Andrew Yee
September 15th 05, 01:16 AM
National Space Biomedical Research Institute
Houston, Texas
Contact:
Lauren Hammit, 713-798-7595
September 14, 2005
Space Cycle tests artificial gravity as solution to muscle loss
A bike-like centrifuge that creates artificial gravity may help astronauts
combat muscle atrophy in space. Through a study at the University of
California, Irvine, the National Space Biomedical Research Institute
(NSBRI) is exploring the concept of a Space Cycle for inflight
resistance-training exercise.
"Even with onboard exercise, astronauts face the risk of losing muscle
mass and function because their muscles are not bearing enough weight, or
load," said Dr. Vincent J. Caiozzo, investigator on NSBRI's Muscle
Alterations and Atrophy Team. "For exploration, it is important to find
ways to increase load-bearing activity so astronauts can maintain
strength."
Caiozzo's team is researching whether squats executed under artificial
gravity conditions greater than or equal to Earth gravity (1g) produce the
same kind of muscle responses that occur when a person performs weight
training on Earth.
With long-term initiatives like the International Space Station and the
proposed lunar and Mars missions, the rate of muscle loss in some areas
might rise to 25 percent unless measures are taken to confront atrophy.
The loss of muscle strength during an extended mission could pose dramatic
problems in the event of an emergency situation upon landing.
The Space Cycle, a human-powered centrifuge under testing in Caiozzo's
lab, generates various levels of artificial gravity ranging from Earth
gravity to five times Earth's gravity. The speed of rotation determines
the level of gravitational force.
Participants ride opposite one another -- one on a bike and one on a
platform. As one person pedals, the cycle moves in a circular motion
around a centralized pole. The motion generates pressure on the rider,
forcing him against the seat in a manner similar to the effect of gravity
on Earth. On the platform, the other person performs squat exercises.
Instruments on the device report the separate work rates of the
participants.
Caiozzo's team is determining the Space Cycle's effectiveness by comparing
the participants' pre- and post-study muscle mass and strength, muscle
fiber cross-sections from biopsies, and various cellular and molecular
markers of growth.
"The novelty of artificial gravity resistance training is that each
element of the body is loaded proportionally. Leg muscles can be made to
work against high loads without the need for external weights, which is
important in light of the limited mass and space available on missions,"
said Caiozzo, professor in the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Physiology and Biophysics at UC Irvine.
In collaboration with Caiozzo, UC Irvine researchers Dr. Joyce Keyak and
Dr. Jim Hicks are gathering data from the participants to determine
whether the Space Cycle is also effective in maintaining bone mass and
cardiovascular fitness.
"Space Cycle is an artificial gravity exercise gym," Caiozzo said. "The
platform can be fitted with a treadmill, bike or any kind of exercise
equipment and provides an environment for exercise under normal,
Earth-like loading conditions."
NSBRI, funded by NASA, is a consortium of institutions studying the health
risks related to long-duration space flight. The Institute's research and
education projects take place at more than 70 institutions across the
United States.
Related video and photos are available at:
http://www.nsbri.org/NewsPublicOut/20050914.html
Houston, Texas
Contact:
Lauren Hammit, 713-798-7595
September 14, 2005
Space Cycle tests artificial gravity as solution to muscle loss
A bike-like centrifuge that creates artificial gravity may help astronauts
combat muscle atrophy in space. Through a study at the University of
California, Irvine, the National Space Biomedical Research Institute
(NSBRI) is exploring the concept of a Space Cycle for inflight
resistance-training exercise.
"Even with onboard exercise, astronauts face the risk of losing muscle
mass and function because their muscles are not bearing enough weight, or
load," said Dr. Vincent J. Caiozzo, investigator on NSBRI's Muscle
Alterations and Atrophy Team. "For exploration, it is important to find
ways to increase load-bearing activity so astronauts can maintain
strength."
Caiozzo's team is researching whether squats executed under artificial
gravity conditions greater than or equal to Earth gravity (1g) produce the
same kind of muscle responses that occur when a person performs weight
training on Earth.
With long-term initiatives like the International Space Station and the
proposed lunar and Mars missions, the rate of muscle loss in some areas
might rise to 25 percent unless measures are taken to confront atrophy.
The loss of muscle strength during an extended mission could pose dramatic
problems in the event of an emergency situation upon landing.
The Space Cycle, a human-powered centrifuge under testing in Caiozzo's
lab, generates various levels of artificial gravity ranging from Earth
gravity to five times Earth's gravity. The speed of rotation determines
the level of gravitational force.
Participants ride opposite one another -- one on a bike and one on a
platform. As one person pedals, the cycle moves in a circular motion
around a centralized pole. The motion generates pressure on the rider,
forcing him against the seat in a manner similar to the effect of gravity
on Earth. On the platform, the other person performs squat exercises.
Instruments on the device report the separate work rates of the
participants.
Caiozzo's team is determining the Space Cycle's effectiveness by comparing
the participants' pre- and post-study muscle mass and strength, muscle
fiber cross-sections from biopsies, and various cellular and molecular
markers of growth.
"The novelty of artificial gravity resistance training is that each
element of the body is loaded proportionally. Leg muscles can be made to
work against high loads without the need for external weights, which is
important in light of the limited mass and space available on missions,"
said Caiozzo, professor in the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Physiology and Biophysics at UC Irvine.
In collaboration with Caiozzo, UC Irvine researchers Dr. Joyce Keyak and
Dr. Jim Hicks are gathering data from the participants to determine
whether the Space Cycle is also effective in maintaining bone mass and
cardiovascular fitness.
"Space Cycle is an artificial gravity exercise gym," Caiozzo said. "The
platform can be fitted with a treadmill, bike or any kind of exercise
equipment and provides an environment for exercise under normal,
Earth-like loading conditions."
NSBRI, funded by NASA, is a consortium of institutions studying the health
risks related to long-duration space flight. The Institute's research and
education projects take place at more than 70 institutions across the
United States.
Related video and photos are available at:
http://www.nsbri.org/NewsPublicOut/20050914.html