"Chandra Discovers a Cosmic Cannonball." Or perhaps, a billiard ball?

Chandra Discovers a Cosmic Cannonball.
10.28.2007
"This isn't the first time astronomers have found million-mph stars.
So-called "hypervelocity stars" have been previously discovered
shooting out of the Milky Way with speeds around one million miles per
hour. One key difference between RX J0822-4300 and these other
reported galactic escapees is the source of their speed. Hypervelocity
stars are thought to have been ejected by interactions with a
supermassive black hole in the Galaxy's center, which can act as a
sort of "gravitational slingshot." This neutron star, by contrast, was
flung into motion by a supernova. Data suggest the explosion was lop-
sided, kicking the neutron star in one direction and the debris from
the explosion in the other.
"The breakneck speed of the Puppis A neutron star is not easily
explained, however, by even the most sophisticated supernova explosion
models. "The puzzle about this cosmic cannonball is how nature can
make such a powerful cannon," says Winkler. "The velocity might be
explained by an unusually energetic explosion," but researchers remain
unsure."
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2...htm?list885344

I have proposed an alternative explanation: planetary impacts after
the star goes nova.
This report shows that brown dwarfs could be up to nearly 1/10th of a
solar mass:

Massive Object Calls Planet Discoveries into Question.
By Robert Roy Britt
Senior Science Writer
posted: 19 January, 2004
1:05 p.m. ET
http://www.space.com/scienceastronom...ts_050119.html

Then the speed imparted to the star could be up to 1/10th that
obtained by the impacting "planet" by momentum conservation.
Actually, it might even be possible if the planet was only at 10
Jovian masses, 1/100th a solar mass. A rough estimate for the speed V
of the planet on impact can be obtained from the equation mV^2/2 = GMm/
R, so V = sqrt(2GM/R), M the star mass, m the planet mass, R the
radial distance, G the gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10^(-11) m^3/
s^2 x kg.
If the planet maintained its size until impact at about the radial
size of Jupiter, then the distance R would be about 1.4x10^8 meters.
With a neutron star mass of one solar mass, M = 2x10^30 kg, V = 1400
km/sec. However, it is likely that the planet will pass through the
Roche limit of the star, where the planet will begin to break up. Then
the radial distance could be on the order of the size of the neutron
star 10 to 30 km. Using a radial distance of 20 km, V = 110,000 km/
sec.
So for a planet at 10 Jovian masses, 1/100th of a solar mass, this
could result in a velocity imparted to the star of 1100 km/sec, within
the order of magnitude of the velocities observed for the neutron star
kicks in general and close to that for this extreme case. And for a
brown dwarf at 100 Jovian masses, 1/10th a solar mass, the speed
imparted to the star could be up to 11,000 km/sec.

It was discussed on the Habitablezone.com space forum before what
would happen by momentum conservation if the mass of the planet was
completely captured by the star with no mass thrown back up. The
conclusion was that the star would remain where it had been before.
But of course this is not likely to be what happens. In the case of
the Shoemaker-Levy impact to Jupiter a tremendous amount of mass was
thrown back up. This also is what happened in the case of the
planetary impact to Earth that created the Moon. Then in this case the
star would be sent back in the reverse direction.
Another possibility is that at the tremendous, relativistic speeds the
planets mass would be traveling at, it could pass right through the
stars body (more difficult though with the pure neutronium of the
neutron star.) If it did the star as well would continue on in the
opposite direction:

Space Sciences
I'm afraid these guys are right, Robert.
Posted by Robert Clark on 9/10/2007 5:28:44 PM
http://www.habitablezone.com/space/messages/481643.html

When you calculate the kinetic energy of a planet of say 10 Jovian
masses hitting the neutron star at this relativistic speed you get
about 10^44 joules. This is about as much energy as the Sun puts out
in its lifetime!
Or said another way its the amount of kinetic energy put out by the
supernovae itself:

