenoid
flows from top to bottom. The same occurs if the magnet
is reversed so that its north pole enters the top end of
the solenoid first and moves downwards.
But if you move the magnet either north or south pole first
upwards from the bottom of the solenoid then the current is
reversed in the solenoid. This is what any reference claims
is observed. It is this effect that I use to explain
how the current is induced in the liquid core.The outer
part of the liquid core rotates around the inner part
of the liquid core and induces a current in the same direction
as the mantles rotation relative to the solid core.When the
solid core slows it reverses the rotational direction between
the solid core and mantle which in turn reverses the flow
of the outer part of the liquid core. And that in turn reverses
the flow of the induced current in the inner part of theliquid
core.Which in turn ...etc (as Ive outlined elsewhere)


Whilst I can see where you are going with the core moving
relatively to the mantle, you haven't explained polarity reversal
or permanent magnetism. Core stretching is imagination stretching.
*http://space.rice.edu/IMAGE/livefrom/sunearth.html
No offense but this is incorrect.I have not imagined a stretching.
I have extrapolated from data a stretching and as I outlined
in the first post, there IS proof that the core is
stretched in the N-S axis. This proof is the data that shows
that sound waves travel faster in a N-S axis centered over
Siberia. And this is also consistent with my model in that
my model dictates that if the solid core is stretched over
siberia, as observed, then it would have to result in a
magnetic pole over the Canadian Arctic. And that too
is observed, not imagined.
Which permanent magnetism are you referring to?
If its the earths field then you have to look no further then the
experimental observations by others as cited above that show
that a rotationg liquid sodium can generate and sustain
a magnetic field with no outside input as long as it rotates.
Regarding your other point. In fact I have explained
the polar reversal. When the solid core widens at
the equator rather than the N -S axis it must by laws of
physics slow its rotational speed to that of slower than
the mantle. This means the core must reverse its motion
relative to the mantle resulting in the reversal
also of the liquid core rotation.
And Lenz and Fleming show us that this will
reverse the direction of the electrical current and thus
reverse the North South polarity.
In other words as Ive outlined in my first post and
at the animated explanation at..
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
...the polar reversals are due to the reversals in the east west
rotational flow of the liquid core. Simple physics really.
Im surprised noone else thought of this before.


Sean
www.gammarayburst.com
http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=jaymoseleygrb

For a graphic explanation of the model below discussed see...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
On Jan 23, 10:31*pm, Strange Creature
wrote:
It is notable how much static electricity
can build up from the falling of various
sized water droplets in a thunderstorm.

Basic questions:

As far as I see almost all theoretical
models, not just mine, can only speculate
on how exactly the field is induced and what properties
or constituents the liquid and solid cores have.
In fact all the theoretical models Ive read
cannot even explain how the field seeds itself.
They resort to an imaginary unexplained spontaneous
appearance of a seed field.
Thats part of the reason why I posted my model
here. I can explain how the field is generated
and sustained by using everyday accepted observed
phenomema(Flemings RHR and Lenz etc)
What are the electrical conductivity
properties of the both the solid
and liquid cores at such high
temperatures and pressures?

This is something no model appears able
to answer . However one thing can be certain.
The liquid core must have conductive properties
otherwise the magnetic field and its associated
properties would not be observed.
Its an interesting question though and
could probably be answered speculatively by calculating
backwards if one had all the data. First measure the
strength of the magnetic field at any point on the earths
surface and calculate what electrical current at any radius
distance from the center in the liquid core would be
neccesary to produce such an observed field strength
Are there significant differences
in the electrical properties of
the two types of core and
intermediates?

This is hard to answer not having been there and
measured in situ but.. I would hypothesise that
the solid core would not display a noticeable electrical
current considering that it is the rotation and
the mechanical `shear` across the liquid core.(Ie: the
difference in rotational speeds of the outer
and inner liquid core) that I suggest induces the
electrical current.
Having said that it is implicit in my model that a heated
liquid metal can carry an electrical curent. If it couldnt
then when it is rotated it couldnt allow a dynamo effect
to occur and be observed. Neither in the earths core nor
in experiments like...
...Generation of a Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a
Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium. R. Monchaux et al 2007
So yes there are and these differences are directly a result
of the mechanical difference between a solid and a rotating
liquid conductor. Ive explained this elsewhere by suggesting
that a electric current is not a transfer or stream of
electrons but rather a mechanical rotation of one atoms
magnetic field by another. In fact the Faraday wheel can be
explained better using this mechanical model then any
electron stream model can explain.
What are the electircal properties
of the junctions between the
liquid metal core and the semisolid
magma mantle? Is magma at such
high temperatures and pressures
still going to be an insulator? *What
about magma with a high level of
liquid metal embedded in it possibly
as a metal droplet ('aerosol'?) or as
metal complexes with partially
dissolved magma impurities.

Im not familar with the constituents of surface` magma`
so I can only speculate on its properties.
Im assuming for now that the magma is the liquid
core that has penetrated and cooled partially in the
mantle to a more lumpy granular consistency. If the
magma is currently observed to be an insulator
then that must be because its not allowed to rotate
or shear due to its constricted
circumstances and... It must also be cooler and partially
solidified . More crystaline maybe then the liquid core.
This would inhibit the shear effect between freer moving
atoms in the liquid core that produces the dynamo I describe.
Is magma going to be be withdrawing
electric charge from the liquid metal
core, or adding charge to it? *Are the
electrical junctions at the magma-core
boundary significant when it comes to
the earth's magnetic field? *What would
be the likely electrical and magnetic
properties of magma particles flowing
and being carried by the physical movement
of the liquid metal in the outer liquid
metal core? *Is the magma-core boundary
significant when it comes to geomagnetism?

If the magma isnt rotating then it seems likely
to me that it must act as an insulator. I m not
that familar with the differences between magma
and liquid core, but I imagine it has a more granular
consistency then the liquid core which in turn
would inhibit the shear between atoms in the
liquid core that then results in the dynamo
effect during rotation.

On a non-electrical side note, is the more
solid inner metal core generally plastic?
Would it allow the migration of heavier metal
components further toward the center.
(Effectively concentrating lead, uranium,
and the heavier metals toward the furthest
and lowest interior?)
Interesting question. I suggested in the initial post
that the solid core must have elastic properties
but that it could be elastic in the sense
that it is like larged lumped collection rather than an
`elastic` solid. I believe that papers like ..
Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06).
"Earth science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30.
doi:10.1038/35092650....suggest similar properties.
So if its solid but elastic then presumably heavier elements
would migrate through the liquid core to attach to and
`grow` the solid core. Its hard to say if this solid
would allow elements to migrate through to the center.
Maybe a way to test this would be to heat a metal alloy
lump to a point where its soft but not liquid and then
spin it to see if any of the elements migrate within the
spinning lump.
However if the solid core is a collection of seperate fused
smaller core pieces then I think that like clothes in a washing
machine they would churn and heavy elements would be drawn in
to solidify on a solid piece of the core, churn and then maybe
be ejected or recycled over time back into the hotter
liquid core again. In this case a equilibrium would be better
maintained and the heavy metal balance between solid and
liquid core maintained.
Sean
www.gammarayburst.com
http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=jaymoseleygrb

"sean" wrote in message
...
On Jan 23, 2:54 pm, "Androcles" wrote:
"sean" wrote in message

