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#1
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PERPETUUM MOBILE OF THE SECOND KIND ?
Consider FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in:
http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/~yec...MagnFluids.pdf Can. J . Phys., 60. 449 (1982), Fluids in electric and magnetic fields: Pressure variation and stability, I. BREVIK: "FIG. 1. Two charged condenser plates partly immersed in a dielectric liquid. (...) FIG. 2. The hydrostatic pressure variation from point 1 to point 5 in Fig. 1." FIG. 2 shows that the hydrostatic pressure between the plates of the capacitor is much greater than that in the rest of the liquid. Therefore, if we punch a small hole in one of the plates, somewhere between "3" and "2" in FIG. 1, water will constantly flow through the hole, pushed by the pressure between the plates. The resulting waterfall outside the capacitor can, in principle, rotate a wheel... |
#2
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PERPETUUM MOBILE OF THE SECOND KIND ?
If a constant-charge parallel-plate capacitor is partially immersed in a liquid dielectric, e.g. water:
http://www.spiraxsarco.com/images/re...Fig_3_16_9.gif the liquid between the plates rises above the usual elevation caused by capillary forces: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6KAH1JpdPg "Liquid Dielectric Capacitor" One might suspect that punching a small hole in one of the plates would result in an eternal waterfall outside the capacitor, as shown in this pictu http://energythic.com/usercontent/3/...PU_caphole.gif The fact that the additional elevation (beyond that due to capillary forces) is caused by an increase in the hydrostatic pressure between the plates turns the suspicion into conviction: http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-E.../dp/0763738271 Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory: A Modern Perspective, Tai Chow, p. 267: "Calculations of the forces between charged conductors immersed in a liquid dielectric always show that the force is reduced by the factor K. There is a tendency to think of this as representing a reduction in the electrical forces between the charges on the conductors, as though Coulomb's law for the interaction of two charges should have the dielectric constant included in its denominator. This is incorrect, however. The strictly electric forces between charges on the conductors are not influenced by the presence of the dielectric medium. The medium is polarized, however, and the interaction of the electric field with the polarized medium results in an INCREASED FLUID PRESSURE ON THE CONDUCTORS that reduces the net forces acting on them." http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teachin...es/node44.html "However, in experiments in which a capacitor is submerged in a dielectric liquid the force per unit area exerted by one plate on another is observed to decrease... (...) This apparent paradox can be explained by taking into account the difference in liquid pressure in the field filled space between the plates and the field free region outside the capacitor." Pentcho Valev |
#3
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PERPETUUM MOBILE OF THE SECOND KIND ?
Perpetuum mobile of the second kind published in a respectable journal:
http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip...1063/1.4825269 Electricity generated from ambient heat across a silicon surface, Guoan Tai, Zihan Xu and Jinsong Liu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 163902 (2013). ABSTRACT: "We report generation of electricity from the limitless thermal motion of ions across a two-dimensional (2D) silicon (Si) surface at room temperature. (...) This finding provides a self-charging technology for energy harvesting from ambient heat." An earlier version of the paper: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1207.6599 "However,, this finding does not agree with the second law of thermodynamics, which limits the utilization of the random thermal motion of ions to be spontaneously collected to produce electricity. We cannot explain why either this experiment or the previous experiment of graphene did not agree with the traditional theory. More research will be required to fully understand this phenomenon." Pentcho Valev |
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