Astrophysicsts receive $2 million from Department of Energy to explore
supernovae.
"A supernova releases as much kinetic energy as the sun will radiate
over its entire lifetime," said Rob Hoffman, of LLNL and one of the
principal scientists for the project. "They are the best bang since
the big one."
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releas...l-ar082001.php

Also interesting in this article is the description of Type I
supernovae (not the type that creates neutron stars.) These explosions
are explained as coming from the impact of gas from a close companion
star, inducing thermonuclear explosions. Then full impacts of Jovian
mass planets at relativistic speeds may as well induce such
explosions, thus also propelling the star backwards.
Support for this theory is provided by another Chandra discovery, the
observation of a neutron star moving at right angles to the direction
to the supernova remnant:

The Case of the Neutron Star With a Wayward Wake.
CXC Release 06-03
For Release: June 1, 2006
http://xrtpub.harvard.edu/press/06_r...ss_060106.html

The direction given to the neutron star would be dependent on where
and when most of the mass of the planet impacted the star and would
not have to be on a direct line from the center of supernova remnant.


Bob Clark

"Robert Clark" wrote below
"Astrophysicsts receive $2 million from Department of Energy to
explore supernovae.

[hanson]
Yo, Bob/Greg. This is a great astro/cosmo tale you posted below.
I do not mind that tax money is spent to provide such entertainment.
A lot more money is extracted via govt-taxation, the kosher tax, other
cons and extortions to provide us with environmental, political and
religious entertainment crap.... Carry on! Good show!... ahahanson


"Robert Clark" wrote in message
...
Chandra Discovers a Cosmic Cannonball.
10.28.2007
"This isn't the first time astronomers have found million-mph stars.
So-called "hypervelocity stars" have been previously discovered
shooting out of the Milky Way with speeds around one million miles per
hour. One key difference between RX J0822-4300 and these other
reported galactic escapees is the source of their speed. Hypervelocity
stars are thought to have been ejected by interactions with a
supermassive black hole in the Galaxy's center, which can act as a
sort of "gravitational slingshot." This neutron star, by contrast, was
flung into motion by a supernova. Data suggest the explosion was lop-
sided, kicking the neutron star in one direction and the debris from
the explosion in the other.
"The breakneck speed of the Puppis A neutron star is not easily
explained, however, by even the most sophisticated supernova explosion
models. "The puzzle about this cosmic cannonball is how nature can
make such a powerful cannon," says Winkler. "The velocity might be
explained by an unusually energetic explosion," but researchers remain
unsure."
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2...htm?list885344

I have proposed an alternative explanation: planetary impacts after
the star goes nova.
This report shows that brown dwarfs could be up to nearly 1/10th of a
solar mass:

Massive Object Calls Planet Discoveries into Question.
By Robert Roy Britt
Senior Science Writer
posted: 19 January, 2004
1:05 p.m. ET
http://www.space.com/scienceastronom...ts_050119.html

Then the speed imparted to the star could be up to 1/10th that
obtained by the impacting "planet" by momentum conservation.
Actually, it might even be possible if the planet was only at 10
Jovian masses, 1/100th a solar mass. A rough estimate for the speed V
of the planet on impact can be obtained from the equation mV^2/2 = GMm/
R, so V = sqrt(2GM/R), M the star mass, m the planet mass, R the
radial distance, G the gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10^(-11) m^3/
s^2 x kg.
If the planet maintained its size until impact at about the radial
size of Jupiter, then the distance R would be about 1.4x10^8 meters.
With a neutron star mass of one solar mass, M = 2x10^30 kg, V = 1400
km/sec. However, it is likely that the planet will pass through the
Roche limit of the star, where the planet will begin to break up. Then
the radial distance could be on the order of the size of the neutron
star 10 to 30 km. Using a radial distance of 20 km, V = 110,000 km/
sec.
So for a planet at 10 Jovian masses, 1/100th of a solar mass, this
could result in a velocity imparted to the star of 1100 km/sec, within
the order of magnitude of the velocities observed for the neutron star
kicks in general and close to that for this extreme case. And for a
brown dwarf at 100 Jovian masses, 1/10th a solar mass, the speed
imparted to the star could be up to 11,000 km/sec.