...
|I have also supplied a graphic explanation of the `Variable speed Core
| ` model at the following url
|
|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
|
| ...to accompany the model outlined below...
|
|
|
| Studies of the seismic record indicate that seismic waves travel
| fastest along a north-south axis from the southern hemisphere to
| Siberia (and more recently suggesting an easterly shift to over
| Alaska) implying that over the the last century it appears that the
| earths solid core is rotating in an easterly direction. The conclusion
| made from this data is that the earths solid inner core can be said to
| be rotating west to east at approximately 1 degree longtitude a year
| faster than the mantle.(Song, Richards 2005) This implies then, that
| relative to Earths solid inner core, the mantle and the outer part of
| the liquid core can be said to be moving in a westerly direction. This
| also implies that there must be speed gradient in the liquid core
| across its radius (relative to the mantle), of approximately 0 degrees/
| year near the mantle to 0.1 degreeslongtitude/year near the solid
| core. Thus using Lenzs` law, one can predict that the larger volume of
| the outer part of the liquid core will induce a residual westerly
| electrical current in the inner part of the liquid core (ie the outer
| liquid core moves in a westerly direction relative to the inner part
| of the liquid core). Flemings Right Hand rule predicts this westerly
| direction of the electrical current will in turn induce a magnetic
| south pole near Earths geographic North Pole. Recent experiments
| confirm this, in that a freely rotating liquid metal will generate a
| self sustaining magnetic field without a neccesary seed magnetic field
| to kickstart the dynamo effect as previously thought.(Generation of a
| Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium.
| R. Monchaux et al 2007).
| As the seismic record shows that sound waves travel fastest across
| earths N-S axis, this could also be consistent with the solid inner
| core being slightly elongated in the earths N-S axis. (sound waves
| travel fastest in a denser medium) Following from this, it can be
| hypothesised that contrary to the speculation that the earths core is
| a rigid crystal, one could alternatively give the `solid` inner core
| non rigid, or elastic properties. Observations support this
| possibility (Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06). "Earth
| science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30. doi:10.1038/35092650.) If
| so its shape could then be said to oscillate over large timescales
| between that of elongated in the N-S axis to stretched along the
| equatorial plane. Obviously this implies that the inner cores`
| rotational speeds would vary between slower and faster than the
| mantle, when the solid core goes from wider at the equator to
| stretched at the poles respectively. The historical record of Earths
| pole reversals and changing field strength can thus be well modeled by
| this variable core speed model. In that if currently it is accepted
| that the `solid core` is stretched is the north south axis and rotates
| faster than the mantle then it follows that when the cores volume
| changes shape to that of more stretched in the equatorial axis, It
| must then be forced to slow its rotational speed and therefore rotate
| slower than the mantle . Not faster as currently observed. (ie the
| core then will rotate in a westerly direction relative to the mantle)
| In turn this would reverse the relative motion between the inner and
| outer parts of the liquid core (as described above)
| and in turn reverse the induced equatorial direction of the induced
| electrical current which would then reverse the direction of earths
| induced magnetic field from N-S to S-N. THis is observed in the
| historical seismic record.
| The current weakening of Earths magnetic field must then be due to the
| solid cores` rotational speed slowing relative to the mantle. In other
| words if it is assumed that currently the core is observed to be
| travelling faster than the mantle in an easterly direction at 0.1
| longitude per year than that rate must have been faster in the past
| and will be slower in the future. This can only be explained if it is
| assumed that the `solid` core itself is becoming less stretched in the
| N-S axis and tending towards becoming stretched in the equatorial
| axis.
| To explain the observed off axis magnetic North pole using this
| `variable core speed model` one can again refer to the seismic record
| which shows that the axis of anisotropy, corresponding to the fastest
| direction for seismic waves, tilts about 10 degrees from the Earth's N-
| S axis of rotation, towards Siberia. From this data one can interpret
| that the inner core not only could be `stretched` in the N-S axis but
| also be physically tilted 10 degrees off axis towards Siberia as it
| rotates within the earths core. In effect while it is rotating faster
| than the mantle, its axis of mass is also tilted off center by 10
| degrees and stretched slightly in the N-S axis. This will in turn
| effect the equatorial rotation of the liquid inner core which acts as
| a boundary between the mantle and the solid inner core. Modeling the
| liquid core flow is always speculative for any model, but it is not
| unreasonable to assume that a 10 degree off axis solid core that
| rotates around its N-S center of mass could create a flow in the inner
| part of the liquid core that was also tilted in an equal but opposite
| 10 degrees `off axis` in the equatorial plane. Resulting in an equal
| and opposite tilt in the induced magnetic North pole of 10 degrees
| towards the Arctic, using Lenz and Fleming as described previously.
| This predicted tilt in the magnetic pole towards the arctic is
| consistent with observation. As is the prediction that the axis of the
| solid core is tilted towards Siberia.
| The final element is to explain the northerly drift of the magnetic
| North pole. There is insufficient seismic data to confirm or refute
| this prediction but the variable core speed model presented in this
| paper predicts that this would be due to an equal northerly drift of
| the solid inner cores rotational axis from more than 10 degrees off
| axis as currently observed to one that will be tilted by 0 degrees, or
| directly N-S. In other words if the solid core is said to be currently
| rotating tilted by 10 degrees off axis and this induces a off axis
| electrical current and off axis magnetic pole. Then a solid core that
| is aligned to earths geographic N-S axis as it rotates will generate
| no off axis electrical current and therefore no off axis magnetic
| field. In other words the cores volume is stretched in the N-S axis
| and tilted by 10 degrees but is changing shape as it rotates so that
| its N-S stretch is tending towards 0 degrees. In fact it would be more
| correct to say that its nvolume is changing from stretched 10 degrees
| off axis to not stretched in either the N-S or equatorial axis. This
| would be in line with a slowing down of the solid cores rotational
| speed as seen in the observed weakening of the overal magnetic field.
| (The variable speed core model predicts that when the core is
| perfectly circular in volume it rotational speed relative to the
| mantle will be the same as the mantle ,ie 0 degrees per year. And *no*
| magnetic field will be generated)
| The conclusion this `variable speed core` model makes is that all the
| combined observations of earths core and magnetic field indicate that
| the solid core is currently stretched in the N-s axis, tilted off
| center by 10 degrees and rotating faster than the mantle in an
| easterly direction by 0.1 degrees per year. But also observations
| indicate that it must be slowing down, relative to the mantle, tilting
| its axis more towards earths vertical N-S geographical axis, and most
| likely becoming less stretched in the N-S axis.
|
| Sean
| see this url for an accompanying graphic explanation of the variable
| speed core model...
|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
|www.gammarayburst.com

You sure went to a lot of work and are to be congratulated on
the pretty pictures, but sadly this motor rotates in either
direction when the brushes are vertically
aligned:http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63375&rendTypeId=4
and you do not have any brushes.

| Why do I need brushes in my model.

Why do you need a question mark at the end of that statement?


| The liquid core is connected
| to itself.

So is the rotor in an AC induction motor, but the magnetic
field reverses 50 times a second (60 in the USA). The Earth's
magnetic field is DC.



| The current flows around it and doesnt need to be
| connected to anywhere else by brushes .

The problem with that idea is resistance.
Is the Earth's core a superconductor?


| And you havent made it clear why your diagram proves
| that Lenzs law is incorrect.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz's_law



| As far as Im aware an electrical
| current always flows in the direction of the motion of the magnetic
| field.

