Robotic Flyby Spectroscopy of an Asteroid

On Apr 6, 2:16*pm, Brad Guth wrote:
On Apr 5, 10:59*am, American wrote:





On Apr 1, 7:33*pm, Brad Guth wrote:

On Apr 1, 11:01*am, American wrote:

You can't even get yourself into the MODE of doing this Guth?

The applet program developer for a prospective SAR user community can
become an SAR Applet Development Partner. There is no cost involved..
However, all applet programs must be submitted to any developer for
testing and approval before Mercenary Marketing will promote any
applet to a general SAR user community. Depending on the nature of an
applet program, one may distribute it as shareware (free software) or
as a purchasable item. An SAR *can assist interested parties in
preparing their applets for distribution by,

• * * customizing an installation program for applet programs using
industry standard installation software
• * * assisting you in creating help files for your applet that are
accessible through an MM SAR WorkBench help-viewer
• * * listing your applet programs on our MM Website and in promotional
mailings
• * * invoicing, sales processing, product distribution, and accounting
for royalty distributions if your applet is distributed as a
purchasable item
• * * providing direct technical support to an SAR System user who is
using your applet programs on the condition that you provide back-end
support to MM’s SAR technical support staff.

Just some additional thoughts regarding how one can involve others in
deciding what could be a winning proposal with more people entering
the marketplace of ideas, and for establishing the prospect of
asteroid mapping using distributively simulated SAR technology.

~

? SAR (radar imaging?)

Why not use 3D gamma secondary/recoil imaging?

*~ BG- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

Gamma ray spectroscopy is fully integrated into SAR systems:

http://www.grss-ieee.org/ieee-grs-s-...e-paper-award/

For information concerning X-ray Stimulated Photon Spectroscopy (XPS)
and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), check out:

http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/publications/psiw/psiw3.html.

It was recorded that the AES method uses focused electron beams rather
than X-rays to perform molecular studies, but that electron beams have
better spatial resolution. However, both of these methods were
recommended for on-site inspection of extraterrestial sources.

A robotic flyby would use a high resolution imaging spectrophotometer
capable of mapping the molecular surface of up to a square mile of
territory within a few hours. Parallel processing has already achieved
mapping tens of billions of particle collisions to describe flow in
fluids. (ref. Brosl Hasslacher, Lattice Gas Automata, published
August, 1985, and Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol. 46, Cellular
Automata and Modeling of Complex Systems, p. 312, A Cellular Automata
Machine). Image processing could eliminate extraneous signatures to
only include the precise location of targeted molecules. (ref.
Ronnqvist, Pedersen, Fransson, Gustafsson, Kullander, Kjensmo, Nygard,
Kjensmo, Ellingsberg, and Weilhammer, A 64-Channel Pixel Readout Chip
For Dynamic X-ray Imaging, p. 351-355, 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science
Symposium, Anaheim, California), and Robert T. Cleary, A New CAMAC and
VXIbus High Performance Highway Interconnect, p. 460-464).

A collection of the most probable densities could then provide a map
for exploration, e.g.

“Algorithmic Foundation of Spectral Rarefaction for Measuring
Satellite Imagery Heterogeneity at Multiple Spatial Scales”:

http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/1/303/pdf

All radar systems pass the data from the matched filter to a
subsystem, referred to as the Detection Processor (DP), that
accomplishes data compression by comparing the matched filtered data
to a threshold. *The potential targets (i.e., those that exceed the
threshold) are flagged and the remaining data may be rejected. *A
block diagram of one possible general DP structure is shown at:

http://home.comcast.net/~samuel_ransom/fig1c.gif

At the input of the DP is the MCA, or Multi-Channel Analyzer, which
involves a FWD radix-4 and INVERSE radix-4 pipeline FFT (see section
on pipeline architecture). *After the MCA, is a magnitude calculation
which involves a subsystem that approximates the magnitude to the I
and Q samples, where I is the intensity of the signal and Q is the
number of samples over the block size.

This is an amplitude estimator that calculates an estimate of the peak
amplitude of the signal based upon the amplitude of the three nearest
samples. *This CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) subsystem provides an
estimate of the ambient noise or clutter level so that the threshold
can be varied dynamically to stabilize the false alarm rate.

The threshold logic unit selects which of several possible thresholds
is to be compared with the estimated signal amplitude thru the CFAR or
Multi-Channel Analyzer.

