A spaceship in every garage

Jetter Cycle inertial confinement fusion operates by combining Lithium-6 and Deuterium to create two Helium-4 nuclei releasing 24 MeV. That's 242 trillion joules per kilogram of Lithium-6 Deuteride. Now 7.5% of all Lithium in these parts of the galaxy is Lithium-6. This means that in the crust of the Earth and regolith of the Moon or Mars or even Ceres or Venus is about 3 parts per million. So, a kilogram of plain old rock and dirt contains 3 milligrams of Lithium-6. That's 726 megajoules per kilogram of rock. Now the interesting thing about this is that you can turn a kilogram of plain old rock into a hot plasma with 40 megajoules. Now, once you break down rock into a hot plasma, you can sort through all the stuff that makes up the rock separate it out on the atomic scale, and reassemble it into desired stuff. Including pulling out the Lithium-6. Which means, even if you don't use the hot plasma to help you turn fresh rock into plasma, you have at least 686 megajoules per kilogram of rock. Put differently a kilogram of rock, has the potential to release the same amount of energy as six gallons of gasoline! All while extracting useful stuff and reassembling it in ways that are useful!

A personal spacecraft that carries four passengers has 530 liters of luggage space is 5.6 meters long 2.1 meters wide and 1.4 meters tall and weighs 2..7 metric tons powered by fusion energy

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...s_%2710%29.jpg

http://3oneseven.com/05/syd-mead-sentinel/

To go from Earth's surface to Earth orbit requires the vehicle be carried through a delta vee of 9.2 km/sec - with an exhaust velocity of 22,000 km/sec this requires a propellant fraction of;

u = 1 - 1/exp(9.2/22000) = 4.18e-4

So, for a 2.7 tonne spacecraft we have 1.129 kg of Lithium-6 Deuteride. About half a liter of 'fuel'. At two gees this will take 8 minutes.

A spaceship in every garage will allow everyone to have a home in a space colony. A ring of space colonies at 1,700 km altitude, in a two hour polar orbit - that allows each space home to overfly the entire Earth every 12 hours. Every km of the 50,680 km of the ring contain 35,000 self sufficient homes. Enough to house every man woman and child on Earth.

http://simotron.files.wordpress.com/...v8o3_1280..png

On Sunday, November 3, 2013 8:58:24 AM UTC+13, William Mook wrote:
Jetter Cycle inertial confinement fusion operates by combining Lithium-6 and Deuterium to create two Helium-4 nuclei releasing 24 MeV. That's 242 trillion joules per kilogram of Lithium-6 Deuteride. Now 7.5% of all Lithium in these parts of the galaxy is Lithium-6. This means that in the crust of the Earth and regolith of the Moon or Mars or even Ceres or Venus is about 3 parts per million. So, a kilogram of plain old rock and dirt contains 3 milligrams of Lithium-6. That's 726 megajoules per kilogram of rock. Now the interesting thing about this is that you can turn a kilogram of plain old rock into a hot plasma with 40 megajoules. Now, once you break down rock into a hot plasma, you can sort through all the stuff that makes up the rock separate it out on the atomic scale, and reassemble it into desired stuff. Including pulling out the Lithium-6. Which means, even if you don't use the hot plasma to help you turn fresh rock into plasma, you have at least 686 megajoules per kilogram of rock. Put differently a kilogram of rock, has the potential to release the same amount of energy as six gallons of gasoline! All while extracting useful stuff and reassembling it in ways that are useful!



A personal spacecraft that carries four passengers has 530 liters of luggage space is 5.6 meters long 2.1 meters wide and 1.4 meters tall and weighs 2.7 metric tons powered by fusion energy



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...s_%2710%29.jpg



http://3oneseven.com/05/syd-mead-sentinel/



To go from Earth's surface to Earth orbit requires the vehicle be carried through a delta vee of 9.2 km/sec - with an exhaust velocity of 22,000 km/sec this requires a propellant fraction of;



u = 1 - 1/exp(9.2/22000) = 4.18e-4



So, for a 2.7 tonne spacecraft we have 1.129 kg of Lithium-6 Deuteride. About half a liter of 'fuel'. At two gees this will take 8 minutes.



A spaceship in every garage will allow everyone to have a home in a space colony. A ring of space colonies at 1,700 km altitude, in a two hour polar orbit - that allows each space home to overfly the entire Earth every 12 hours. Every km of the 50,680 km of the ring contain 35,000 self sufficient homes. Enough to house every man woman and child on Earth.



http://simotron.files.wordpress.com/...hv8o3_1280.png

An O'Neill Island Three cylinder every 32 km along an orbit with a 50,800 km circumference with an 8 km diameter 1.27 million square kilometers in interior area. Divided among the 7.057 billion people alive today obtains 5,600 people pwer square kilometer. A relatively low density.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder

Now, total mass of the system is 150 billion tonnes. If mined from an asteroid this means that the feedstock must be 750 billion tonnes. At 2.2 tonnes per cubic meter that means a total of 3.41 billion cubic meters - 3.41 cubic kilometers. A sphere of rock approximately 1.87 km in diameter.

Cruthne is 5 km in diameter and masses 14 billion tonnes. It also comes to within 12 million km of Earth every October. By changing its orbital velocity by about 6 km/sec (no aerobraking) the Minor planet can be brought into a parking orbit 1,700 km above Earth. Even at this distance it would appear to observers on the ground smaller than the moon (0.17 deg vs. 0.23 deg)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3753_Cruithne

The drill is pretty much the same as what we've been discussing in other threads. A small fusion powered self-replicating machine is deposited by conventional booster on to Cruithne and its 1 kg mass converts the entire mass into machinery in about two days. Then 0.0272% of its mass is ejected to carry out the maneuvers necessary to bring the small planet into the desired orbit. The machinery then swarms to begin construction of the 1,588 O'Neill Island Three colonies in the desired orbit. 19/20th of Cruithne remains untouched - a reservoir for future human adventures.