I'll change the batteries in my fridge magnets then. My grocery list
must be about to fall on the floor, I haven't changed them in years.


| At least thats what my reference indicates. For instance
| if you have a solenoid arranged so that it is vertical on a
| desk. If you then move

Move? What's this about "move"?
I don't move my fridge magnets very much. When I do
then I create a small current in the door, but no current
without movement.



| a magnet south pole first downwards
| into the top end,. the current in the solenoid
| flows from top to bottom. The same occurs if the magnet
| is reversed so that its north pole enters the top end of
| the solenoid first and moves downwards.
| But if you move the magnet either north or south pole first
| upwards from the bottom of the solenoid then the current is
| reversed in the solenoid. This is what any reference claims
| is observed. It is this effect that I use to explain
| how the current is induced in the liquid core.

Yes, but the solenoid doesn't induce any voltage without you
applying a force to make it move. So what is the force that
rotates the core relative to the mantle?

| The outer
| part of the liquid core rotates around the inner part
| of the liquid core and induces a current in the same direction
| as the mantles rotation relative to the solid core.When the
| solid core slows it reverses the rotational direction between
| the solid core and mantle which in turn reverses the flow
| of the outer part of the liquid core. And that in turn reverses
| the flow of the induced current in the inner part of theliquid
| core.Which in turn ...etc (as Ive outlined elsewhere)

Sure, but where's the force?

Whilst I can see where you are going with the core moving
relatively to the mantle, you haven't explained polarity reversal
or permanent magnetism. Core stretching is imagination stretching.
http://space.rice.edu/IMAGE/livefrom/sunearth.html

| No offense but this is incorrect.I have not imagined a stretching.
| I have extrapolated from data a stretching and as I outlined
| in the first post, there IS proof that the core is
| stretched in the N-S axis. This proof is the data that shows
| that sound waves travel faster in a N-S axis centered over
| Siberia. And this is also consistent with my model in that
| my model dictates that if the solid core is stretched over
| siberia, as observed, then it would have to result in a
| magnetic pole over the Canadian Arctic. And that too
| is observed, not imagined.
| Which permanent magnetism are you referring to?

The permanent magnet on my fridge door will do.
Explain how it works without batteries.

| If its the earths field then you have to look no further then the
| experimental observations by others as cited above that show
| that a rotationg liquid sodium can generate and sustain
| a magnetic field with no outside input as long as it rotates.

My fridge magnets sustain a magnetic field with no outside input
without rotating, although they do rotate with the Earth. But then
so does the fridge and that doesn't sustain a magnetic field with
no outside input.

| Regarding your other point. In fact I have explained
| the polar reversal. When the solid core widens at
| the equator rather than the N -S axis it must by laws of
| physics slow its rotational speed to that of slower than
| the mantle. This means the core must reverse its motion
| relative to the mantle resulting in the reversal
| also of the liquid core rotation.
| And Lenz and Fleming show us that this will
| reverse the direction of the electrical current and thus
| reverse the North South polarity.
| In other words as Ive outlined in my first post and
| at the animated explanation at..
| http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
| ...the polar reversals are due to the reversals in the east west
| rotational flow of the liquid core. Simple physics really.
| Im surprised noone else thought of this before.

Lenz and Fleming knew a little more about electric motors
and generators, work, energy, force, voltage, current, resistance,
inductance, impedance, back emf, AC, DC, etc. than you do.
Never mind, you can learn, it was a good try.
Explain permanent magnetism in my fridge magnets
without moving cores and batteries and brushes and we'll
worry about the Earth's magnetic field later. You never
know, we may get around to permanent gravity.

On Feb 2, 8:02*am, sean wrote:
For a graphic explanation of the model below discussed see...http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
On Jan 23, 10:31*pm, Strange Creature
wrote: It is notable how much static electricity
can build up from the falling of various
sized water droplets in a thunderstorm.

Basic questions:

As far as I see almost all theoretical
models, not just mine, can only speculate
on how exactly the field is induced and what properties
or constituents the liquid and solid cores have.
In fact all the theoretical models Ive read
cannot even explain how the field seeds itself.
They resort to an imaginary unexplained spontaneous
appearance of a seed field.
Thats part of the reason why I posted my model
here. I can explain how the field is generated
and sustained by using everyday accepted observed
phenomema(Flemings RHR and Lenz etc) What are the electrical conductivity
properties of the both the solid
and liquid cores at such high
temperatures and pressures?

This is something no model appears able
to answer . However one thing can be certain.
The liquid core must have conductive properties
otherwise the magnetic field and its associated
properties would not be observed.
Its an interesting question though and
could probably be answered speculatively by calculating
backwards if one had all the data. First measure the
strength of the magnetic field at any point on the earths
surface and calculate what electrical current at any radius
distance from the center in the liquid core would be
neccesary to produce such an observed field strength Are there significant differences
in the electrical properties of
the two types of core and
intermediates?

This is hard to answer not having been there and
measured in situ but.. I would hypothesise that
the solid core would not display a noticeable electrical
current considering that it is the rotation and
the mechanical `shear` across the liquid core.(Ie: the
difference in rotational speeds of the outer
and inner liquid core) that I suggest induces the
electrical current.
Having said that it is implicit in my model that a heated
liquid metal can carry an electrical curent. If it couldnt
then when it is rotated it couldnt allow a dynamo effect
to occur and be observed. Neither in the earths core nor
in experiments like...
*...Generation of a Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a
Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium. R. Monchaux et al 2007
So yes there are and these differences are directly a result
of the mechanical difference between a solid and a rotating
liquid conductor. Ive explained this elsewhere by suggesting
that a electric current is not a transfer or stream of
electrons but rather a mechanical rotation of one atoms
magnetic field by another. In fact the Faraday wheel can be
explained better using this mechanical model then any
electron stream model can explain. What are the electircal properties
of the junctions between the
liquid metal core and the semisolid
magma mantle? Is magma at such
high temperatures and pressures
still going to be an insulator? *What
about magma with a high level of
liquid metal embedded in it possibly
as a metal droplet ('aerosol'?) or as
metal complexes with partially
dissolved magma impurities.

Im not familar with the constituents of surface` magma`
so I can only speculate on its properties.
Im assuming for now that the magma is the liquid
core that has penetrated and cooled partially in the
mantle to a more lumpy granular consistency. If the
magma is currently observed to be an insulator
then that must be because its not allowed to rotate
or shear due to its constricted
circumstances and... It must also be cooler and partially
solidified . More crystaline maybe then the liquid core.
This would inhibit the shear effect between freer moving
atoms in the liquid core that produces the dynamo I describe. Is magma going to be be withdrawing
electric charge from the liquid metal
core, or adding charge to it? *Are the
electrical junctions at the magma-core
boundary significant when it comes to
the earth's magnetic field? *What would
be the likely electrical and magnetic
properties of magma particles flowing
and being carried by the physical movement
of the liquid metal in the outer liquid
metal core? *Is the magma-core boundary
significant when it comes to geomagnetism?

If the magma isnt rotating then it seems likely
to me that it must act as an insulator. I m not
that familar with the differences between magma
and liquid core, but I imagine it has a more granular
consistency then the liquid core which in turn
would inhibit the shear between atoms in the
liquid core that then results in the dynamo
effect during rotation.

On a non-electrical side note, is the more
solid inner metal core generally plastic?
Would it allow the migration of heavier metal
components further toward the center.
(Effectively concentrating lead, uranium,
and the heavier metals toward the furthest
and lowest interior?)

