On Aug 30, 1:12 am, Margo Schulter wrote:
oriel36 wrote:
Copernicus and Kepler did not have telescopes to admire these
brilliant heliocentric events and they relied on the faster Earth
overtaking the slower moving outer planets to infer the Earth's
orbital motion between Venus and Mars around the central star -

Hi, there, and just to clarify a point as to observational
techniques that could be of interest to s.a.a.: Kepler indeed
based his theories of planetary motion on the naked eye
observations of Tycho Brahe. If I'm correct, he published
his first formulations around 1609, the same year that the
telescope was coming into astronomical use. Later on, of
course, Kepler _did_ use telescopes, and if I'm correct
designed a Keplerian type of refractor.

Thus, if I understand correctly, it is quite right to say
that Kepler formulated his theories before the telescope
came into astronomical use and he became one of its users
and designers.

Most appreciatively,

Margo Schulter

Lat. 38.566 Long. -121.430

You are learning from an astronomer rather than getting your
information about Kepler and his discoveries via the empirical cult
and specifically Newton's awful use of Keplerian
insights.Technically,if you wish to discover where Newton jumped the
tracks you listen intently to what Kepler has to say,then you look at
the technical mistake of Newton.

Do you clearly understand what is goin on in the diagram on page 86 -

http://mitpress.mit.edu/journals/pdf/POSC_13_1_74_0.pdf

Let me help you along -

"Copernicus, by attributing a single annual motion to the earth,
entirely rids the planets of these extremely intricate coils [spiris],
leading the individual planets into their respective orbits
[orbitas],quite bare and very nearly circular. In the period of time
shown in the diagram, Mars traverses one and the same orbit as many
times as the 'garlands' [corollas] you see looped towards the
centre,with one extra, making nine times, while at the same time the
Earth repeats its circle sixteen times " Astronomia Nova 1609 Kepler

Do you clearly and I mean clearly understand how retrogrades are
resolved using orbital comparisons and from there to the Keplerian
orbital refinement such as a less than circular orbit.

Do you clearly understand what is badly wrong with Newton's worthless
view of and resolution of retrogrades based on his misintepretation
of that diagram of page 86 -

" For to the earth planetary motions appear sometimes direct,
sometimes stationary, nay, and sometimes retrograde But from the sun
they are always seen direct ," Newton

Poor Isaac,thought if you replaced the Earth with the Sun at the
center of the diagram that retrogrades disappear or rather the poor
fools who followed Isaac in this careless belief.Perhaps there is a
severe reading disability in that you cannot read what Kepler is
saying -

"Mars traverses one and the same orbit as many times as the
'garlands' [corollas] you see looped towards the centre,with one
extra, making nine times, while at the same time the Earth repeats its
circle sixteen times " Astronomia Nova 1609 Kepler



Let me guess,you never seen the Panis Quadragesimalis of Kepler
before,a representation which plots the motion of Mars against the
stellar background and then compares those plotted positions for Mars
with the orbital cycles of the Earth.Of course,you are an astrologer
and paste planetary motion to celestial sphere geometry via the Ra/Dec
system so Newton could justify the old calendrically based
'predictive' system for planetary location.