The Lithium-6 and Deuterium found on Cruithne fuels a fleet of 4 billion spacecraft the size of an old Lincoln motorcar - which is dispatched to every man woman and child on the planet, along with a home aboard the colony.

On Monday, November 4, 2013 9:15:45 AM UTC+13, William Mook wrote:
On Sunday, November 3, 2013 8:58:24 AM UTC+13, William Mook wrote:

Jetter Cycle inertial confinement fusion operates by combining Lithium-6 and Deuterium to create two Helium-4 nuclei releasing 24 MeV. That's 242 trillion joules per kilogram of Lithium-6 Deuteride. Now 7.5% of all Lithium in these parts of the galaxy is Lithium-6. This means that in the crust of the Earth and regolith of the Moon or Mars or even Ceres or Venus is about 3 parts per million. So, a kilogram of plain old rock and dirt contains 3 milligrams of Lithium-6. That's 726 megajoules per kilogram of rock. Now the interesting thing about this is that you can turn a kilogram of plain old rock into a hot plasma with 40 megajoules. Now, once you break down rock into a hot plasma, you can sort through all the stuff that makes up the rock separate it out on the atomic scale, and reassemble it into desired stuff. Including pulling out the Lithium-6. Which means, even if you don't use the hot plasma to help you turn fresh rock into plasma, you have at least 686 megajoules per kilogram of rock. Put differently a kilogram of rock, has the potential to release the same amount of energy as six gallons of gasoline! All while extracting useful stuff and reassembling it in ways that are useful!







A personal spacecraft that carries four passengers has 530 liters of luggage space is 5.6 meters long 2.1 meters wide and 1.4 meters tall and weighs 2.7 metric tons powered by fusion energy







http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...s_%2710%29.jpg







http://3oneseven.com/05/syd-mead-sentinel/







To go from Earth's surface to Earth orbit requires the vehicle be carried through a delta vee of 9.2 km/sec - with an exhaust velocity of 22,000 km/sec this requires a propellant fraction of;







u = 1 - 1/exp(9.2/22000) = 4.18e-4







So, for a 2.7 tonne spacecraft we have 1.129 kg of Lithium-6 Deuteride. About half a liter of 'fuel'. At two gees this will take 8 minutes.







A spaceship in every garage will allow everyone to have a home in a space colony. A ring of space colonies at 1,700 km altitude, in a two hour polar orbit - that allows each space home to overfly the entire Earth every 12 hours. Every km of the 50,680 km of the ring contain 35,000 self sufficient homes. Enough to house every man woman and child on Earth.







http://simotron.files.wordpress.com/...hv8o3_1280.png



An O'Neill Island Three cylinder every 32 km along an orbit with a 50,800 km circumference with an 8 km diameter 1.27 million square kilometers in interior area. Divided among the 7.057 billion people alive today obtains 5,600 people pwer square kilometer. A relatively low density.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder



Now, total mass of the system is 150 billion tonnes. If mined from an asteroid this means that the feedstock must be 750 billion tonnes. At 2.2 tonnes per cubic meter that means a total of 3.41 billion cubic meters - 3.41 cubic kilometers. A sphere of rock approximately 1.87 km in diameter.



Cruthne is 5 km in diameter and masses 14 billion tonnes. It also comes to within 12 million km of Earth every October. By changing its orbital velocity by about 6 km/sec (no aerobraking) the Minor planet can be brought into a parking orbit 1,700 km above Earth. Even at this distance it would appear to observers on the ground smaller than the moon (0.17 deg vs. 0.23 deg)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3753_Cruithne



The drill is pretty much the same as what we've been discussing in other threads. A small fusion powered self-replicating machine is deposited by conventional booster on to Cruithne and its 1 kg mass converts the entire mass into machinery in about two days. Then 0.0272% of its mass is ejected to carry out the maneuvers necessary to bring the small planet into the desired orbit. The machinery then swarms to begin construction of the 1,588 O'Neill Island Three colonies in the desired orbit. 19/20th of Cruithne remains untouched - a reservoir for future human adventures.



The Lithium-6 and Deuterium found on Cruithne fuels a fleet of 4 billion spacecraft the size of an old Lincoln motorcar - which is dispatched to every man woman and child on the planet, along with a home aboard the colony.

Here's what such a spacecraft might look like

http://www.carstyling.ru/en/entry/Si...e/images/3625/

http://blog.kenperlin.com/wp-content...1/driveway.jpg

http://i2.wp.com/megadeluxe.com/wp-c...syd_mead02.jpg

Then we'd have a modern world...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns6MizLHyRk

"Robert Clark" wrote:
"William Mook" wrote in message
On Thursday, November 7, 2013 1:48:02 PM UTC+13, Robert Clark wrote:
...
Nice song by the singer in that video. However, I don't see how it's
possible to talk about fusion powered rockets, cars, etc. when
controlled
fusion has not been accomplished yet.

I understand your point of view. It is well founded based on open data.
However, please consider that Jetter Cycle fusion reactions have been
achieved in nuclear weapons with Lithium-6 Deuteride in the 1950s.

Yes, fusion weapons of various types have been achieved since the 50's, not
controlled fusion for power production, however.
On the other hand, power production by nuclear fission has been possible
for decades and I just saw this article about a fission powered car concept:

Rockets can be powered by Orion-style fusion.
--
We are geeks. Resistance is voltage over current.

On Friday, November 8, 2013 3:36:03 AM UTC+13, Greg Goss wrote:
"Robert Clark" wrote:

"William Mook" wrote in message

On Thursday, November 7, 2013 1:48:02 PM UTC+13, Robert Clark wrote:

...

Nice song by the singer in that video. However, I don't see how it's

possible to talk about fusion powered rockets, cars, etc. when

controlled

fusion has not been accomplished yet.



I understand your point of view. It is well founded based on open data..

