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CLAUSIUS ZOMBIE WORLD IS MORE FUNDAMENTAL THAN EINSTEIN ZOMBIE WORLD
http://www.physorg.com/news139830010.html
"As humans, we have a very intuitive concept of time, and of the differences between the past, present, and future. But, as scientists Edward Feng of the University of California, Berkeley, and Gavin Crooks of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory point out, science does not provide a clear definition of time. “In our everyday lives we have the sense that time flows inexorably from the past into the future; water flows downhill; mountains erode; we are born, grow old, and die; we anticipate the future but remember the past,” the scientists write in a recent study in Physical Review Letters. “Yet almost all of the fundamental theories of physics – classical mechanics, electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, general relativity, and so on – are symmetric with respect to time reversal. “The only fundamental theory that picks out a preferred direction of time is the second law of thermodynamics, which asserts that the entropy of the Universe increases as time flows toward the future. This provides an orientation, or arrow of time, and it is generally believed that all other time asymmetries, such as our sense that future and past are different, are a direct consequence of this thermodynamic arrow.” http://www.beilstein-institut.de/boz...nishBowden.htm Athel Cornish-Bowden: "The concept of entropy was introduced to thermodynamics by Clausius, who deliberately chose an obscure term for it, wanting a word based on Greek roots that would sound similar to "energy". In this way he hoped to have a word that would mean the same to everyone regardless of their language, and, as Cooper [2] remarked, he succeeded in this way in finding a word that meant the same to everyone: NOTHING. From the beginning it proved a very difficult concept for other thermodynamicists, even including such accomplished mathematicians as Kelvin and Maxwell; Kelvin, indeed, despite his own major contributions to the subject, never appreciated the idea of entropy [3]. The difficulties that Clausius created have continued to the present day, with the result that a fundamental idea that is absolutely necessary for understanding the theory of chemical equilibria continues to give trouble, not only to students but also to scientists who need the concept for their work." http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00000313/ Jos Uffink: "The historian of science and mathematician Truesdell made a detailed study of the historical development of thermodynamics in the period 1822-1854. He characterises the theory, even in its present state, as 'a dismal swamp of obscurity' (1980, p. 6) and 'a prime example to show that physicists are not exempt from the madness of crowds' (ibid. p. 8) ...Clausius' verbal statement of the second law makes no sense...All that remains is a Mosaic prohibition; a century of philosophers and journalists have acclaimed this commandment; a century of mathematicians have shuddered and averted their eyes from the unclean... Seven times in the past thirty years have I tried to follow the argument Clausius offers... and seven times has it blanked and gravelled me... I cannot explain what I cannot understand....This summary leads to the question whether it is fruitful to see irreversibility or time-asymmetry as the essence of the second law. Is it not more straightforward, in view of the unargued statements of Kelvin, the bold claims of Clausius and the strained attempts of Planck, to give up this idea? I believe that Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa was right in her verdict that the discussion about the arrow of time as expressed in the second law of the thermodynamics is actually a RED HERRING." http://www.worldscibooks.com/popsci/...61_preface.pdf Arieh Ben-Naim: "I waited patiently to ask something, though I was not sure what the question would be. What is this thing called entropy and why does it always increase? Is it something we can see, touch or feel with any of our senses? Upon finishing her exposition, the lecturer interjected, “If you do not understand the Second Law, do not be discouraged. You are in good company. You will not be able to understand it at this stage, but you will understand it when you study statistical thermodynamics next year.”.....Not only do we not know the source which supplies the fuel for the ever-increasing entropy, but no source is permitted, in principle, no feeding mechanism and no provision for any supplies of anything from the outside. Besides, how is it that “structure” and “order” have crept into the discussion of entropy, a concept that was defined in terms of heat and temperature?......I taught thermodynamics and statistical mechanics for many years. During those years, I came to realize that the mystery associated with the Second Law can never be removed within classical thermodynamics......I believe that the turning point in my own understanding of entropy, hence also in my ability to explain it to my students came when I was writing an article.....Once the haze dissipated, everything became crystal clear. Not only clear, but in fact obvious; entropy’s behavior which was once quite difficult to understand, was reduced to a simple matter of common sense. Moreover, I suddenly realized that one does not need to know any statistical mechanics to understand the Second Law. This might sound contradictory, having just claimed that statistical mechanics harbors the clues to understanding the Second Law...." http://www.worldscibooks.com/chemistry/6469.html Arieh Ben-Naim: "A FAREWELL TO ENTROPY. The principal message of this book is that thermodynamics and statistical mechanics will benefit from replacing the unfortunate, misleading and mysterious term “entropy” with a more familiar, meaningful and appropriate term...." Pentcho Valev |
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CLAUSIUS ZOMBIE WORLD IS MORE FUNDAMENTAL THAN EINSTEIN ZOMBIEWORLD
Pentcho Valev a écrit :