Interesting question. I suggested in the initial post
that the solid core must have elastic properties
but that it could be elastic in the sense
that it is like larged lumped collection rather than an
`elastic` solid. I believe that papers like ..
Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06).
"Earth science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30.
doi:10.1038/35092650....suggest similar properties.
So if its solid but elastic then presumably heavier elements
would migrate through the liquid core to attach to and
`grow` the solid core. *Its hard to say if this solid
would allow elements to migrate through to the center.
Maybe a way to test this would be to heat a metal alloy
lump to a point where its soft but not liquid and then
spin it to see if any of the elements migrate within the
spinning lump.
However if the solid core is a collection of seperate fused
smaller core pieces then I think that like clothes in a washing
machine they would churn and heavy elements would be drawn in
to solidify on a solid piece of the core, churn and then maybe
be ejected or recycled over time back into the hotter
liquid core again. In this case a equilibrium would be better
maintained and the heavy metal balance between solid and
liquid core maintained.
Seanwww.gammarayburst.comhttp://www.youtube.com/profile?user=jaymoseleygrb it is chemical bonds , not gravity that determines the chemical nature of the core . the core is composed of siderophiles. that is, the elements of the core bond via metallic bonds . this is further supported by density calculations that indicate a likely Fe/Ni composition. the massive elements , including the radioactive elements are oxyphiles and readily bond to O via ionic bonding. due to this they occur only in the mantle and crust . in fact the mantle can be considered as a sea of O with the rest of the elements as little more than minor pollutants .

On Feb 2, 2:04 pm, "Androcles" wrote:
"sean" wrote in message

...
On Jan 23, 2:54 pm, "Androcles" wrote:

"sean" wrote in message

...
I have supplied a graphic explanation of the `Variable speed Core`
model at the following url

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0

| Studies of the seismic record indicate that seismic waves travel
| fastest along a north-south axis from the southern hemisphere to
| Siberia (and more recently suggesting an easterly shift to over
| Alaska) implying that over the the last century it appears that the
| earths solid core is rotating in an easterly direction. The conclusion
| made from this data is that the earths solid inner core can be said to
| be rotating west to east at approximately 1 degree longtitude a year
| faster than the mantle.(Song, Richards 2005) This implies then, that
| relative to Earths solid inner core, the mantle and the outer part of
| the liquid core can be said to be moving in a westerly direction. This
| also implies that there must be speed gradient in the liquid core
| across its radius (relative to the mantle), of approximately 0 degrees/
| year near the mantle to 0.1 degreeslongtitude/year near the solid
| core. Thus using Lenzs` law, one can predict that the larger volume of
| the outer part of the liquid core will induce a residual westerly
| electrical current in the inner part of the liquid core (ie the outer
| liquid core moves in a westerly direction relative to the inner part
| of the liquid core). Flemings Right Hand rule predicts this westerly
| direction of the electrical current will in turn induce a magnetic
| south pole near Earths geographic North Pole. Recent experiments
| confirm this, in that a freely rotating liquid metal will generate a
| self sustaining magnetic field without a neccesary seed magnetic field
| to kickstart the dynamo effect as previously thought.(Generation of a
| Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium.
| R. Monchaux et al 2007).
| As the seismic record shows that sound waves travel fastest across
| earths N-S axis, this could also be consistent with the solid inner
| core being slightly elongated in the earths N-S axis. (sound waves
| travel fastest in a denser medium) Following from this, it can be
| hypothesised that contrary to the speculation that the earths core is
| a rigid crystal, one could alternatively give the `solid` inner core
| non rigid, or elastic properties. Observations support this
| possibility (Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06). "Earth
| science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30. doi:10.1038/35092650.) If
| so its shape could then be said to oscillate over large timescales
| between that of elongated in the N-S axis to stretched along the
| equatorial plane. Obviously this implies that the inner cores`
| rotational speeds would vary between slower and faster than the
| mantle, when the solid core goes from wider at the equator to
| stretched at the poles respectively. The historical record of Earths
| pole reversals and changing field strength can thus be well modeled by
| this variable core speed model. In that if currently it is accepted
| that the `solid core` is stretched is the north south axis and rotates
| faster than the mantle then it follows that when the cores volume
| changes shape to that of more stretched in the equatorial axis, It
| must then be forced to slow its rotational speed and therefore rotate
| slower than the mantle . Not faster as currently observed. (ie the
| core then will rotate in a westerly direction relative to the mantle)
| In turn this would reverse the relative motion between the inner and
| outer parts of the liquid core (as described above)
| and in turn reverse the induced equatorial direction of the induced
| electrical current which would then reverse the direction of earths
| induced magnetic field from N-S to S-N. THis is observed in the
| historical seismic record.
| The current weakening of Earths magnetic field must then be due to the
| solid cores` rotational speed slowing relative to the mantle. In other
| words if it is assumed that currently the core is observed to be
| travelling faster than the mantle in an easterly direction at 0.1
| longitude per year than that rate must have been faster in the past
| and will be slower in the future. This can only be explained if it is
| assumed that the `solid` core itself is becoming less stretched in the
| N-S axis and tending towards becoming stretched in the equatorial
| axis.
| To explain the observed off axis magnetic North pole using this
| `variable core speed model` one can again refer to the seismic record
| which shows that the axis of anisotropy, corresponding to the fastest
| direction for seismic waves, tilts about 10 degrees from the Earth's N-
| S axis of rotation, towards Siberia. From this data one can interpret
| that the inner core not only could be `stretched` in the N-S axis but
| also be physically tilted 10 degrees off axis towards Siberia as it
| rotates within the earths core. In effect while it is rotating faster
| than the mantle, its axis of mass is also tilted off center by 10
| degrees and stretched slightly in the N-S axis. This will in turn
| effect the equatorial rotation of the liquid inner core which acts as
| a boundary between the mantle and the solid inner core. Modeling the
| liquid core flow is always speculative for any model, but it is not
| unreasonable to assume that a 10 degree off axis solid core that
| rotates around its N-S center of mass could create a flow in the inner
| part of the liquid core that was also tilted in an equal but opposite
| 10 degrees `off axis` in the equatorial plane. Resulting in an equal
| and opposite tilt in the induced magnetic North pole of 10 degrees
| towards the Arctic, using Lenz and Fleming as described previously.
| This predicted tilt in the magnetic pole towards the arctic is
| consistent with observation. As is the prediction that the axis of the
| solid core is tilted towards Siberia.
| The final element is to explain the northerly drift of the magnetic
| North pole. There is insufficient seismic data to confirm or refute
| this prediction but the variable core speed model presented in this
| paper predicts that this would be due to an equal northerly drift of
| the solid inner cores rotational axis from more than 10 degrees off
| axis as currently observed to one that will be tilted by 0 degrees, or
| directly N-S. In other words if the solid core is said to be currently
| rotating tilted by 10 degrees off axis and this induces a off axis
| electrical current and off axis magnetic pole. Then a solid core that
| is aligned to earths geographic N-S axis as it rotates will generate
| no off axis electrical current and therefore no off axis magnetic
| field. In other words the cores volume is stretched in the N-S axis
| and tilted by 10 degrees but is changing shape as it rotates so that
| its N-S stretch is tending towards 0 degrees. In fact it would be more
| correct to say that its nvolume is changing from stretched 10 degrees
| off axis to not stretched in either the N-S or equatorial axis. This
| would be in line with a slowing down of the solid cores rotational
| speed as seen in the observed weakening of the overal magnetic field.
| (The variable speed core model predicts that when the core is
| perfectly circular in volume it rotational speed relative to the
| mantle will be the same as the mantle ,ie 0 degrees per year. And *no*
| magnetic field will be generated)
| The conclusion this `variable speed core` model makes is that all the
| combined observations of earths core and magnetic field indicate that
| the solid core is currently stretched in the N-s axis, tilted off
| center by 10 degrees and rotating faster than the mantle in an
| easterly direction by 0.1 degrees per year. But also observations
| indicate that it must be slowing down, relative to the mantle, tilting
| its axis more towards earths vertical N-S geographical axis, and most
| likely becoming less stretched in the N-S axis.
|
| Sean
| see this url for an accompanying graphic explanation of the variable
| speed core model...
|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
|www.gammarayburst.com

You sure went to a lot of work and are to be congratulated on
the pretty pictures, but sadly this motor rotates in either
direction when the brushes are vertically
aligned:http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63375&rendTypeId=4
and you do not have any brushes.

| Why do I need brushes in my model.