However, please consider that Jetter Cycle fusion reactions have been

achieved in nuclear weapons with Lithium-6 Deuteride in the 1950s.



Yes, fusion weapons of various types have been achieved since the 50's, not

controlled fusion for power production, however.

On the other hand, power production by nuclear fission has been possible

for decades and I just saw this article about a fission powered car concept:



Rockets can be powered by Orion-style fusion.

--

We are geeks. Resistance is voltage over current.

Quite right, and if the reports of tiny fission free fusion blasts using the Jetter cycle, which Ulrich Jetter assures us is aneutronic, producing only energetic alpha particles, and easily initiated, circumventing the Lawson criterion, then tiny nuclear pulse craft using far higher detonation rates are possible. Since energetic alpha particles are easily deflected and there is no shielding requirement, thrust to weight of these ships is improved along with performance as size is radically reduced.

A 2.7 tonne vehicle the size and weight of an old 1960s Lincoln town-car

flying from Earth to Moon at one gee - takes 6,262.3 seconds (1 hr 44 min 22.3 seconds) to get half way to the moon and at that time achieves 61.383 km/sec velocity. Slowing down from the half way point at one gee (plus local gravity at each end) takes the same amount of time and the same delta vee..

To go from the Earth to the Moon and back without refuelling requires a ship that can go 245.532 km/sec and takes 3.5 hours out and back. This requires that 1.11% of the take off weight or 30 kg of the take off weight be lithium-6 deuteride, if the ship achieves 22,000 km/sec exhaust speed, which should be possible with energetic alphas in a strong magnetic field. The same super magnets that achieve this also operate with maglev on Earth to make for convenient local travel

http://i0.wp.com/megadeluxe.com/wp-c...n-29_300sl.jpg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPqEEZa2Gis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txmKr69jGBk

Of course, the magnetic track is built under an asphalt roadway so that both modern and legacy autos can share the roadway.

A one kilogram fusion powered self-replicating machine could be built on Earth, fly to the moon and operate on the lunar far side collecting enough material to build 558,500 Stanford Torus rings, in 27,925 stacks of twenty each in a polar sunrise/sunset orbit, with each ring housing 12,635 persons in their own self sustaining apartment.

An additional 141 million rings are placed in two 1.96 million long arcs consisting of 7.1 million stacks of twenty each. Each ring houses 50 persons in a dozen 25 acre estates.

Every individual is supplied a handset with which to place orders from the extraterrestrial supply. Automated support using AI software with swarms of self-replicating micro machine cells, solar powered. This along with supplies are provided for everyone on demand.

Those with homes and who wish to stay where they are on Earth are provided with power, water, food, medicines and all other needs.

Those without homes who wish to stay on Earth are supplied small portable homes where they can be placed that is convenient for the individual, and support provided the same way.

http://www.distrohome.com/unique-ado...yard-landscape

When person's leave Earth their home is removed and their belongings transported either into storage, or into their estate as desired.

Each person aboard an Earth orbiting Stanford Torus has 58 sq m dedicated to them.

Each torus masses 400,000 metric tons. That's 400 million kg. To create the first torus, assuming a 20% yield from the 1 kg initial mass requires the processing of 2 billion kg of materials on the lunar surface. This is achieved in 31 hours.

After the first torus is achieved the creation of 558,500 tori take an additional 19 hours. A total of 50 hours from the landing of the first 1 kg mass on the Moon.

Once this sun synchronous polar ring flying over the terminus of Earth is achieved, the attainment of 141 million rings arcing ahead and behind the Earth in its orbit around the Sun take an additional 8 hours. A total of 58 hours from the landing of the first 1 kg mass on the far side of the Moon.

The lunar far side

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702...e_apollo16.jpg

is itself an area some 18.96 million sq km. The construction of 1.7 billion homes on the lunar far side yields 89.6 homes per square km. This is 2.75 acres per home. A 1.8 km diameter cylinder 500 meters tall moving at 93.265 m/sec (335.7 kph) produces one gee on the interior of the cylinder angled 9.594 degrees from vertical. Like living on a hillside.

The area of the cylinder interior is equal to the area of the hexagon which admits the cylinder's base. This allows for hexagonal close packed spacing of the cylinders across the lunar surface. They are built in an excavated region and surrounded with a pressurized sphere. Each is powered by a combination of solar power and fusion power. This residential section is the topmost layer of the 'mechanical moon' - which houses deep seated industrial centres that supply for all needs of humanity.

These four regions of constructed ecologies, complete the first phase of humanity's liberation from dependency on Earth.

(1) Earth's surface, minimal, - luxury camping
(2) Low Earth Orbit, 250 m2/family - luxury apartment
(3) Lunar far side, 2.75 acres per family - executive home
(4) Interplanetary stations, 25 acres per family - estate

Travel by one to two gee personal fusion rocket car takes 40 minutes or less to travel from any point on Earth to any other, including to the stations orbiting 1,600 km above the surface along the terminus. Travel to the moon takes between 2 hours and 3.75 hours. Travel between the most distant positions along the arc - one end to the other - takes 12 hours.

In addition to personal rocket-car spacecraft there are also personal rocket-ship spacecraft about the size of a BBJ suitable for trips of many hours to many days. This gives access to the inner solar system for everyone.

Smaller spacecraft, rocket belt type or flying motorcycle types, also provide low-cost space access.

Like some personal jets, and yachts, these larger spacecraft come equipped with garaging for storage of cars, cycles, belts, to operate as tenders for the larger craft.

Fusion powered self-replicating systems sent to the four largest main belt asteroids Ceres, Vesta, Pallas, Hygeia, process 1.6e21 kg of material in 69 hours after arrival into expansive 'Bishop Rings' some 2,000 km in diameter.

