THE FUTILE WRESTLING OF ALBERT EINSTEIN

http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/...relativity.htm
John Stachel: "But here he ran into the most blatant-seeming contradiction, which I mentioned earlier when first discussing the two principles. As noted then, the Maxwell-Lorentz equations imply that there exists (at least) one inertial frame in which the speed of light is a constant regardless of the motion of the light source. Einstein's version of the relativity principle (minus the ether) requires that, if this is true for one inertial frame, it must be true for all inertial frames. But this seems to be nonsense. How can it happen that the speed of light relative to an observer cannot be increased or decreased if that observer moves towards or away from a light beam? Einstein states that he wrestled with this problem over a lengthy period of time, to the point of despair. We have no details of this struggle, unfortunately. Finally, after a day spent wrestling once more with the problem in the company of his friend and patent office colleague Michele Besso, the only person thanked in the 1905 SRT paper, there came a moment of crucial insight. In all of his struggles with the emission theory as well as with Lorentz's theory, he had been assuming that the ordinary Newtonian law of addition of velocities was unproblematic. It is this law of addition of velocities that allows one to "prove" that, if the velocity of light is constant with respect to one inertial frame, it cannot be constant with respect to any other inertial frame moving with respect to the first. It suddenly dawned on Einstein that this "obvious" law was based on certain assumptions about the nature of time..."

Einstein procrusteanized time (nowadays dying physical science is desperately trying to get rid of the malignant "relative" time) and yet he did not manage to show that "the speed of light relative to an observer cannot be increased or decreased if that observer moves towards or away from a light beam". If a light source emits a series of pulses the distance between which is d (e.g. d=300000 km), then a stationary observer measures the frequency of the pulses to be:

f = c/d

an observer moving with speed v towards the source measures the frequency of the pulses to be:

f' = (c + v)/d

and an observer moving with speed v away from the source measures the frequency of the pulses to be:

f' = (c - v)/d

Such frequency shifts can only be measured if the speed of the pulses relative to the observer varies with the speed of the observer in accordance with the equation:

c' = c ± v

in violation of special relativity. In other words, the shift in the speed of light, c'=c±v, is the cause of the shift in frequency, f'=c'/d=(c±v)/d.

There is no reasonable assumption different from c'=c±v that entails the frequency shift f'=(c±v)/d.

Pentcho Valev

Today's Einsteinians are also unable to show that "the speed of light relative to an observer cannot be increased or decreased if that observer moves towards or away from a light beam":

http://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/doppler
Albert Einstein Institute: "The frequency of a wave-like signal - such as sound or light - depends on the movement of the sender and of the receiver. This is known as the Doppler effect. (...) In the above paragraphs, we have only considered moving sources. In fact, a closer look at cases where it is the receiver that is in motion will show that this kind of motion leads to a very similar kind of Doppler effect. Here is an animation of the receiver moving towards the source: (...) By observing the two indicator lights, you can see for yourself that, once more, there is a blue-shift - the pulse frequency measured at the receiver is somewhat higher than the frequency with which the pulses are sent out. This time, THE DISTANCES BETWEEN SUBSEQUENT PULSES ARE NOT AFFECTED, but still there is a frequency shift: As the receiver moves towards each pulse, the time until pulse and receiver meet up is shortened. In this particular animation, which has the receiver moving towards the source at one third the speed of the pulses themselves, four pulses are received in the time it takes the source to emit three pulses."

"Four pulses are received in the time it takes the source to emit three pulses" means that, in time t, a stationary (with respect to the source) observer travels a distance of 3d along the light wave while the observer/receiver moving at (1/3)c travels a distance of 4d along the light wave, where d is the distance between subsequent pulses ("THE DISTANCES BETWEEN SUBSEQUENT PULSES ARE NOT AFFECTED"). Then, if c=3d/t is the speed of light relative to the stationary observer, c'=4d/t=(4/3)c is the speed of light relative to the moving observer/receiver. Einstein's relativity is refuted.

The relativistic corrections change essentially nothing. The speed of the receiver is (1/3)c so gamma is 1.05. This means that, if the relativistic corrections are taken into account, c'=(1.05)(4/3)c. Einstein's relativity is even more refuted.

Pentcho Valev

Even the University College London are unable to show that "the speed of light relative to an observer cannot be increased or decreased if that observer moves towards or away from a light beam":

http://www.cmmp.ucl.ac.uk/~ahh/teach...24n/lect19.pdf
Tony Harker, University College London: "The Doppler Effect: Moving sources and receivers. The phenomena which occur when a source of sound is in motion are well known. The example which is usually cited is the change in pitch of the engine of a moving vehicle as it approaches. In our treatment we shall not specify the type of wave motion involved, and our results will be applicable to sound or to light. (...) Now suppose that the observer is moving with a velocity Vo away from the source. (....) If the observer moves with a speed Vo away from the source (...), then in a time t the number of waves which reach the observer are those in a distance (c-Vo)t, so the number of waves observed is (c-Vo)t/lambda, giving an observed frequency f'=f(1-Vo/c) when the observer is moving away from the source at a speed Vo."

If "in a time t the number of waves which reach the observer are those in a distance (c-Vo)t", then the speed of the light waves relative to the observer is:

c' = ((c - Vo)t)/t = c - Vo

in violation of special relativity. The relativistic corrections do not change essentially this conclusion - c' remains different from c. If Vo is small enough, the relativistic corrections are negligible and both f'=f(1-Vo/c) and c'=c-Vo are virtually exact formulas.

Pentcho Valev