Why do you need a question mark at the end of that statement?
You need the brushes to connect the induced current in the coil
to the rest of the circuit in a normal setup but..
The circuit in the liquid core I describe is self contained.
It doesnt need to be connected to itself. For instance in a
dynamo ,.. does the coil that spins in the magnetic field need to
be attached to itself ? No. It only needs brushes if you want
to attach the rotating coil to an outside circuit. THink of the
earths rotating liquid core as a coil that isnt attached to an
outside circuit. Why do I need brushes? Im not suggesting the
current in the core needs to be attached to any circuit outside the
core.If I did ... THEN I would need brushes. But I dont so I
dont need to specify brushes.
| The liquid core is connected
| to itself.

So is the rotor in an AC induction motor, but the magnetic
field reverses 50 times a second (60 in the USA). The Earth's
magnetic field is DC.
The earths core is not an ac motor nor does it resemble
one. Whatever gave you that idea.?
I certainly never said it resembled an AC induction motor.
| The current flows around it and doesnt need to be
| connected to anywhere else by brushes .

The problem with that idea is resistance.
Is the Earth's core a superconductor?
No. Otherwise the eraths magnetic field would be tremendously
powerful. Nonetheless it conducts at least on a residual
basis. We have the observations of the earths field to
attest to this. AND,.. the observations that a rotating liquid
metal will without outside input generate an electromagnetic
field
| And you havent made it clear why your diagram proves
| that Lenzs law is incorrect.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz's_law
(wiki)..."The direction of the induced current depends on
whether the north or south pole of the magnet is
approaching: an approaching north pole will produce an
anti-clockwise current (from the perspective of the
magnet), and south pole approaching the coil will produce
a clockwise current..."
Yes I concede this point to you although wiki doesnt mention
that reversing the motion of the conductor still reverses
the induced magnetic field. Thats the main point my
model was stating and it still stands.
And rather than parralel, as Ive suggested previously,
the liquid core induces a current at right angles to
its motion. From core to mantle. I think Ill have to
change my simulation at..
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
To one that has the current direction from core to mantle
rather than rotating around the core.
Nonettheless when the direction of the motion reverses the
induced field still reverses. This is whats observed and means
my model is still consistent with the observations and with
Lenz and Fleming.
I think essentially this is similar to what
happens in the faraday wheel? The field is at right angles
to the current and motion. And the motion is at right
angles to the field and current.
What earths core shows us and what...R. Monchaux et al
(Generation of a Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a
Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium 2007)...
confirm is that where a liquid faraday wheel rotates ..the shear
of the atoms motion across the radius of the rotating liquid
supplies the induced current which in turn induces the magnetic
field. In other words a liquid faraday wheel can induce its own
field as long as force is supplied through rotation,without
neccesitating an applied external magnetic field. I know
you wont like this but the fact is that this theoretical premise
I suggest is confirmed by R Monchaux et al. If I was wrong
then they would not have observed a roating liquid conductor
generate and sustain a magnetic field without any external
applied emf.
| As far as Im aware an electrical
| current always flows in the direction of the motion of the magnetic
| field.

I'll change the batteries in my fridge magnets then. My grocery list
must be about to fall on the floor, I haven't changed them in years.
Did I ever say that your permanent magnet wasnt permanent?
No. You imagine facts .I never even mentioned permanent magnets
or whether or not they are permanent or not.
| At least thats what my reference indicates. For instance
| if you have a solenoid arranged so that it is vertical on a
| desk. If you then move

Move? What's this about "move"?
I don't move my fridge magnets very much. When I do
then I create a small current in the door, but no current
without movement.
Exactly as I was saying. If you move your magnet,..
you create a small current. What makes you think that when
I say.."a moving magnet induces a current""
I actually mean .." a moving magnet does not induce
a current".. ??!
| a magnet south pole first downwards
| into the top end,. the current in the solenoid
| flows from top to bottom. The same occurs if the magnet
| is reversed so that its north pole enters the top end of
| the solenoid first and moves downwards.
| But if you move the magnet either north or south pole first
| upwards from the bottom of the solenoid then the current is
| reversed in the solenoid. This is what any reference claims
| is observed. It is this effect that I use to explain
| how the current is induced in the liquid core.

Yes, but the solenoid doesn't induce any voltage without you
applying a force to make it move.
Well Im glad you agree with me now that a moving magnet
will induce a current.
So what is the force that rotates the core relative
to the mantle?
First of all it is accepted by the scientific
community that the earths core DOES rotate relative to the mantle
Ive cited one source in my initial post to clarify that its
not me imagining this.Here it is again..
Song, Richards 2005 Check it out on google .
So Ive responded to this observed fact and suggested that
the reason why the core rotates faster then the mantle is that
it is evolving in its shape over long time periods from extended
at its equator to extended at its poles. And as simple physics
tells us: when its volume is narrow at the equator and extended
at the poles then it will rotate faster. Of course this is
a theoretical premise seeing as no-one can visit the core to
confirm any claims made by any model. But as I cited in my initial
post.. I do have seperate confirmation that the core
is physically stretched in the N-S axis and we have a seismic
record that shows us that sound waves travel faster in the N-S axis
then the equatorial axis. THis is consistent with a core that is
denser in the N-S axis. (Ie the cores diameter must be larger
in the N-S axis and therefore the sound waves travel faster
in a N-S then E-W earth axis.)

| The outer
| part of the liquid core rotates around the inner part
| of the liquid core and induces a current in the same direction
| as the mantles rotation relative to the solid core.When the
| solid core slows it reverses the rotational direction between
| the solid core and mantle which in turn reverses the flow
| of the outer part of the liquid core. And that in turn reverses
| the flow of the induced current in the inner part of theliquid
| core.Which in turn ...etc (as Ive outlined elsewhere)

Sure, but where's the force?
The force is the larger part of the liquid core adjacent to the mantle
that moves relative to the smaller part of the liquid core near
the solid core. The force is the difference in rotational speeds
between the solid core and the mantle. I suggest that some
of the force at least from the physical rotation of earths mantle
and solid core is `expended` to the creation of a induced magnetic
field . In other words the rotation of the earth and the speed
differentials of its interior `parts` are the dynamo that create
the magnetic field through electrical induction in the liquid medium
that is between the mantle and the solid core.
So lets say for instance if a planet hasnt a liquid core then
it wouldnt have a magnetic field under my model.
Whilst I can see where you are going with the core moving
relatively to the mantle, you haven't explained polarity reversal
or permanent magnetism. Core stretching is imagination stretching.
http://space.rice.edu/IMAGE/livefrom/sunearth.html

| No offense but this is incorrect.I have not imagined a stretching.
| I have extrapolated from data a stretching and as I outlined
| in the first post, there IS proof that the core is
| stretched in the N-S axis. This proof is the data that shows
| that sound waves travel faster in a N-S axis centered over
| Siberia. And this is also consistent with my model in that
| my model dictates that if the solid core is stretched over
| siberia, as observed, then it would have to result in a
| magnetic pole over the Canadian Arctic. And that too
| is observed, not imagined.
| Which permanent magnetism are you referring to?