Each kilometre of 130 m diameter tube carved out of rock processes 31,850 metric tons of rock. A 1 kg fusion powered self-replicating machine capable of doubling its mass every hour get's up to 1 kph in 16 hours. It reaches 500 kph - the limit of a fusion powered subterrene - in 24 hours. After that, the number of tunnels must double every hour. A globe circling tunnel is carved 80 hours. Three days eight hours. Travelling this tunnel at 11.2 km/sec - escape speed - produces a centripetal force of two gees pointed radially outward - whilst gravity pulls with one gee radially inward. This produces one gee radially outward net. Operating at three gee radially outward, with a two gee radially outward net, means travel at 13.7 km/sec.

Zero gee: 84 minutes
One gee: 59 minutes
Two gee: 49 minutes

Accelerating horizontally at one and two gees means that a certain distance is traversed getting up to speed. At one gee you traverse 3,184 km at each end taking 27 minutes and travelling to the antipodes takes a total of 43 minutes. At two gee you reach top speed in less than 10 minutes and take 30 minutes to reach antipodes. At two gee horizontal acceleration and two gee outward acceleration you take 12 minutes to reach top speed and 28 minutes to reach antipodes.

Subterranean food production with fusion powered sunlamps produce enough food for all. This combined with subterranean manufacturing, also fusion powered, and subterranean transit systems, created from materials mined from rocks in place.

A second elevator - propelled through a shaft by on board power - operating beneath an existing elevator, going 100 meters down to a changing lock, operating near the sea, is the first step into this underground world. A second larger elevator drops 1 km at 45 degrees traversing 1.41 km and moving underwater another 1 km. There a 'train station' with a self-powered maglev carriage is another transition point. This goes to one of the main 'long distance lines' which traverse to another switch point where travel to the surface along similar lines is obtained.

All the details of engineering the off-world colonies are worked out here beneath the Earth. A small ship, using advanced stealth technology, the size of a B737 BBJ airframe, fusion rocket powered, is launched from Earth to arrive at the far side of the moon. There, the first lunar base is established - a command point for the ongoing operation.

(1) Lunar far side colonies,
(2) Terrestrial orbiting Stanford Torus colonies,
(3) Solar orbiting Stanford Torus colonies,

Flight to the moon takes place in 3 hrs and 15 minutes from the centre of the Pacific Ocean. The 1.8 km diameter command cylinder is completed 19 hours later. Within a week all the colonies are completed and dispatched from the moon.

A ship is then constructed to send to Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Hygeia - and bases are constructed there. It takes nearly four days to arrive at Ceres at one gee. It takes another four days to convert the asteroids to Bishop Ring parts. It takes several weeks for those parts to be assembled into a vast array of rings. It takes several years for an ecology to be established in this array.

From this command centre - the first Bishop Ring 2.25 million sq miles in area - plans are made to mine the Sun and tap into its immense power to build the first star colony at Sol, that provides a 'new Earth' for every family on Earth today. I then lay plans to expand that colony to the 1,526 stars within 82.5 light years of Earth.

I then set off for 51 Pegasi a sun like star 50.9 light years away at Right Ascension 22h 57m 27.98004s and Declination +20° 46′ 07.7912″

Everyone has at the end of this 'year of miracles';

(1) A home on Earth supported by infrastructure underground and on orbit;
(2) An apartment orbiting Earth at a polar orbit called sunrise/sunset orbit;
(3) A 2.75 acre home on the surface of the moon;
(4) A 25 acre estate in a space colony leading or trailing Earth in its orbit;
(5) A 1700 sq km estate in a space colony in the asteroid main belt;
(6) A 660 million sq km artificial world in a space colony orbiting in a ring between 2 AU and 3AU from Sol.

with a 1,569 probes dispatched to 1,569 stars within 25 parsecs of Sol, to build within the next 90 years;

(7) 1,569 similarly sized artificial worlds on orbit around all stars within 25 parsecs of Sol for every family now on Earth.

With 5,144 years of unconstrained growth in human numbers, including control of ageing, these colonies, with no further growth whatever, would still provide living standards vastly higher than even billionaires enjoy on Earth today.

The large number of people, and their immense wealth and power, would virtually guarantee discoveries unimaginable today, which would likely change the situation well before the colonies were filled.

On Wednesday, November 27, 2013 6:13:18 PM UTC+13, William Mook wrote:
Each kilometre of 130 m diameter tube carved out of rock processes 31,850 metric tons of rock. A 1 kg fusion powered self-replicating machine capable of doubling its mass every hour get's up to 1 kph in 16 hours. It reaches 500 kph - the limit of a fusion powered subterrene - in 24 hours. After that, the number of tunnels must double every hour. A globe circling tunnel is carved 80 hours. Three days eight hours. Travelling this tunnel at 11.2 km/sec - escape speed - produces a centripetal force of two gees pointed radially outward - whilst gravity pulls with one gee radially inward. This produces one gee radially outward net. Operating at three gee radially outward, with a two gee radially outward net, means travel at 13.7 km/sec..



Zero gee: 84 minutes

One gee: 59 minutes

Two gee: 49 minutes



Accelerating horizontally at one and two gees means that a certain distance is traversed getting up to speed. At one gee you traverse 3,184 km at each end taking 27 minutes and travelling to the antipodes takes a total of 43 minutes. At two gee you reach top speed in less than 10 minutes and take 30 minutes to reach antipodes. At two gee horizontal acceleration and two gee outward acceleration you take 12 minutes to reach top speed and 28 minutes to reach antipodes.



Subterranean food production with fusion powered sunlamps produce enough food for all. This combined with subterranean manufacturing, also fusion powered, and subterranean transit systems, created from materials mined from rocks in place.



A second elevator - propelled through a shaft by on board power - operating beneath an existing elevator, going 100 meters down to a changing lock, operating near the sea, is the first step into this underground world. A second larger elevator drops 1 km at 45 degrees traversing 1.41 km and moving underwater another 1 km. There a 'train station' with a self-powered maglev carriage is another transition point. This goes to one of the main 'long distance lines' which traverse to another switch point where travel to the surface along similar lines is obtained.



