Mars: Liquid Surface Water Evidence

http://www.scireview.de/mars/
Here main part of the intro but without marked links to image-pages:


Evidence for Liquid Surface Water on Mars

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One indication of near surface liquid water are the so called
pseudocraters, rootless cones created by explosive steam vents.
They are common in some areas of Mars and a recent study of
pseudocraters indicates their creation in present geological
time ( 10 million years) through lava / water interaction up
to 10 meters below the ground [3]. At least one MGS image (AB103104)
seems to show such a venting, but on a rather small and less violent
scale. Here the eruption plume is associated with a black streak
area. Such black streaks were long suspected in relation with water
[4]. The dark color could be the chemical response of the UV activated
martian soil to water.

All MOC images from Aerobraking-1 (AB1), Science Phasing-1 (SP1) and 2
(SP2) and High-Gain Antenna Images (fha) stored at IDA and MSSS were
screened regarding:

1.0 Unusual black streaks
1.1 Unusual albedo situations perhaps related to black streaks
1.2 Black streaks related to possible ponds
Contrary to public opinion, some areas of Mars have today the pressure
and temperature range to allow stable liquid water [5]. But no lakes have
been observed in these regions. Therefore any pond could only be temporary
and should be dark colored according the black streak / water hypothesis.


2. Evaporites

Any water from subsurface Mars is probably very salty. As it evaporates
the salt will remain and accumulate over time to evaporite structures.
Complex evaporite structures are rather rare on Earth, but seem to be
very common on Mars. If the source is a single hole, a cone-like structure
will evolve. If the source is a crack line, a ridge evolves. Two crossing
cracks like an X will create a four-sided pyramid, and so on. It seems
possible that evaporites created most types of geometrical and irregular
structure on Mars.

2.1 Evaporites related to flow phenomena and ridges
2.2 Evaporites at crater rims
2.3 Evaporites in crater center
2.4 Evaporites burying craters


3. Additional THEMIS Evidence

3.1 The cloud pillars of Arabia
3.2 A northern Meridiani venting site
3.3 A northern Noachis venting site

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