ORBITAL MOTION

OEBITAL MOTION AND THE FORCE OF GRAVITY ILLUSION.
Copyright 1984 - 2008 Allen C. Goodrich

Most of us were too yoiung to remember when we first heard that it was
a force of gravity that kept us on the earth. The force of gravity
between all masses is one of the best known principles or assumed
facts of modern science. There has been no doubt in our minds that
this is true.So, why should I try to tell you that there is no such
thing as a force of gravity. I might rather tell you that there is no
need for a force of gravity to cause orbital motion or for masses to
stay on the earth's surface.

Did you know that Sir Isaac Newton did not believe that there was a
force of gravity between all masses? It was Robert Hooke's idea that
this force existed . Newton had to deny that he had stolen Hooke's
idea. and Newton said that anyone who thought that there was a
force,of gravity was not able to think clearly. However, his
equation said that Force = Mass times Acceleration = A constant
times the product of the masses divided by the square of the distance
between them, which infers that there is an energy transfer between
masses.

So, I will not try to tell you that there is no such thing as a force
of gravity. I will just tell you why there is no need for such a
thing as a force of gravity. And I will tell you the observations that
make it impossible for a force of gravity to exist.

OBSERVATIONS:

1. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS APPLIES AND
THAT THE TOTAL ENERGY OF THE ORBITING BODY REMAINS
CONSTANT. THIS IS . BECAUSE THERE IS NO KNOWN METHOD BY WHICH THE
NECESSARY ENERGY CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO AN ORBITING BODY, WITHOUT
PHYSICALLY CONTACTING THE BODY, TO CHANGE ITS ORBIT, IN THE MANNER
PREDICTED BY SIR ISAAC NEWTON.
THE TOTAL ENERGY OF THE ORBITING BODY REMAINS
CONSTANT, .NO ENERGY CHANGE, OR FORCE OF GRAVITY IS
INVOLVED IN THE ORBITING PROCESS. THE SUM OF KINETIC
AND POTENTIAL ENERGIES OF THE ORBITING BODY IS A
CONSTANT.
ANY POSITIVE CHANGE OF KINETIC ENERGY OF m IS ACCOMPANIED
BY A SIMULTANEOUS NEGATIVE CHANGE OF IT'S POTENTIAL
ENERGY.
2. THE KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGIES OF AN
ORBITAL BODY ARE NEARLY EQUAL, AND CONSISTENT WITH
THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. THE TOTAL ENERGY IS CONSTANT. NO
FORCE OF GRAVITY AND ENERG TRANSFER
IS NECESSARY TO CAUSE ORBITAL MOTION.
3. TWO EQUATIONS ARE INDICATED TO BE OPERATIVE.

m (2 PI L )^2 / t ^2 + G (M-m) m / L = A CONSTANT. AND
DELTA m (2 PI L ) ^2 / t ^2 = - DELTA G (M-m ) m / L .

4. AT ANY OTHER MEAN RADIUS, THAN THE ORBITAL RADIUS, THE
TOTAL ENERGY MUST BE DIFFERENT. A CHANGE OF
TOTAL ENERGY MUST ACCOMPANY A CHANGE OF ORBITAL
RADIUS. BUT NO KNOWN METHOD IS AVAILABLE TO MAKE
THIS ENERGY CHANGE POSSIBLE.
AT ANY OTHER MEAN ORBITAL RADIUS , THE KINETIC ENERGY
WOULD NOT BE THE SAME AS THE POTENTIAL ENERGY,
AND .
THERE IS ONLY ONE ORBITAL RADIUS AT WHICH THE SUM
OF EQUAL MAGNITUDES OF KINETIUC AND POTENTIAL
ENERGIES.IS THE TOTAL ENERGY OF THE ORBITING MASS.
5. THE KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGIES OF THE PLANETS
AND MOONS WERE CALCULATED AND THEY WERE ALL
FOUND TO CONFORM TO THIS PREDICTION.
A PARTICULAR TOTAL OF KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGIES,
WHERE THE TWO ENERGIES ARE NEARLY EQUAL, CAN HAVE
ONLY ONE SPECIAL MEAN ORBITAL RADIUS AND BE
CONSISTENT WITH THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
6. THE MASS m IS SO MUCH LESS THAN THE MASS M ( THE TOTAL ENERGY OF
THE EFFECTIVE UNIVERSE ), THAT
M-m REMAINS ALMOST UNCHANGED AS THE VALUE OF m
CHANGES ( PLEASE SEE THE BOOK FOR DEFINITIONS ).
KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGIES
WERE OBSERVED TO BE THE CONTROLLING FACTOR
WHERE ORBITAL MOTION IS CONCERNED.
THIS IS TRUE IF THE ENERGIES ARE CALCULATED FROM
THE MASSES OR CHARGES.
7. THIS CONCEPT IS UNIQUE AND PROVIDES A MORE
LOGICAL METHOD OF EXPLAINING ORBITAL MOTION
THAN THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE THEORY PROPOSED BY
SIR ISAAC NEWTON..


SUMMARY

THE MECHANICS OF
THE UNIVERSE

Copyright 1984-2007 Allen C. Goodrich

No force is necessary to cause orbital motion.
The planets orbit the sun at a special mean orbital
radius L to conserve total energy. The modified
first law of thermodynamics , which states that the
total energy of the universe is a constant, is the
fundamental equation of the universe. Any mass
with orbital motion has kinetic and potential
energies which depend on its velocity and mean
orbital radius L from the center of the mass of
the rest of the effective universe. The mass
travels at this orbital radius because this is the only
orbital radius where no force or change of total
energy is necessary to maintain the orbit.The sum
of its kinetic and potential energies is a constant
and the magnitudes of kinetic and potential
energies are nearly equal.

m (2 pi L)^2 / t^2 + G m(M-m) /L = A CONSTANT.
(if no charges are present)
+ Delta m(2 pi L)^2/T^2 = - Delta Gm(M-m)/L

What's so important about this modified first law
of thermodynamics?
Kinetic energy m (2 pi L)^2 / t^2 of a mass m is
orbital motion relative to the rest of the effective
universe (M-m) and potential energy
G(M-m) m / L, where L is the mean orbital radius,
are nearly equal at equilibrium, where no energy
change occurs and the total energy is constant.
At equilibrium, any change of kinetic energy must
be accompanied by an equal and opposite, sign,
change of potential energy.

The universe has been found to be expanding
at an accelerating rate. The potential energy of the
universe is continually decreasing and the kinetic
energy is continually increasing. Again, to conserve
the total energy relative to the rest of the universe.


This is why the modified first law is so important.
The conservation of total energy must be maintained
relative to the rest of the expanding universe. Kinetic
and potential energies must be computed relative to
the rest of the expanding universe.

This modified first law leads to the conclusion that
the force of gravity and the velocity of light are
misleading illusions.