It was discussed on the Habitablezone.com space forum before what
would happen by momentum conservation if the mass of the planet was
completely captured by the star with no mass thrown back up. The
conclusion was that the star would remain where it had been before.
But of course this is not likely to be what happens. In the case of
the Shoemaker-Levy impact to Jupiter a tremendous amount of mass was
thrown back up. This also is what happened in the case of the
planetary impact to Earth that created the Moon. Then in this case the
star would be sent back in the reverse direction.
Another possibility is that at the tremendous, relativistic speeds the
planets mass would be traveling at, it could pass right through the
stars body (more difficult though with the pure neutronium of the
neutron star.) If it did the star as well would continue on in the
opposite direction:

Space Sciences
I'm afraid these guys are right, Robert.
Posted by Robert Clark on 9/10/2007 5:28:44 PM
http://www.habitablezone.com/space/messages/481643.html

When you calculate the kinetic energy of a planet of say 10 Jovian
masses hitting the neutron star at this relativistic speed you get
about 10^44 joules. This is about as much energy as the Sun puts out
in its lifetime!
Or said another way its the amount of kinetic energy put out by the
supernovae itself:

Astrophysicsts receive $2 million from Department of Energy to explore
supernovae.
"A supernova releases as much kinetic energy as the sun will radiate
over its entire lifetime," said Rob Hoffman, of LLNL and one of the
principal scientists for the project. "They are the best bang since
the big one."
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releas...l-ar082001.php

Also interesting in this article is the description of Type I
supernovae (not the type that creates neutron stars.) These explosions
are explained as coming from the impact of gas from a close companion
star, inducing thermonuclear explosions. Then full impacts of Jovian
mass planets at relativistic speeds may as well induce such
explosions, thus also propelling the star backwards.
Support for this theory is provided by another Chandra discovery, the
observation of a neutron star moving at right angles to the direction
to the supernova remnant:

The Case of the Neutron Star With a Wayward Wake.
CXC Release 06-03
For Release: June 1, 2006
http://xrtpub.harvard.edu/press/06_r...ss_060106.html

The direction given to the neutron star would be dependent on where
and when most of the mass of the planet impacted the star and would
not have to be on a direct line from the center of supernova remnant.


Bob Clark

On 6 déc, 08:29, Robert Clark wrote:
Chandra Discovers a Cosmic Cannonball.
10.28.2007
"This isn't the first time astronomers have found million-mph stars.
So-called "hypervelocity stars" have been previously discovered
shooting out of the Milky Way with speeds around one million miles per
hour. One key difference between RX J0822-4300 and these other
reported galactic escapees is the source of their speed. Hypervelocity
stars are thought to have been ejected by interactions with a
supermassive black hole in the Galaxy's center, which can act as a
sort of "gravitational slingshot." This neutron star, by contrast, was
flung into motion by a supernova. Data suggest the explosion was lop-
sided, kicking the neutron star in one direction and the debris from
the explosion in the other.
"The breakneck speed of the Puppis A neutron star is not easily
explained, however, by even the most sophisticated supernova explosion
models. "The puzzle about this cosmic cannonball is how nature can
make such a powerful cannon," says Winkler. "The velocity might be
explained by an unusually energetic explosion," but researchers remain
unsure."http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/28nov_cosmiccannonball.htm?li...