The permanent magnet on my fridge door will do.
Explain how it works without batteries.
Im not suggesting that a permanent magnet has to have
a liquid core any more than it has to resemble a dynamo
with a rotating coil. I assume that the metal atoms have
there fields fixed in a homogenous direction so as to simulate
a single N-S field in the volume of the magnet.
I havent tried making one but I was under the impression
that if one heats a metal and lets it coolunder the
influence of a strong field its atoms magnetic
field lines will be `fixed` in that particular orientation.



| If its the earths field then you have to look no further then the
| experimental observations by others as cited above that show
| that a rotationg liquid sodium can generate and sustain
| a magnetic field with no outside input as long as it rotates.

My fridge magnets sustain a magnetic field with no outside input
without rotating, although they do rotate with the Earth. But then
so does the fridge and that doesn't sustain a magnetic field with
no outside input.
A solenoid will not sustain a magnetic field if no current is
flowing. Yet as you say your permanent magnet will. Yet it
isnt a solenoid. Obviously a permanent magnet has a magnetic
field that has a different mechanical explanation then a solenoid
or a dynamo generated emf.
In other words Im not suggesting the earths magnetic field is
due to a solid cool one piece core like your fridge magnet.. Im
suggesting that the earths magnetic field is the result of
a dynamo mechanism due to the speed differentials between
the various parts of earths core including the solid core
which rotates faster than the mantle and the liquid core
which must rotate at a range of speeds between the core and
the mantle speeds.
| Regarding your other point. In fact I have explained
| the polar reversal. When the solid core widens at
| the equator rather than the N -S axis it must by laws of
| physics slow its rotational speed to that of slower than
| the mantle. This means the core must reverse its motion
| relative to the mantle resulting in the reversal
| also of the liquid core rotation.
| And Lenz and Fleming show us that this will
| reverse the direction of the electrical current and thus
| reverse the North South polarity.
| In other words as Ive outlined in my first post and
| at the animated explanation at..
|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
| ...the polar reversals are due to the reversals in the east west
| rotational flow of the liquid core. Simple physics really.
| Im surprised noone else thought of this before.

Lenz and Fleming knew a little more about electric motors
and generators, work, energy, force, voltage, current, resistance,
inductance, impedance, back emf, AC, DC, etc. than you do.
Yes , but I can learn from the mistakes they made on the theory
of electricity. The electron flow model they used is incorrect
and has a hard time explaining some observations. Like the
Faraday wheel for instance. Its easier to explain it using a model
of electricity that describes the the mechanism as one atoms
magnetic pole being rotated by another.
Explain permanent magnetism in my fridge magnets
without moving cores and batteries and brushes and we'll
worry about the Earth's magnetic field later. You never
know, we may get around to permanent gravity.
As Ive said already your permanent magnet on your fridge
does not have a rotating liquid core. If it did , I could explain
it using my above model.
Anyways Earths gravity isnt permanent. If its core stopped rotating
its magnetic field would disappear. Wheras your permanent
fridge magnet would still retain its magnetism.
Sean
www.gammarayburst.com
http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=jaymoseleygrb

On Feb 3, 3:23*am, brad wrote:
On Feb 2, 8:02*am, sean wrote:



For a graphic explanation of the model below discussed see...http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
On Jan 23, 10:31*pm, Strange Creature
wrote: It is notable how much static electricity
can build up from the falling of various
sized water droplets in a thunderstorm.

Basic questions:

As far as I see almost all theoretical
models, not just mine, can only speculate
on how exactly the field is induced and what properties
or constituents the liquid and solid cores have.
In fact all the theoretical models Ive read
cannot even explain how the field seeds itself.
They resort to an imaginary unexplained spontaneous
appearance of a seed field.
Thats part of the reason why I posted my model
here. I can explain how the field is generated
and sustained by using everyday accepted observed
phenomema(Flemings RHR and Lenz etc) What are the electrical conductivity
properties of the both the solid
and liquid cores at such high
temperatures and pressures?

This is something no model appears able
to answer . However one thing can be certain.
The liquid core must have conductive properties
otherwise the magnetic field and its associated
properties would not be observed.
Its an interesting question though and
could probably be answered speculatively by calculating
backwards if one had all the data. First measure the
strength of the magnetic field at any point on the earths
surface and calculate what electrical current at any radius
distance from the center in the liquid core would be
neccesary to produce such an observed field strength Are there significant differences
in the electrical properties of
the two types of core and
intermediates?

This is hard to answer not having been there and
measured in situ but.. I would hypothesise that
the solid core would not display a noticeable electrical
current considering that it is the rotation and
the mechanical `shear` across the liquid core.(Ie: the
difference in rotational speeds of the outer
and inner liquid core) that I suggest induces the
electrical current.
Having said that it is implicit in my model that a heated
liquid metal can carry an electrical curent. If it couldnt
then when it is rotated it couldnt allow a dynamo effect
to occur and be observed. Neither in the earths core nor
in experiments like...
*...Generation of a Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a
Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium. R. Monchaux et al 2007
So yes there are and these differences are directly a result
of the mechanical difference between a solid and a rotating
liquid conductor. Ive explained this elsewhere by suggesting
that a electric current is not a transfer or stream of
electrons but rather a mechanical rotation of one atoms
magnetic field by another. In fact the Faraday wheel can be
explained better using this mechanical model then any
electron stream model can explain. What are the electircal properties
of the junctions between the
liquid metal core and the semisolid
magma mantle? Is magma at such
high temperatures and pressures
still going to be an insulator? *What
about magma with a high level of
liquid metal embedded in it possibly
as a metal droplet ('aerosol'?) or as
metal complexes with partially
dissolved magma impurities.

Im not familar with the constituents of surface` magma`
so I can only speculate on its properties.
Im assuming for now that the magma is the liquid
core that has penetrated and cooled partially in the
mantle to a more lumpy granular consistency. If the
magma is currently observed to be an insulator
then that must be because its not allowed to rotate
or shear due to its constricted
circumstances and... It must also be cooler and partially
solidified . More crystaline maybe then the liquid core.
This would inhibit the shear effect between freer moving
atoms in the liquid core that produces the dynamo I describe. Is magma going to be be withdrawing
electric charge from the liquid metal
core, or adding charge to it? *Are the
electrical junctions at the magma-core
boundary significant when it comes to
the earth's magnetic field? *What would
be the likely electrical and magnetic
properties of magma particles flowing
and being carried by the physical movement
of the liquid metal in the outer liquid
metal core? *Is the magma-core boundary
significant when it comes to geomagnetism?

If the magma isnt rotating then it seems likely
to me that it must act as an insulator. I m not
that familar with the differences between magma
and liquid core, but I imagine it has a more granular
consistency then the liquid core which in turn
would inhibit the shear between atoms in the
liquid core that then results in the dynamo
effect during rotation.

On a non-electrical side note, is the more
solid inner metal core generally plastic?
Would it allow the migration of heavier metal
components further toward the center.
(Effectively concentrating lead, uranium,
and the heavier metals toward the furthest
and lowest interior?)

