Andrew Yee[_1_]
April 5th 11, 02:08 AM
ESA News
http://www.esa.int
4 April 2011
Record loss of ozone over Arctic
ESA's Envisat satellite has measured record low levels of ozone over the
Euro-Atlantic sector of the northern hemisphere during March.
This record low was caused by unusually strong winds, known as the polar
vortex, which isolated the atmospheric mass over the North Pole and
prevented it from mixing with air in the mid-latitudes.
This led to very low temperatures and created conditions similar to those
that occur every southern hemisphere winter over the Antarctic.
As March sunlight hit this cold air mass it released chlorine and bromine
atoms -- ozone-destroying gases that originate from chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) and break ozone down into individual oxygen molecules --
predominantly in the lower stratosphere, around 20 km above the surface.
Ozone is a protective atmospheric layer found at around 25 km altitude that
acts as a sunlight filter shielding life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet
rays, which can harm marine life and increase the risk of skin cancer and
cataracts.
Stratospheric temperatures in the Arctic show strong variations from winter
to winter. Last year, temperatures and ozone above the Arctic were very
high. The last unusually low stratospheric temperatures over the North Pole
were recorded in 1997.
Scientists are investigating why the 2011 and 1997 Arctic winters were so
cold and whether these random events are statistically linked to global
climate change.
"In a changing climate, it is expected that on average stratospheric
temperatures cool, which means more chemical ozone depletion will occur,"
said Mark Weber from the University of Bremen.
"On the other hand, many studies show that the stratospheric circulation in
the northern hemisphere may be enhanced in the future and, consequently,
more ozone will be transported from the tropics into high latitudes and
reduce ozone depletion."
Answering this question requires more research on ozone modelling and ozone
trend monitoring, which is only possible because of the historic satellite
data on record. ESA's Climate Change Initiative Programme has a project
dedicated to this research.
"Measurements from the Envisat's Sciamachy, MIPAS and GOMOS instruments are
providing unique ozone information that is important in enabling scientists
to separate chemical and dynamical changes and helping to identify the
influence of climate change on the stratosphere. It is, therefore, essential
to keep these instruments measuring for as long as possible," said Weber.
Banned under the Montreal Protocol, CFCs have still not vanished from the
air but are on the decline. Nevertheless, strong chemical ozone depletion
will continue to occur in the coming decades during unusually cold Arctic
winters.
[NOTE: Images and weblinks supporting this release are available at
http://www.esa.int/esaEO/SEMIF24SZLG_index_1.html ]
http://www.esa.int
4 April 2011
Record loss of ozone over Arctic
ESA's Envisat satellite has measured record low levels of ozone over the
Euro-Atlantic sector of the northern hemisphere during March.
This record low was caused by unusually strong winds, known as the polar
vortex, which isolated the atmospheric mass over the North Pole and
prevented it from mixing with air in the mid-latitudes.
This led to very low temperatures and created conditions similar to those
that occur every southern hemisphere winter over the Antarctic.
As March sunlight hit this cold air mass it released chlorine and bromine
atoms -- ozone-destroying gases that originate from chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) and break ozone down into individual oxygen molecules --
predominantly in the lower stratosphere, around 20 km above the surface.
Ozone is a protective atmospheric layer found at around 25 km altitude that
acts as a sunlight filter shielding life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet
rays, which can harm marine life and increase the risk of skin cancer and
cataracts.
Stratospheric temperatures in the Arctic show strong variations from winter
to winter. Last year, temperatures and ozone above the Arctic were very
high. The last unusually low stratospheric temperatures over the North Pole
were recorded in 1997.
Scientists are investigating why the 2011 and 1997 Arctic winters were so
cold and whether these random events are statistically linked to global
climate change.
"In a changing climate, it is expected that on average stratospheric
temperatures cool, which means more chemical ozone depletion will occur,"
said Mark Weber from the University of Bremen.
"On the other hand, many studies show that the stratospheric circulation in
the northern hemisphere may be enhanced in the future and, consequently,
more ozone will be transported from the tropics into high latitudes and
reduce ozone depletion."
Answering this question requires more research on ozone modelling and ozone
trend monitoring, which is only possible because of the historic satellite
data on record. ESA's Climate Change Initiative Programme has a project
dedicated to this research.
"Measurements from the Envisat's Sciamachy, MIPAS and GOMOS instruments are
providing unique ozone information that is important in enabling scientists
to separate chemical and dynamical changes and helping to identify the
influence of climate change on the stratosphere. It is, therefore, essential
to keep these instruments measuring for as long as possible," said Weber.
Banned under the Montreal Protocol, CFCs have still not vanished from the
air but are on the decline. Nevertheless, strong chemical ozone depletion
will continue to occur in the coming decades during unusually cold Arctic
winters.
[NOTE: Images and weblinks supporting this release are available at
http://www.esa.int/esaEO/SEMIF24SZLG_index_1.html ]