I have proposed an alternative explanation: planetary impacts after
the star goes nova.
This report shows that brown dwarfs could be up to nearly 1/10th of a
solar mass:

Massive Object Calls Planet Discoveries into Question.
By Robert Roy Britt
Senior Science Writer
posted: 19 January, 2004
1:05 p.m. EThttp://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/heavy_objects_050119.html

Then the speed imparted to the star could be up to 1/10th that
obtained by the impacting "planet" by momentum conservation.
Actually, it might even be possible if the planet was only at 10
Jovian masses, 1/100th a solar mass. A rough estimate for the speed V
of the planet on impact can be obtained from the equation mV^2/2 = GMm/
R, so V = sqrt(2GM/R), M the star mass, m the planet mass, R the
radial distance, G the gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10^(-11) m^3/
s^2 x kg.
If the planet maintained its size until impact at about the radial
size of Jupiter, then the distance R would be about 1.4x10^8 meters.
With a neutron star mass of one solar mass, M = 2x10^30 kg, V = 1400
km/sec. However, it is likely that the planet will pass through the
Roche limit of the star, where the planet will begin to break up. Then
the radial distance could be on the order of the size of the neutron
star 10 to 30 km. Using a radial distance of 20 km, V = 110,000 km/
sec.
So for a planet at 10 Jovian masses, 1/100th of a solar mass, this
could result in a velocity imparted to the star of 1100 km/sec, within
the order of magnitude of the velocities observed for the neutron star
kicks in general and close to that for this extreme case. And for a
brown dwarf at 100 Jovian masses, 1/10th a solar mass, the speed
imparted to the star could be up to 11,000 km/sec.

It was discussed on the Habitablezone.com space forum before what
would happen by momentum conservation if the mass of the planet was
completely captured by the star with no mass thrown back up. The
conclusion was that the star would remain where it had been before.
But of course this is not likely to be what happens. In the case of
the Shoemaker-Levy impact to Jupiter a tremendous amount of mass was
thrown back up. This also is what happened in the case of the
planetary impact to Earth that created the Moon. Then in this case the
star would be sent back in the reverse direction.
Another possibility is that at the tremendous, relativistic speeds the
planets mass would be traveling at, it could pass right through the
stars body (more difficult though with the pure neutronium of the
neutron star.) If it did the star as well would continue on in the
opposite direction:

Space Sciences
I'm afraid these guys are right, Robert.
Posted by Robert Clark on 9/10/2007 5:28:44 PMhttp://www.habitablezone.com/space/messages/481643.html

When you calculate the kinetic energy of a planet of say 10 Jovian
masses hitting the neutron star at this relativistic speed you get
about 10^44 joules. This is about as much energy as the Sun puts out
in its lifetime!
Or said another way its the amount of kinetic energy put out by the
supernovae itself:

Astrophysicsts receive $2 million from Department of Energy to explore
supernovae.
"A supernova releases as much kinetic energy as the sun will radiate
over its entire lifetime," said Rob Hoffman, of LLNL and one of the
principal scientists for the project. "They are the best bang since
the big one."http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-08/llnl-ar082001.php

Also interesting in this article is the description of Type I
supernovae (not the type that creates neutron stars.) These explosions
are explained as coming from the impact of gas from a close companion
star, inducing thermonuclear explosions. Then full impacts of Jovian
mass planets at relativistic speeds may as well induce such
explosions, thus also propelling the star backwards.
Support for this theory is provided by another Chandra discovery, the
observation of a neutron star moving at right angles to the direction
to the supernova remnant:

The Case of the Neutron Star With a Wayward Wake.
CXC Release 06-03
For Release: June 1, 2006http://xrtpub.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_060106.html

The direction given to the neutron star would be dependent on where
and when most of the mass of the planet impacted the star and would
not have to be on a direct line from the center of supernova remnant.

Bob Clark

There is much sensationalism in the report of this discovery.

1 million mph is 278 mps, which in km/s is 448 km/s

Our own solar system's velocity on its galactic orbit is
220 km/s and we are "far" from the center at about
27,700 light years away.

The closer stars are to the core, the faster they move.

