New evidence for a Dark Matter Galaxy (Forwarded)

Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council
Swindon, U.K.

FOR RELEASE: Thursday January 12, 2006 9:20 AM EST

New evidence for a Dark Matter Galaxy

New evidence that VIRGOHI 21, a mysterious cloud of hydrogen in the Virgo
Cluster 50 million light-years from the Earth, is a Dark Galaxy, emitting
no starlight, was presented today at the American Astronomical Society
meeting in Washington, D.C. by an international team led by astronomers
from the National Science Foundation's Arecibo Observatory and from
Cardiff University in the United Kingdom. Their results not only indicate
the presence of a dark galaxy but also explain the long-standing mystery
of its strangely stretched neighbour.

The new observations, made with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope
in the Netherlands, show that the hydrogen gas in VIRGOHI 21 appears to be
rotating, implying a dark galaxy with over ten billion times the mass of
the Sun. Only one percent of this mass has been detected as neutral
hydrogen -- the rest appears to be dark matter.

But this is not all that the new data reveal. The results may also solve a
long-standing puzzle about another nearby galaxy. NGC 4254 is lopsided,
with one spiral arm much larger than the rest. This is usually caused by
the influence of a companion galaxy, but none could be found until now --
the team thinks VIRGOHI 21 is the culprit. Dr. Robert Minchin of Arecibo
Observatory says: "The Dark Galaxy theory explains both the observations
of VIRGOHI 21 and the mystery of NGC 4254."

Gas from NGC 4254 is being torn away by the dark galaxy, forming a
temporary link between the two and stretching the arm of the spiral
galaxy. As the VIRGOH1 21 moves on, the two will separate and NGC 4254's
unusual arm will relax back to match its partner.

The team have looked at many other possible explanations, but have found
that only the Dark Galaxy theory can explain all of the observations. As
Professor Mike Disney of Cardiff University puts it, "The new observations
make it even harder to escape the conclusion that VIRGOHI 21 is a Dark
Galaxy."

The team hope that this will be the first of many such finds. "We're going
to be searching for more Dark Galaxies with the new ALFA instrument at
Arecibo Observatory," explains Dr. Jon Davies of Cardiff University. "We
hope to find many more over the next few years -- this is a very exciting
time!"

NOTES FOR EDITORS:

Results published in 2005 first suggested that VIRGOH1 21 is a dark matter
galaxy. For more information see press release at
http://www.pparc.ac.uk/Nw/dark_galaxy.asp

1. The following images will be available on the web in a variety of sizes
up to 6 inches at 300 dpi from http://www2.naic.edu/~rminchin/press/ as
soon as the embargo expires on Thursday January 12, 2006 9:20 AM EST or
click on the small versions below for a higher resolution version.

2. Arecibo Observatory is part of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere
Center, which is operated by Cornell University under a cooperative
agreement with the National Science Foundation

3. The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is operated by ASTRON
(Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy) with support from the
Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO).

4. The scientific paper "High resolution HI imaging of VIRGOHI 21 -- a
dark galaxy in the Virgo Cluster" was presented on 12th January 2006 at
the 207th meeting of the American Astronomical Society held in Washington,
D. C. Authors are Robert Minchin (Arecibo Observatory), Jon Davies, Mike
Disney (Cardiff University), Andy Marble, Chris Impey (Steward
Observatory), Peter Boyce, Diego Garcia, Marco Grossi (Cardiff
University), Chris Jordan (Jodrell Bank Observatory), Hugh Lang, Sarah
Roberts (Cardiff University), Sabina Sabatini (Osservatorio Astronomico di
Roma), and Wim van Driel (Observatoire de Paris).

5. For an interview or further technical comment please contact:

Dr. Robert Minchin, Arecibo Observatory
Tel: ++1-787-878-2612 ext. 283 (contact through AAS during the meeting)

Dr. Jon Davies, Cardiff University
Tel: ++44-(0)29-20-875255

Julia Maddock, PPARC Press Office
Tel +44 1793 442094

About PPARC,
http://www.pparc.ac.uk/ap/intro.asp

IMAGE CAPTIONS:

[Image 1:
http://www.pparc.ac.uk/Nw/Image_1_300dpi.jpg (480KB)]
Dark Galaxy VIRGOHI 21 has no starlight but radio waves from neutral
hydrogen betray its existence. The contours superimposed on this optical
image indicate how much gas was detected. This material was presented to
the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington, D. C. on January
12, 2006.

CREDIT: Arecibo Observatory / Cardiff University / Isaac Newton Telescope
/ Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope.

[Image 2:
http://www.pparc.ac.uk/Nw/Image_2_300dpi.jpg (369KB)]
Neutral hydrogen gas streams between NGC 4254 (top left) and the Dark
Galaxy VIRGOH1 21 (centre right) in this image made from radio telescope
observations at a wavelength of 21 centimetres. This interaction could
explain the mystery of NGC 4254's peculiar lopsided shape. To the bottom
left, a ring of gas can be seen around the galaxy NGC 4262. This material
was presented to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington,
D. C. on January 12, 2006.

CREDIT: Arecibo Observatory / Cardiff University / Westerbork Synthesis
Radio Telescope.