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How the Expansion of the Universe Stopped



 
 
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  #1  
Old September 18th 17, 11:42 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Default How the Expansion of the Universe Stopped

The universe is not expanding - it is STATIC. Some expansion occurred in the unscientific cosmological models but recently Sabine Hossenfelder mercilessly stopped it and now there is no expansion at all:

Sabine Hossenfelder: "The solution of general relativity that describes the expanding universe is a solution on average; it is good only on very large distances. But the solutions that describe galaxies are different - and just don't expand. It's not that galaxies expand unnoticeably, they just don't. The full solution, then, is both stitched together: Expanding space between non-expanding galaxies." https://www.forbes.com/sites/startsw...ding-universe/

"Expanding space between non-expanding galaxies" is a downright idiocy - it exposes the expanding universe as one of the silliest concepts in the history of science. The idiocy cannot be fixed or camouflaged - cosmologists can only join Max Tegmark and become experts on psychology, artificial intelligence, etc.

Then why do photons redshift? Star light slows down as it travels through the space vacuum, an effect caused by a factor equivalent to vacuum friction.. For not so distant stars this is expressed as Hubble redshift but beyond a certain distance the star light does not reach us at all (Olbers' paradox):

"This leads to the prediction of vacuum friction: The quantum vacuum can act in a manner reminiscent of a viscous fluid."
http://philpapers.org/rec/DAVQVN

"...explains Liberati. "If spacetime is a kind of fluid, then we must also take into account its viscosity and other dissipative effects, which had never been considered in detail". Liberati and Maccione catalogued these effects and showed that viscosity tends to rapidly dissipate photons and other particles along their path, "And yet we can see photons travelling from astrophysical objects located millions of light years away!" he continues. "If spacetime is a fluid, then according to our calculations it must necessarily be a superfluid. This means that its viscosity value is extremely low, close to zero"." https://phys.org/news/2014-04-liquid...uperfluid.html

Natu "As waves travel through a medium, they lose energy over time. This dampening effect would also happen to photons traveling through spacetime, the researchers found." http://www.nature.com/news/superflui...hysics-1.15437

"Some physicists, however, suggest that there might be one other cosmic factor that could influence the speed of light: quantum vacuum fluctuation. This theory holds that so-called empty spaces in the Universe aren't actually empty - they're teeming with particles that are just constantly changing from existent to non-existent states. Quantum fluctuations, therefore, could slow down the speed of light."
https://www.sciencealert.com/how-muc...s&limitstart=1

Pentcho Valev
  #2  
Old September 18th 17, 04:56 PM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Default How the Expansion of the Universe Stopped

"The accelerating expansion of the Universe may not be real, but could just be an apparent effect, according to new research published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society." https://phys.org/news/2017-09-supern...rk-energy.html

Yes it is an apparent effect but caused by events in a STATIC universe. Vacuum friction slows down photons coming from distant stars - so the Hubble redshift is produced - but at the end of their journey photons redshift less vigorously than at the beginning. This has wrongly been interpreted as accelerating expansion.

Assume that, as the photon travels through space (in a STATIC universe), it bumps into vacuum constituents and as a result loses speed in much the same way that a golf ball loses speed due to the resistance of the air. On this hypothesis the resistive force (Fr) is proportional to the speed of the photon (V):

Fr = - KV

That is, the speed of light decreases with time in accordance with the equation:

dV/dt = - K'V

Clearly, at the end of a very long journey of photons (coming from a very distant object), the contribution to the redshift is much smaller than the contribution at the beginning of the journey. Light coming from nearer objects is less subject to this effect, that is, the increase of the redshift with distance is closer to LINEAR for short distances. For distant light sources we have:

f' = f(exp(-kt))

where f is the initial and f' the measured (redshifted) frequency. For short distances the following approximations can be made:

f' = f(exp(-kt)) ~ f(1-kt) ~ f - kd/λ

where d is the distance between the light source and the observer and λ is the wavelength.

The approximate equation, f' = f - kd/λ, is only valid for short distances and corresponds to the Hubble law.

The original equation, f' = f(exp(-kt)), shows that, at the end of a very long journey (in a STATIC universe), photons redshift much less vigorously than at the beginning of the journey. It can be shown that this provides an alternative explanation of the observations that brought the 2011 Nobel Prize for Physics to Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess and Brian Schmidt.

Pentcho Valev
  #3  
Old September 21st 17, 05:18 PM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Default How the Expansion of the Universe Stopped

The idiotic Big Bang story is approaching its end and unstable Einsteinians are shouting in delirium:

Ethan Siegel: "The Big Bang Wasn't The Beginning, After All [...] The conclusion was inescapable: the hot Big Bang definitely happened, but doesn't extend to go all the way back to an arbitrarily hot and dense state. Instead, the very early Universe underwent a period of time where all of the energy that would go into the matter and radiation present today was instead bound up in the fabric of space itself. That period, known as cosmic inflation, came to an end and gave rise to the hot Big Bang, but never created an arbitrarily hot, dense state, nor did it create a singularity. What happened prior to inflation - or whether inflation was eternal to the past - is still an open question, but one thing is for certain: the Big Bang is not the beginning of the Universe!" https://www.forbes.com/sites/startsw...ing-after-all/

Ethan Siegel:

http://scienceblogs.com/startswithab...se-443x590.jpg

Pentcho Valev
 




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