All stars orbiting within 15,000 light years of the
core move at velocities at least double that of our own.

So, "cannonball" velocities of 448 are quite common
in the galaxy.

André Michaud

On Dec 6, 5:29 am, Robert Clark wrote:
Chandra Discovers a Cosmic Cannonball.
10.28.2007
"This isn't the first time astronomers have found million-mph stars.
So-called "hypervelocity stars" have been previously discovered
shooting out of the Milky Way with speeds around one million miles per
hour. One key difference between RX J0822-4300 and these other
reported galactic escapees is the source of their speed. Hypervelocity
stars are thought to have been ejected by interactions with a
supermassive black hole in the Galaxy's center, which can act as a
sort of "gravitational slingshot." This neutron star, by contrast, was
flung into motion by a supernova. Data suggest the explosion was lop-
sided, kicking the neutron star in one direction and the debris from
the explosion in the other.
"The breakneck speed of the Puppis A neutron star is not easily
explained, however, by even the most sophisticated supernova explosion
models. "The puzzle about this cosmic cannonball is how nature can
make such a powerful cannon," says Winkler. "The velocity might be
explained by an unusually energetic explosion," but researchers remain
unsure."http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/28nov_cosmiccannonball.htm?li...

I have proposed an alternative explanation: planetary impacts after
the star goes nova.
This report shows that brown dwarfs could be up to nearly 1/10th of a
solar mass:

Massive Object Calls Planet Discoveries into Question.
By Robert Roy Britt
Senior Science Writer
posted: 19 January, 2004
1:05 p.m. EThttp://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/heavy_objects_050119.html

Then the speed imparted to the star could be up to 1/10th that
obtained by the impacting "planet" by momentum conservation.
Actually, it might even be possible if the planet was only at 10
Jovian masses, 1/100th a solar mass. A rough estimate for the speed V
of the planet on impact can be obtained from the equation mV^2/2 = GMm/
R, so V = sqrt(2GM/R), M the star mass, m the planet mass, R the
radial distance, G the gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10^(-11) m^3/
s^2 x kg.
If the planet maintained its size until impact at about the radial
size of Jupiter, then the distance R would be about 1.4x10^8 meters.
With a neutron star mass of one solar mass, M = 2x10^30 kg, V = 1400
km/sec. However, it is likely that the planet will pass through the
Roche limit of the star, where the planet will begin to break up. Then
the radial distance could be on the order of the size of the neutron
star 10 to 30 km. Using a radial distance of 20 km, V = 110,000 km/
sec.
So for a planet at 10 Jovian masses, 1/100th of a solar mass, this
could result in a velocity imparted to the star of 1100 km/sec, within
the order of magnitude of the velocities observed for the neutron star
kicks in general and close to that for this extreme case. And for a
brown dwarf at 100 Jovian masses, 1/10th a solar mass, the speed
imparted to the star could be up to 11,000 km/sec.

It was discussed on the Habitablezone.com space forum before what
would happen by momentum conservation if the mass of the planet was
completely captured by the star with no mass thrown back up. The
conclusion was that the star would remain where it had been before.
But of course this is not likely to be what happens. In the case of
the Shoemaker-Levy impact to Jupiter a tremendous amount of mass was
thrown back up. This also is what happened in the case of the
planetary impact to Earth that created the Moon. Then in this case the
star would be sent back in the reverse direction.
Another possibility is that at the tremendous, relativistic speeds the
planets mass would be traveling at, it could pass right through the
stars body (more difficult though with the pure neutronium of the
neutron star.) If it did the star as well would continue on in the
opposite direction:

Space Sciences
I'm afraid these guys are right, Robert.
Posted by Robert Clark on 9/10/2007 5:28:44 PMhttp://www.habitablezone.com/space/messages/481643.html