All the details of engineering the off-world colonies are worked out here beneath the Earth. A small ship, using advanced stealth technology, the size of a B737 BBJ airframe, fusion rocket powered, is launched from Earth to arrive at the far side of the moon. There, the first lunar base is established - a command point for the ongoing operation.



(1) Lunar far side colonies,

(2) Terrestrial orbiting Stanford Torus colonies,

(3) Solar orbiting Stanford Torus colonies,



Flight to the moon takes place in 3 hrs and 15 minutes from the centre of the Pacific Ocean. The 1.8 km diameter command cylinder is completed 19 hours later. Within a week all the colonies are completed and dispatched from the moon.



A ship is then constructed to send to Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Hygeia - and bases are constructed there. It takes nearly four days to arrive at Ceres at one gee. It takes another four days to convert the asteroids to Bishop Ring parts. It takes several weeks for those parts to be assembled into a vast array of rings. It takes several years for an ecology to be established in this array.



From this command centre - the first Bishop Ring 2.25 million sq miles in area - plans are made to mine the Sun and tap into its immense power to build the first star colony at Sol, that provides a 'new Earth' for every family on Earth today. I then lay plans to expand that colony to the 1,526 stars within 82.5 light years of Earth.



I then set off for 51 Pegasi a sun like star 50.9 light years away at Right Ascension 22h 57m 27.98004s and Declination +20° 46′ 07.7912″



Everyone has at the end of this 'year of miracles';



(1) A home on Earth supported by infrastructure underground and on orbit;

(2) An apartment orbiting Earth at a polar orbit called sunrise/sunset orbit;

(3) A 2.75 acre home on the surface of the moon;

(4) A 25 acre estate in a space colony leading or trailing Earth in its orbit;

(5) A 1700 sq km estate in a space colony in the asteroid main belt;

(6) A 660 million sq km artificial world in a space colony orbiting in a ring between 2 AU and 3AU from Sol.



with a 1,569 probes dispatched to 1,569 stars within 25 parsecs of Sol, to build within the next 90 years;



(7) 1,569 similarly sized artificial worlds on orbit around all stars within 25 parsecs of Sol for every family now on Earth.



With 5,144 years of unconstrained growth in human numbers, including control of ageing, these colonies, with no further growth whatever, would still provide living standards vastly higher than even billionaires enjoy on Earth today.



The large number of people, and their immense wealth and power, would virtually guarantee discoveries unimaginable today, which would likely change the situation well before the colonies were filled.


Imagine a station that is 101.3 meters in diameter and 318.2 m long on the cylindrical section with spherical end caps making the entire system 419.5 m long and 101.3 m in diameter. It masses 35,160 metric tons.

This station is spinning at a rate of one revolution every 10 seconds with a rim speed of 31.5 m/sec (114 kph, 71 mph) to produce a centripetal force of 9.802 m/s2 (one gee).

This station has one end oriented toward the sun with an inflatable thin film concentrator focusing sunlight to a secondary reflector which distributes the light into the interior of the station. Illuminating half the station with an arc of light that varies according to a cosine curve over 180 degrees of rotation - varying from 1,000 W/m2 at 'high noon' to 0 W/m2 at 'dawn' and 'dusk' each removed 90 degrees ahead and 90 degrees behind 'noon'. This sunlamp spins along with the station, completing one rotation every 24 hours. In this way day and night are reliably reproduced inside the station.

The size of the mirror is determined by the distance of the station from the Sun. At one AU the mirror is 153.5 m in diameter. Diameter varies linearly with distance measured in AU. Thus at 2 AU from Sol the mirror would have to be 307.0 m in diameter to provide the same levels of illumination.

At 0.660 AU the diameter of the mirror is equal to the diameter of the station itself. At distances from Sol less than 0.660 AU the mirror would have to be the same size as the station, but only interior portions would be concentrated. The annulus would be reflected away to maintain proper interior temperatures.

Solar power also provides energy to power the processes within the station and maintain the environment.

Transport is provided by a fusion powered rocket, very similar to a BBJ airframe, excepting the large wings of the BBJ are replaced by four smaller winglets and a collection of 16 ACS fins - each covered with a propulsive skin made of an array of fusion powered rockets with an exhaust speed of 22,000 km/sec (79.2 million kph, 49.2 million mph) - that use Lithium-6 Deuteride as propellant.

http://www.boeing.com/commercial/bbj/

The spaceship is 68 m long with a 6 m diameter fuselage. (787 dimensions) It masses 553 tonnes. Four principal winglets are 1 m by 5 m in area - two located near the nose - two near the tail. Another 16 fins each 0.2 m by 1.0 m in area are located at strategic locations around the fuselage to provide positive attitude control. Wings have a 32 degree sweep back for high speed travel within an atmosphere.

The vehicle is capable of sustained three gee acceleration and boosts at one gee normally during flight. It is designed for atmospheric travel up to Mach 0.9 and nearly all lift is provided by fusion rocket action.

Smaller vehicles are prototyped by existing executive helicopters.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gnlTSbo77k
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgDJaSPlj7U

A smaller vehicle with a 17 m long and 5.6 m in diameter massing only 7 tonnes with a maximum take off weight of 12 tonnes when filled with up to 5 tonnes of payload. This vehicle carries up to 7 people. The same as the larger vehicle, but in far less comfort - even though their ranges and capabilities are comparable - and the size and comfort exceeds that of early pioneers like Apollo, Gemini, Mercury, Soyuz, and others.

The fuselage is equipped with the same array of fusion powered lifting surfaces - built on a smaller scale. The four main lifting wings are 750 mm by 150 mm each. The sixteen attitude control wings are 150 mm by 30 mm each.

The vehicle is capable of sustained three gee boost and typically operates at one gee when flying throughout the inner solar system.