[ ... ] Pentcho Valev Voir surtout cela : http://bip.cnrs-mrs.fr/bip10/valevfaq.htm -- kd |
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CLAUSIUS ZOMBIE WORLD IS MORE FUNDAMENTAL THAN EINSTEIN ZOMBIEWORLD
On Sep 6, 1:09*pm, kduc wrote:
Pentcho Valev a écrit : [ ... ] Pentcho Valev Voir surtout cela : http://bip.cnrs-mrs.fr/bip10/valevfaq.htm Mais je t'ai expliqué déjà: mon biographe Athel Cornish-Bowden (un grand Maître anglais qui dirige la science française d'une manière extraordinaire) a évolué et maintenant agit comme mon collaborateur: http://www.beilstein-institut.de/boz...nishBowden.htm Athel Cornish-Bowden: "The concept of entropy was introduced to thermodynamics by Clausius, who deliberately chose an obscure term for it, wanting a word based on Greek roots that would sound similar to "energy". In this way he hoped to have a word that would mean the same to everyone regardless of their language, and, as Cooper [2] remarked, he succeeded in this way in finding a word that meant the same to everyone: NOTHING. From the beginning it proved a very difficult concept for other thermodynamicists, even including such accomplished mathematicians as Kelvin and Maxwell; Kelvin, indeed, despite his own major contributions to the subject, never appreciated the idea of entropy [3]. The difficulties that Clausius created have continued to the present day, with the result that a fundamental idea that is absolutely necessary for understanding the theory of chemical equilibria continues to give trouble, not only to students but also to scientists who need the concept for their work." Pentcho Valev |
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CLAUSIUS ZOMBIE WORLD IS MORE FUNDAMENTAL THAN EINSTEIN ZOMBIEWORLD
On Sep 6, 1:53*pm, "mogi77" wrote:
Can enthropy be explained by the assumption that each new moment in time consists of more space (or particularly space quanta) which give more possibilities to the events? The concept of entropy or, more precisely, the statement that entropy always increases, was DEDUCED by Clausius. That is, there were premises, explicit or implicit, true or false, and then there was the deduction from the premises to the conclusion, valid or invalid. All this should be verified very carefully before any additional explanation of the entropy is advanced. The verification has already started but unfortunately Clausius zombie world sees no reason why it should be continued: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00000313/ p.39: Jos Uffink: "A more important objection, it seems to me, is that Clausius bases his conclusion that the entropy increases in a nicht umkehrbar [irreversible] process on the assumption that such a process can be closed by an umkehrbar [reversible] process to become a cycle. This is essential for the definition of the entropy difference between the initial and final states. But the assumption is far from obvious for a system more complex than an ideal gas, or for states far from equilibrium, or for processes other than the simple exchange of heat and work." Pentcho Valev |
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CLAUSIUS ZOMBIE WORLD IS MORE FUNDAMENTAL THAN EINSTEIN ZOMBIEWORLD
Silly Einsteinians exploit Clausius idiocies:
http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/513/ "In spite of its old age, the Second Law of Thermodynamics “is alive and kicking,” says Max Tegmark, stimulating research on “really, really big puzzles.” In Tegmark’s case, “big” encompasses the cosmos, and investigating the entropy of the universe offers one path into understanding “how we started out.” Tegmark frames his talk with paradoxical questions: Why is entropy so low, and why is entropy so high? The first question is “crucial to understanding the arrow of time,”...." http://www.2physics.com/2007/06/symm...lack-hole.html "Symmetries, Horizons, and Black Hole Entropy. [This is an invited article from Prof. Steve Carlip who received this year's Gravity Research Foundation award for his essay on this topic. The award- winning essay will be published in future issue of General Relativity and Gravitation and International Journal of Modern Physics D.] Drop a box of hot gas into a black hole. The initial state is gas plus a black hole; the final state is a slightly larger black hole, and nothing else. If the second law of thermodynamics -- which requires that entropy never decrease -- is to hold, the final black hole had better have enough entropy to account for the entropy of the gas it swallowed up." http://www.hawking.org.uk/text/physics/entropy.html Stephen Hawking: "The first indication of a connection between black holes and entropy, came in 1970, with my discovery that the area of the horizon of a black hole, always increased. There was an obvious analogy with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that entropy always increases." The truth: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00000313/ Jos Uffink: "On many occasions Clausius was criticised by his contemporaries. I do not know if, in his own time, he was criticised in particular for his famous formulation of the second law as the increase of the entropy of the universe. However, Kuhn (1978, pp. 13-15, p. 260) has pointed out the remarkable fact that in the book (Clausius 1876) he eventually composed from his collected articles, every reference to the entropy of the universe and even to the idea that entropy never decreases in irreversible processes in adiabatically isolated systems is deleted! (...) This summary leads to the question whether it is fruitful to see irreversibility or time- asymmetry as the essence of the second law. Is it not more straightforward, in view of the unargued statements of Kelvin, the bold claims of Clausius and the strained attempts of Planck, to give up this idea? I believe that Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa was right in her verdict that the discussion about the arrow of time as expressed in the second law of the thermodynamics is actually a RED HERRING." Pentcho Valev |
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