Interesting question. I suggested in the initial post
that the solid core must have elastic properties
but that it could be elastic in the sense
that it is like larged lumped collection rather than an
`elastic` solid. I believe that papers like ..
Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06).
"Earth science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30.
doi:10.1038/35092650....suggest similar properties.
So if its solid but elastic then presumably heavier elements
would migrate through the liquid core to attach to and
`grow` the solid core. *Its hard to say if this solid
would allow elements to migrate through to the center.
Maybe a way to test this would be to heat a metal alloy
lump to a point where its soft but not liquid and then
spin it to see if any of the elements migrate within the
spinning lump.
However if the solid core is a collection of seperate fused
smaller core pieces then I think that like clothes in a washing
machine they would churn and heavy elements would be drawn in
to solidify on a solid piece of the core, churn and then maybe
be ejected or recycled over time back into the hotter
liquid core again. In this case a equilibrium would be better
maintained and the heavy metal balance between solid and
liquid core maintained.
Seanwww.gammarayburst.comhttp://www.youtube.com/profile?user=jaymoseleygrb* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * it is chemical bonds , not gravity that determines the chemical nature of the core . the core is composed of siderophiles. that is, the elements of the core bond via metallic bonds . this is further supported by density calculations that indicate a likely Fe/Ni composition. the massive elements , including the radioactive elements are oxyphiles and readily bond to O via ionic bonding. due to this they occur only in the mantle and crust . in fact the mantle can be considered as a sea of O with the rest of the elements as little more than minor pollutants .- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

Interesting points. Im not sure what the implications of this are
though. Are you suggesting that
because the massive elements (I assume heavier elements like uranium?)
are oxyphiles that
over the earths life they have tended to collect in the mantle rather
than the cores?
Sean
www.gammarayburst.com