Two of the larger craft and six of the smaller craft complete the 'space garage' for the twenty-five acre estate housed within the colony pressure vessel described at the outset.

This estate has a 40,000 sq ft home with outbuildings, its own organic farm and winery, horse barns, a well stocked stream, and other advantages.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u69y78jtNuE

All are highly automated with the most advanced AI available.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FC3IryWr4c8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZNzz4SaTYk

On Thursday, November 28, 2013 12:13:49 PM UTC+13, William Mook wrote:
On Wednesday, November 27, 2013 6:13:18 PM UTC+13, William Mook wrote:

Each kilometre of 130 m diameter tube carved out of rock processes 31,850 metric tons of rock. A 1 kg fusion powered self-replicating machine capable of doubling its mass every hour get's up to 1 kph in 16 hours. It reaches 500 kph - the limit of a fusion powered subterrene - in 24 hours. After that, the number of tunnels must double every hour. A globe circling tunnel is carved 80 hours. Three days eight hours. Travelling this tunnel at 11.2 km/sec - escape speed - produces a centripetal force of two gees pointed radially outward - whilst gravity pulls with one gee radially inward. This produces one gee radially outward net. Operating at three gee radially outward, with a two gee radially outward net, means travel at 13.7 km/sec.







Zero gee: 84 minutes



One gee: 59 minutes



Two gee: 49 minutes







Accelerating horizontally at one and two gees means that a certain distance is traversed getting up to speed. At one gee you traverse 3,184 km at each end taking 27 minutes and travelling to the antipodes takes a total of 43 minutes. At two gee you reach top speed in less than 10 minutes and take 30 minutes to reach antipodes. At two gee horizontal acceleration and two gee outward acceleration you take 12 minutes to reach top speed and 28 minutes to reach antipodes.







Subterranean food production with fusion powered sunlamps produce enough food for all. This combined with subterranean manufacturing, also fusion powered, and subterranean transit systems, created from materials mined from rocks in place.







A second elevator - propelled through a shaft by on board power - operating beneath an existing elevator, going 100 meters down to a changing lock, operating near the sea, is the first step into this underground world. A second larger elevator drops 1 km at 45 degrees traversing 1.41 km and moving underwater another 1 km. There a 'train station' with a self-powered maglev carriage is another transition point. This goes to one of the main 'long distance lines' which traverse to another switch point where travel to the surface along similar lines is obtained.







All the details of engineering the off-world colonies are worked out here beneath the Earth. A small ship, using advanced stealth technology, the size of a B737 BBJ airframe, fusion rocket powered, is launched from Earth to arrive at the far side of the moon. There, the first lunar base is established - a command point for the ongoing operation.







(1) Lunar far side colonies,



(2) Terrestrial orbiting Stanford Torus colonies,



(3) Solar orbiting Stanford Torus colonies,







Flight to the moon takes place in 3 hrs and 15 minutes from the centre of the Pacific Ocean. The 1.8 km diameter command cylinder is completed 19 hours later. Within a week all the colonies are completed and dispatched from the moon.







A ship is then constructed to send to Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Hygeia - and bases are constructed there. It takes nearly four days to arrive at Ceres at one gee. It takes another four days to convert the asteroids to Bishop Ring parts. It takes several weeks for those parts to be assembled into a vast array of rings. It takes several years for an ecology to be established in this array.







From this command centre - the first Bishop Ring 2.25 million sq miles in area - plans are made to mine the Sun and tap into its immense power to build the first star colony at Sol, that provides a 'new Earth' for every family on Earth today. I then lay plans to expand that colony to the 1,526 stars within 82.5 light years of Earth.







I then set off for 51 Pegasi a sun like star 50.9 light years away at Right Ascension 22h 57m 27.98004s and Declination +20° 46′ 07.7912″







Everyone has at the end of this 'year of miracles';







(1) A home on Earth supported by infrastructure underground and on orbit;



(2) An apartment orbiting Earth at a polar orbit called sunrise/sunset orbit;



(3) A 2.75 acre home on the surface of the moon;



(4) A 25 acre estate in a space colony leading or trailing Earth in its orbit;



(5) A 1700 sq km estate in a space colony in the asteroid main belt;



(6) A 660 million sq km artificial world in a space colony orbiting in a ring between 2 AU and 3AU from Sol.







with a 1,569 probes dispatched to 1,569 stars within 25 parsecs of Sol, to build within the next 90 years;







(7) 1,569 similarly sized artificial worlds on orbit around all stars within 25 parsecs of Sol for every family now on Earth.







With 5,144 years of unconstrained growth in human numbers, including control of ageing, these colonies, with no further growth whatever, would still provide living standards vastly higher than even billionaires enjoy on Earth today.







The large number of people, and their immense wealth and power, would virtually guarantee discoveries unimaginable today, which would likely change the situation well before the colonies were filled.





Imagine a station that is 101.3 meters in diameter and 318.2 m long on the cylindrical section with spherical end caps making the entire system 419.5 m long and 101.3 m in diameter. It masses 35,160 metric tons.



This station is spinning at a rate of one revolution every 10 seconds with a rim speed of 31.5 m/sec (114 kph, 71 mph) to produce a centripetal force of 9.802 m/s2 (one gee).



This station has one end oriented toward the sun with an inflatable thin film concentrator focusing sunlight to a secondary reflector which distributes the light into the interior of the station. Illuminating half the station with an arc of light that varies according to a cosine curve over 180 degrees of rotation - varying from 1,000 W/m2 at 'high noon' to 0 W/m2 at 'dawn' and 'dusk' each removed 90 degrees ahead and 90 degrees behind 'noon'. This sunlamp spins along with the station, completing one rotation every 24 hours. In this way day and night are reliably reproduced inside the station.



The size of the mirror is determined by the distance of the station from the Sun. At one AU the mirror is 153.5 m in diameter. Diameter varies linearly with distance measured in AU. Thus at 2 AU from Sol the mirror would have to be 307.0 m in diameter to provide the same levels of illumination.