When you calculate the kinetic energy of a planet of say 10 Jovian
masses hitting the neutron star at this relativistic speed you get
about 10^44 joules. This is about as much energy as the Sun puts out
in its lifetime!
Or said another way its the amount of kinetic energy put out by the
supernovae itself:

Astrophysicsts receive $2 million from Department of Energy to explore
supernovae.
"A supernova releases as much kinetic energy as the sun will radiate
over its entire lifetime," said Rob Hoffman, of LLNL and one of the
principal scientists for the project. "They are the best bang since
the big one."http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-08/llnl-ar082001.php

Also interesting in this article is the description of Type I
supernovae (not the type that creates neutron stars.) These explosions
are explained as coming from the impact of gas from a close companion
star, inducing thermonuclear explosions. Then full impacts of Jovian
mass planets at relativistic speeds may as well induce such
explosions, thus also propelling the star backwards.
Support for this theory is provided by another Chandra discovery, the
observation of a neutron star moving at right angles to the direction
to the supernova remnant:

The Case of the Neutron Star With a Wayward Wake.
CXC Release 06-03
For Release: June 1, 2006http://xrtpub.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_060106.html

The direction given to the neutron star would be dependent on where
and when most of the mass of the planet impacted the star and would
not have to be on a direct line from the center of supernova remnant.

Bob Clark

jr writes
This is interesting and brand new to me to say the least. I wonder how
it will fit or not, into my proposal as outlined in the post; johnreed
take 23 - Dark Matter. I will follow your leads here to verify.
Thanks.
Have a good time.
johnreed

I have proposed an alternative explanation: planetary impacts after
the star goes nova.
This report shows that brown dwarfs could be up to nearly 1/10th of a
solar mass:

Then the speed imparted to the star could be up to 1/10th that
obtained by the impacting "planet" by momentum conservation.
Actually, it might even be possible if the planet was only at 10
Jovian masses, 1/100th a solar mass. A rough estimate for the speed V
of the planet on impact can be obtained from the equation mV^2/2 = GMm/
R, so V = sqrt(2GM/R), M the star mass, m the planet mass, R the
radial distance, G the gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10^(-11) m^3/
s^2 x kg.

Your idea fails because you don't understand the conservation
of momentum. If you drop a planet onto a star, yes, the planet
speeds up as it falls towards the star; but the star also speeds up,
in the opposite direction, as it falls towards the planet. When the
two merge, their momenta will cancel, and the merged result
will be motionless.

On Dec 6, 1:27 pm, Stupendous_Man wrote:
I have proposed an alternative explanation: planetary impacts after
the star goes nova.
This report shows that brown dwarfs could be up to nearly 1/10th of a
solar mass:
Then the speed imparted to the star could be up to 1/10th that
obtained by the impacting "planet" by momentum conservation.
Actually, it might even be possible if the planet was only at 10
Jovian masses, 1/100th a solar mass. A rough estimate for the speed V
of the planet on impact can be obtained from the equation mV^2/2 = GMm/
R, so V = sqrt(2GM/R), M the star mass, m the planet mass, R the
radial distance, G the gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10^(-11) m^3/
s^2 x kg.

Your idea fails because you don't understand the conservation
of momentum. If you drop a planet onto a star, yes, the planet
speeds up as it falls towards the star; but the star also speeds up,
in the opposite direction, as it falls towards the planet. When the
two merge, their momenta will cancel, and the merged result
will be motionless.

jr writes
The idea that action at a distance causes both celestial objects to
speed up is based on Newton's third law which falls out of the
behaviour of inertial mass objects in collision with other inertial
mass objects. Where we are inertial mass objects and define
gravitational force proportional to, and in terms of the resistance we
work against, quantified in terms of our inertial mass. The
conjecture that this quantified, but subjective equal and opposite
notion of force applies to all celestial objects in all cases is not
proved and is verified only in terms of least action kinematics and
not in terms of dynamics. Which least action kinematics are common to
all stable universe frames.
Have a good time.
johnreed