"sean" wrote in message
...
|
| On Feb 2, 2:04 pm, "Androcles" wrote:
| "sean" wrote in message
|
| ...
| On Jan 23, 2:54 pm, "Androcles" wrote:
|
| "sean" wrote in message
|
|
...
| I have supplied a graphic explanation of the `Variable speed Core`
| model at the following url
|
| http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
|
| | Studies of the seismic record indicate that seismic waves travel
| | fastest along a north-south axis from the southern hemisphere to
| | Siberia (and more recently suggesting an easterly shift to over
| | Alaska) implying that over the the last century it appears that the
| | earths solid core is rotating in an easterly direction. The
conclusion
| | made from this data is that the earths solid inner core can be said
to
| | be rotating west to east at approximately 1 degree longtitude a year
| | faster than the mantle.(Song, Richards 2005) This implies then, that
| | relative to Earths solid inner core, the mantle and the outer part
of
| | the liquid core can be said to be moving in a westerly direction.
This
| | also implies that there must be speed gradient in the liquid core
| | across its radius (relative to the mantle), of approximately 0
degrees/
| | year near the mantle to 0.1 degreeslongtitude/year near the solid
| | core. Thus using Lenzs` law, one can predict that the larger volume
of
| | the outer part of the liquid core will induce a residual westerly
| | electrical current in the inner part of the liquid core (ie the
outer
| | liquid core moves in a westerly direction relative to the inner part
| | of the liquid core). Flemings Right Hand rule predicts this westerly
| | direction of the electrical current will in turn induce a magnetic
| | south pole near Earths geographic North Pole. Recent experiments
| | confirm this, in that a freely rotating liquid metal will generate a
| | self sustaining magnetic field without a neccesary seed magnetic
field
| | to kickstart the dynamo effect as previously thought.(Generation of
a
| | Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a Turbulent Flow of Liquid
Sodium.
| | R. Monchaux et al 2007).
| | As the seismic record shows that sound waves travel fastest across
| | earths N-S axis, this could also be consistent with the solid inner
| | core being slightly elongated in the earths N-S axis. (sound waves
| | travel fastest in a denser medium) Following from this, it can be
| | hypothesised that contrary to the speculation that the earths core
is
| | a rigid crystal, one could alternatively give the `solid` inner core
| | non rigid, or elastic properties. Observations support this
| | possibility (Andrew Jephcoat and Keith Refson (2001-09-06). "Earth
| | science: Core beliefs". Nature 413: 27-30. doi:10.1038/35092650.) If
| | so its shape could then be said to oscillate over large timescales
| | between that of elongated in the N-S axis to stretched along the
| | equatorial plane. Obviously this implies that the inner cores`
| | rotational speeds would vary between slower and faster than the
| | mantle, when the solid core goes from wider at the equator to
| | stretched at the poles respectively. The historical record of Earths
| | pole reversals and changing field strength can thus be well modeled
by
| | this variable core speed model. In that if currently it is accepted
| | that the `solid core` is stretched is the north south axis and
rotates
| | faster than the mantle then it follows that when the cores volume
| | changes shape to that of more stretched in the equatorial axis, It
| | must then be forced to slow its rotational speed and therefore
rotate
| | slower than the mantle . Not faster as currently observed. (ie the
| | core then will rotate in a westerly direction relative to the
mantle)
| | In turn this would reverse the relative motion between the inner and
| | outer parts of the liquid core (as described above)
| | and in turn reverse the induced equatorial direction of the induced
| | electrical current which would then reverse the direction of earths
| | induced magnetic field from N-S to S-N. THis is observed in the
| | historical seismic record.
| | The current weakening of Earths magnetic field must then be due to
the
| | solid cores` rotational speed slowing relative to the mantle. In
other
| | words if it is assumed that currently the core is observed to be
| | travelling faster than the mantle in an easterly direction at 0.1
| | longitude per year than that rate must have been faster in the past
| | and will be slower in the future. This can only be explained if it
is
| | assumed that the `solid` core itself is becoming less stretched in
the
| | N-S axis and tending towards becoming stretched in the equatorial
| | axis.
| | To explain the observed off axis magnetic North pole using this
| | `variable core speed model` one can again refer to the seismic
record
| | which shows that the axis of anisotropy, corresponding to the
fastest
| | direction for seismic waves, tilts about 10 degrees from the Earth's
N-
| | S axis of rotation, towards Siberia. From this data one can
interpret
| | that the inner core not only could be `stretched` in the N-S axis
but
| | also be physically tilted 10 degrees off axis towards Siberia as it
| | rotates within the earths core. In effect while it is rotating
faster
| | than the mantle, its axis of mass is also tilted off center by 10
| | degrees and stretched slightly in the N-S axis. This will in turn
| | effect the equatorial rotation of the liquid inner core which acts
as
| | a boundary between the mantle and the solid inner core. Modeling the
| | liquid core flow is always speculative for any model, but it is not
| | unreasonable to assume that a 10 degree off axis solid core that
| | rotates around its N-S center of mass could create a flow in the
inner
| | part of the liquid core that was also tilted in an equal but
opposite
| | 10 degrees `off axis` in the equatorial plane. Resulting in an equal
| | and opposite tilt in the induced magnetic North pole of 10 degrees
| | towards the Arctic, using Lenz and Fleming as described previously.
| | This predicted tilt in the magnetic pole towards the arctic is
| | consistent with observation. As is the prediction that the axis of
the
| | solid core is tilted towards Siberia.
| | The final element is to explain the northerly drift of the magnetic
| | North pole. There is insufficient seismic data to confirm or refute
| | this prediction but the variable core speed model presented in this
| | paper predicts that this would be due to an equal northerly drift of
| | the solid inner cores rotational axis from more than 10 degrees off
| | axis as currently observed to one that will be tilted by 0 degrees,
or
| | directly N-S. In other words if the solid core is said to be
currently
| | rotating tilted by 10 degrees off axis and this induces a off axis
| | electrical current and off axis magnetic pole. Then a solid core
that
| | is aligned to earths geographic N-S axis as it rotates will generate
| | no off axis electrical current and therefore no off axis magnetic
| | field. In other words the cores volume is stretched in the N-S axis
| | and tilted by 10 degrees but is changing shape as it rotates so that
| | its N-S stretch is tending towards 0 degrees. In fact it would be
more
| | correct to say that its nvolume is changing from stretched 10
degrees
| | off axis to not stretched in either the N-S or equatorial axis. This
| | would be in line with a slowing down of the solid cores rotational
| | speed as seen in the observed weakening of the overal magnetic
field.
| | (The variable speed core model predicts that when the core is
| | perfectly circular in volume it rotational speed relative to the
| | mantle will be the same as the mantle ,ie 0 degrees per year. And
*no*
| | magnetic field will be generated)
| | The conclusion this `variable speed core` model makes is that all
the
| | combined observations of earths core and magnetic field indicate
that
| | the solid core is currently stretched in the N-s axis, tilted off
| | center by 10 degrees and rotating faster than the mantle in an
| | easterly direction by 0.1 degrees per year. But also observations
| | indicate that it must be slowing down, relative to the mantle,
tilting
| | its axis more towards earths vertical N-S geographical axis, and
most
| | likely becoming less stretched in the N-S axis.
| |
| | Sean
| | see this url for an accompanying graphic explanation of the variable
| | speed core model...
| |http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
| |www.gammarayburst.com
|
| You sure went to a lot of work and are to be congratulated on
| the pretty pictures, but sadly this motor rotates in either
| direction when the brushes are vertically
| aligned:http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63375&rendTypeId=4
| and you do not have any brushes.
|
| | Why do I need brushes in my model.
|
| Why do you need a question mark at the end of that statement?
| You need the brushes to connect the induced current in the coil
| to the rest of the circuit in a normal setup but..
| The circuit in the liquid core I describe is self contained.
| It doesnt need to be connected to itself. For instance in a
| dynamo ,.. does the coil that spins in the magnetic field need to
| be attached to itself ? No. It only needs brushes if you want
| to attach the rotating coil to an outside circuit. THink of the
| earths rotating liquid core as a coil that isnt attached to an
| outside circuit. Why do I need brushes? Im not suggesting the
| current in the core needs to be attached to any circuit outside the
| core.If I did ... THEN I would need brushes. But I dont so I
| dont need to specify brushes.
| | The liquid core is connected
| | to itself.
|
| So is the rotor in an AC induction motor, but the magnetic
| field reverses 50 times a second (60 in the USA). The Earth's
| magnetic field is DC.
| The earths core is not an ac motor nor does it resemble
| one. Whatever gave you that idea.?
| I certainly never said it resembled an AC induction motor.
| | The current flows around it and doesnt need to be
| | connected to anywhere else by brushes .
|
| The problem with that idea is resistance.
| Is the Earth's core a superconductor?
| No. Otherwise the eraths magnetic field would be tremendously
| powerful. Nonetheless it conducts at least on a residual
| basis. We have the observations of the earths field to
| attest to this. AND,.. the observations that a rotating liquid
| metal will without outside input generate an electromagnetic
| field
| | And you havent made it clear why your diagram proves
| | that Lenzs law is incorrect.
|
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz's_law
| (wiki)..."The direction of the induced current depends on
| whether the north or south pole of the magnet is
| approaching: an approaching north pole will produce an
| anti-clockwise current (from the perspective of the
| magnet), and south pole approaching the coil will produce
| a clockwise current..."
| Yes I concede this point to you although wiki doesnt mention
| that reversing the motion of the conductor still reverses
| the induced magnetic field. Thats the main point my
| model was stating and it still stands.
| And rather than parralel, as Ive suggested previously,
| the liquid core induces a current at right angles to
| its motion. From core to mantle. I think Ill have to
| change my simulation at..
| http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiCBrXKIH_0
| To one that has the current direction from core to mantle
| rather than rotating around the core.
| Nonettheless when the direction of the motion reverses the
| induced field still reverses. This is whats observed and means
| my model is still consistent with the observations and with
| Lenz and Fleming.
| I think essentially this is similar to what
| happens in the faraday wheel? The field is at right angles
| to the current and motion. And the motion is at right
| angles to the field and current.
| What earths core shows us and what...R. Monchaux et al
| (Generation of a Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a
| Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium 2007)...
| confirm is that where a liquid faraday wheel rotates ..the shear
| of the atoms motion across the radius of the rotating liquid
| supplies the induced current which in turn induces the magnetic
| field. In other words a liquid faraday wheel can induce its own
| field as long as force is supplied through rotation,without
| neccesitating an applied external magnetic field. I know
| you wont like this but the fact is that this theoretical premise
| I suggest is confirmed by R Monchaux et al. If I was wrong
| then they would not have observed a roating liquid conductor
| generate and sustain a magnetic field without any external
| applied emf.
| | As far as Im aware an electrical
| | current always flows in the direction of the motion of the magnetic
| | field.
|
| I'll change the batteries in my fridge magnets then. My grocery list
| must be about to fall on the floor, I haven't changed them in years.
| Did I ever say that your permanent magnet wasnt permanent?
| No. You imagine facts .I never even mentioned permanent magnets
| or whether or not they are permanent or not.
| | At least thats what my reference indicates. For instance
| | if you have a solenoid arranged so that it is vertical on a
| | desk. If you then move
|
| Move? What's this about "move"?
| I don't move my fridge magnets very much. When I do
| then I create a small current in the door, but no current
| without movement.
| Exactly as I was saying. If you move your magnet,..
| you create a small current.


First you need a magnet to move.


| What makes you think that when
| I say.."a moving magnet induces a current""
| I actually mean .." a moving magnet does not induce
| a current".. ??!

I didn't think it or say it.
What makes you think you can pick yourself up by your bootstraps,
or the Earth's magnetic field is caused by currents which are induced
by the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field which is caused by currents which cause
the Earth's magnetic field ?



| | a magnet south pole first downwards
| | into the top end,. the current in the solenoid
| | flows from top to bottom. The same occurs if the magnet
| | is reversed so that its north pole enters the top end of
| | the solenoid first and moves downwards.
| | But if you move the magnet either north or south pole first
| | upwards from the bottom of the solenoid then the current is
| | reversed in the solenoid. This is what any reference claims
| | is observed. It is this effect that I use to explain
| | how the current is induced in the liquid core.
|
| Yes, but the solenoid doesn't induce any voltage without you
| applying a force to make it move.


| Well Im glad you agree with me now that a moving magnet
| will induce a current.

I've known how generators work since I as a teenager riding
a bicycle with lamps to light.


| So what is the force that rotates the core relative
| to the mantle?

| First of all it is accepted by the scientific
| community that the earths core DOES rotate relative to the mantle

Second of all it is NOT accepted by the scientific community
that the Earth's core rotates relative to the mantle, you made that up.

What is the force that rotates the core relative to the mantle?


| Ive cited one source in my initial post to clarify that its
| not me imagining this.Here it is again..
| Song, Richards 2005 Check it out on google .

No. Either a give me a specific reference or shut up, I'm
not doing research on songs.



| So Ive responded to this observed fact

No you haven't and there is no observed fact. Answer the question.

What is the force that rotates the core relative to the mantle?