At 0.660 AU the diameter of the mirror is equal to the diameter of the station itself. At distances from Sol less than 0.660 AU the mirror would have to be the same size as the station, but only interior portions would be concentrated. The annulus would be reflected away to maintain proper interior temperatures.



Solar power also provides energy to power the processes within the station and maintain the environment.



Transport is provided by a fusion powered rocket, very similar to a BBJ airframe, excepting the large wings of the BBJ are replaced by four smaller winglets and a collection of 16 ACS fins - each covered with a propulsive skin made of an array of fusion powered rockets with an exhaust speed of 22,000 km/sec (79.2 million kph, 49.2 million mph) - that use Lithium-6 Deuteride as propellant.



http://www.boeing.com/commercial/bbj/



The spaceship is 68 m long with a 6 m diameter fuselage. (787 dimensions) It masses 553 tonnes. Four principal winglets are 1 m by 5 m in area - two located near the nose - two near the tail. Another 16 fins each 0.2 m by 1.0 m in area are located at strategic locations around the fuselage to provide positive attitude control. Wings have a 32 degree sweep back for high speed travel within an atmosphere.



The vehicle is capable of sustained three gee acceleration and boosts at one gee normally during flight. It is designed for atmospheric travel up to Mach 0.9 and nearly all lift is provided by fusion rocket action.



Smaller vehicles are prototyped by existing executive helicopters.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gnlTSbo77k

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgDJaSPlj7U



A smaller vehicle with a 17 m long and 5.6 m in diameter massing only 7 tonnes with a maximum take off weight of 12 tonnes when filled with up to 5 tonnes of payload. This vehicle carries up to 7 people. The same as the larger vehicle, but in far less comfort - even though their ranges and capabilities are comparable - and the size and comfort exceeds that of early pioneers like Apollo, Gemini, Mercury, Soyuz, and others.



The fuselage is equipped with the same array of fusion powered lifting surfaces - built on a smaller scale. The four main lifting wings are 750 mm by 150 mm each. The sixteen attitude control wings are 150 mm by 30 mm each.



The vehicle is capable of sustained three gee boost and typically operates at one gee when flying throughout the inner solar system.



Two of the larger craft and six of the smaller craft complete the 'space garage' for the twenty-five acre estate housed within the colony pressure vessel described at the outset.



This estate has a 40,000 sq ft home with outbuildings, its own organic farm and winery, horse barns, a well stocked stream, and other advantages.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u69y78jtNuE



All are highly automated with the most advanced AI available.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FC3IryWr4c8



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZNzz4SaTYk

At a distance from Sol of 150 million km the circumference of the Earth's orbit is 942.4 million km. Three stations every km a total of 2,827.4 million stations are supported around the Earth's orbit. With 7.057 billion people on Earth a total of 2.5 people per station on average.

The cool part about this approach is that the stations themselves are mobile! That is, folks can pick up and move their homes wherever it suits them.

To travel from Earth to a point on Earth's orbit opposite the Sun takes four days of boost with passage very near the solar surface.

Each 160 m diameter station is separated centre to centre by 250 m, leaving a 90 m space between stations.

The total system masses 99.4 quadrillion kg. An amount of material processed in less than three days starting with a fusion powered self replicating system massing only 1 kg with a replication time of one hour.

Stations dispatched from the lunar far side to points opposite the Sun on Earth orbit, start the process. Within four days the entire 'ring' is deployed.

Starting with 0.1% of the biomass of Earth it will take nearly a year to fully populate the interior of all the stations with a self-sustaining biosphere.

After that, all future expansion of ecologies will be supported by this original set.

A sun-synchronous polar orbit that is 8,059.03 km in radius and inclined 102.964 degrees takes 2.00 hours to orbit the Earth. When launched in a sunrise/sunset orbit, above Earth's terminator, the satellite is constantly in Sunlight!

The circumference is 50,636.377 km.

A total of 6,329 cylinders 8 km in diameter and 32 km long has a flat section 24 km by 25.132 km in size. An area of 603.185 sq km each. This is an area 3,817,563 sq km in the orbit. 1,848.56 people per sq km, or 0.554 acres per family of 4.15 -

Average solar power is 1,368 W/m2. Average illumination levels on the interior is 187.5 W/m2 on average, to match conditions on the Earth's surface. A factor of 7.296 times. This is due to the day/night cycle and the dispersion of sunlight in Earth's atmosphere.

An array of inflatable optics focusing sunlight on to an optical fibre covering an area 8 km wide and 10.34 km tall intercepts enough solar energy to illuminate the interior so that it's 1,160 Watts at noon dropping off as the cosine of angle from noon, to zero at -90 degrees around the station to +90 degrees. It remains at zero through the 'night'.

While the station rotates once every 126.927 seconds to replicate Earth normal gravity on the interior, possessing a radial velocity of 198.01 m/sec (312.83 kph)- the fibre optic sunlamp array rotates with the station, lagging it slightly so that it rotates 360 degrees every 24 hours. Thus every 1047.2 meters around the circumference of the station, is another hour of day/night. One could easily walk around the station over a 24 hour period and maintain the same 'sun time'.

Each station masses 279,250,000 metric tons. A total of 6,329 cylinders masses a total of 1.7674 trillion tonnes. Starting with 1 kg self-replicating machine, this takes only 50.65 replication periods.

Starting on the back side of the moon, a 1 kg self replicating machine system, with a 1 hour replication time, powered by Lithium-6 and Deuterium found on the moon, would take a little more than two days.

To fly to the moon at one gee from Earth takes 3.75 hours. To fly back the same way, another 3.75 hours. 7.5 hours total. Add this to the replication time and we have 58.15 hours total - less than three days.

The delta vee is 70 km/sec. Carrying inert mass of 63.22% as propellant to energize, and leaving 36.78% as payload/structure we have 479.83 million tonnes of inert propellant for each station. To eject this material at 70 km/sec requires 1.176e+21 Joules of energy. This requires 4,860 tonnes of lithium6-Deuteride.

Only 0.789 million tonnes of propellant are required to spin up each station to 0.2 km/sec rotating speed. With a 70 km/sec exhaust velocity a total of 1.933e18 Joules of energy are needed for this task. A total of 8 tonnes of Lithium6 Deuteride is consumed energizing this propellant.

So, the material for each station is extracted directly from the regolith on the lunar far side. They are formed at the centres of hexagons that are 9,238 meters across covering an area of 55.431 sq km. Each dug to a depth of 6 km the assembly area processes 554.31 cubic km of lunar regolith. At 2.4 tonnes per assembly area this is 931.24 million tonnes of lunar rock per station.

6,329 stations form 6,329 hexagons covering 350,822.8 sq km - a disk 700 km across on the lunar far side.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...f_the_Moon.jpg

So, if we start at the centre of Tsiolkovski and draw a line to the centre of Milne, and rotate an arc 360 degrees - that's the size of the work area for the 6,329 hexagons.

It will be an awesome sight to see 6,329 stations each 32 km long and 8 km in diameter rising from the lunar surface at one gee! Wow! Spread across a region 700 miles across!

Each of the cylinders are loaded up for transit, and depart the moon, arriving at their assigned locations on Earth orbit - boosting into that orbit. They then spin up their rotational speed after arrival, actually interlocking like gears, and allowing folks to easily move from one station to the other. It takes a minute to traverse the station rotating through 180 degrees, It takes bout 105 hours to travel around the world jumping from station to station. Of course, this is how freight moves around the ring. People and high value cargoes travel by maglev - solar powered of course - arriving anywhere in 40 minutes at two gee acceleration.

The self-replicating machine system left behind on the moon continues to operate. Building a another cylinder rotating on magnetic bearings on the lunar surface - still 8 km in diameter. Standing on its end, the cylinder interior will feel like a hill sloping at 9.594 degrees in the lunar gravity.

Reaching the lower end of the cylinder, and walking the 6,283 meters from the end to the center point the cylindrical end cap changes angle with travel. For example, at 3,142 meters down the 'slope' gravity falls from 1 gee to 0.7168 gees. Except here the slope goes from 9.594 degrees 'downhill' to 31.556 degrees up hill over this distance. The 22 meter diameter opening at the end is moving at only 2 kph. This is slow enough to step on to a stationary surface - easy to traverse as a moving side walk.

To illuminate the interiors of these stations with sunlight require a solar power satellite with solar pumped thin disk lasers to operate continuously at L2 above the Lunar Far side. The habitable area is equal to that of the Earth orbiting sun synchronous ring. Providing second homes for 7.057 billion people.

The self replicating machines continue to process the lunar interior, building an annulus around the 700 km diameter habitation zone. Additional cylinders are added beneath the first layer, up to 80 km deep. Increasing habitable areas 10x. Cylinders may also be launched again and other cylinders moved up. So, functions can change. Acceleration though is limited to perhaps 1/2 gee so cylinders don't have to undergo loading and unloading, and launched while rotating will create gyroscopic forces that have to be contended with during guidance.

A single layer of lunar cylinders the size described will need a solar collector satellite at L2 some 1,000 km in diameter. A similar satellite 3,200 km in diameter illuminates 10 cylinder layers deep adequately.

Operating at 1600 x intensity at Earth and beaming laser energy from near sol to L2, reduces primary collector diameter by a factor of 40 - reducing them to 25 km and 77 km respectively. Receivers at L2 are even smaller.

Operating on the solar surface, and efficiently producing positronium which is than transferred to where its needed, requires only 5 km and 15 km respectively on the surface of the Sun to keep the lunar interior illuminated. This also frees operations from reliance on Lithium-6 Deuteride.

Moving 279.25 million tonnes at 99% light speed requires 3,660 million tonnes of positronium. To accelerate this mass to 99% light speed requires 51,631.5 million tonnes of positronium.

Interesting to note that 77.7 O'Neill sized Colonies PER SECOND could be outfitted with the required positronium superfluid to accelerate to 99% light speed and then slowed back to interplanetary speed - by tapping into all the sun's output efficiently.

At 8 billion tonnes per cubic kilometer a sphere 3.633 km in diameter holds sufficient positronium to achieve this navigational feat.

At 1/3 gee it takes 2.9 years to get up to speed and 2.9 years to slow down from speed. You traverse 1.0 light year every 0.14107 years ship time! Thus 6.4 years ship time to Alpha Centauri.

Here's a G-type star 51 light years away

Mu Arae Ara 17h 44m 08.70s −51° 50′ 02.6″ 5.15 51 G3IV-V

It takes 12.4 years ship time to reach this star.

Of course suspended animation is a solved problem these days, so what you do during transit is up to you!

After arrival at the target star, the same technology that I've described elsewhere, to tap into the Sun's output, can be used to tap into the target star's output. This allows quick refuelling of the Starship. In this way exploration can continue - or return to Earth can occur.

So, if you draw in Sketchup a sphere 8 units in diameter, bisect it - fill each end cap with a cylinder 8 units in diameter and 24 units long - you have the basic cylinder. You have a sunlamp running down the centre as described. At the tail end you have a 3.7 unit diameter sphere that is made up of nanoscale crystalline material that holds postronium superfluid at 8 kg/litre.

This gives you an idea of the sort of ship we're talking about.

The entire system is constructed spinning to produce one gee at the interior when sitting in the 1/3 gee on the surface of mars. It takes off at 2/3 gee and drops its gee force to 1/3 gee through rocket action for 2.9 years. It then flies through space, with only 94.28% normal gravity.

The same self-replicating systems that transform life for everyone on Earth in hours, operate anywhere humanity visits, creating any sort of life one desires.