MCB or Multi-Channel Background, shows the broad spectrum
characteristics of the waveform, which is an input to an MCA emulator
for analysis. *Finally, a comparator sets the ith bit of a binary
channel (BC) whenever the ith amplitude estimate exceeds the selected
threshold level.

~

So why are we not being properly informed as to the surface minerals
of our moon/Selene?

*~ BG- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

As was stated in the parallel post "How to Make Use of an Asteroid on
Earth":

"The regolith in asteroids is cabonaceous - a clay-like substance
that
yeilds water upon heating. Stiudies have been done using solar
furnaces to extract the water as steam, and then recondense.

A ton of oxygen can then be split from 1.125 tons of recondensed
water
with approximately 5 tons of asteroidal regolith (carbonaceous).

Thus there is 1/10 the energy used to extract it compared to what it
would take with moon dirt - ilmenite, not to mention the external
source of hydrogen required - so on the contrary - the asteroid dirt
produces 0.125 tons hydrogen/ton oxygen using electrolysis, and a
remote source of water/oxygen is thus validated for use on manned
missions."

So, as stated earlier, it's just a cheaper way to go.

The example that I'm presenting here is a distributively based, GUI-
based program whose "master" reads, and then generates and displays a
time-domain signal, distributively consisting of two sinusoids plus
optional random noise, and then determines and displays the frequency
spectrum of the signal.

The program displays the time signal and the corresponding frequency
spectrum, with GUI elements.


American

On Apr 5, 1:59*pm, American wrote:
On Apr 1, 7:33*pm, Brad Guth wrote:





On Apr 1, 11:01*am, American wrote:

You can't even get yourself into the MODE of doing this Guth?

The applet program developer for a prospective SAR user community can
become an SAR Applet Development Partner. There is no cost involved.
However, all applet programs must be submitted to any developer for
testing and approval before Mercenary Marketing will promote any
applet to a general SAR user community. Depending on the nature of an
applet program, one may distribute it as shareware (free software) or
as a purchasable item. An SAR *can assist interested parties in
preparing their applets for distribution by,

• * * customizing an installation program for applet programs using
industry standard installation software
• * * assisting you in creating help files for your applet that are
accessible through an MM SAR WorkBench help-viewer
• * * listing your applet programs on our MM Website and in promotional
mailings
• * * invoicing, sales processing, product distribution, and accounting
for royalty distributions if your applet is distributed as a
purchasable item
• * * providing direct technical support to an SAR System user who is
using your applet programs on the condition that you provide back-end
support to MM’s SAR technical support staff.

Just some additional thoughts regarding how one can involve others in
deciding what could be a winning proposal with more people entering
the marketplace of ideas, and for establishing the prospect of
asteroid mapping using distributively simulated SAR technology.

~

? SAR (radar imaging?)

Why not use 3D gamma secondary/recoil imaging?

*~ BG- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

Gamma ray spectroscopy is fully integrated into SAR systems:

http://www.grss-ieee.org/ieee-grs-s-...e-paper-award/

For information concerning X-ray Stimulated Photon Spectroscopy (XPS)
and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), check out:

http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/publications/psiw/psiw3.html.

It was recorded that the AES method uses focused electron beams rather
than X-rays to perform molecular studies, but that electron beams have
better spatial resolution. However, both of these methods were
recommended for on-site inspection of extraterrestial sources.

A robotic flyby would use a high resolution imaging spectrophotometer
capable of mapping the molecular surface of up to a square mile of
territory within a few hours. Parallel processing has already achieved
mapping tens of billions of particle collisions to describe flow in
fluids. (ref. Brosl Hasslacher, Lattice Gas Automata, published
August, 1985, and Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol. 46, Cellular
Automata and Modeling of Complex Systems, p. 312, A Cellular Automata
Machine). Image processing could eliminate extraneous signatures to
only include the precise location of targeted molecules. (ref.
Ronnqvist, Pedersen, Fransson, Gustafsson, Kullander, Kjensmo, Nygard,
Kjensmo, Ellingsberg, and Weilhammer, A 64-Channel Pixel Readout Chip
For Dynamic X-ray Imaging, p. 351-355, 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science
Symposium, Anaheim, California), and Robert T. Cleary, A New CAMAC and
VXIbus High Performance Highway Interconnect, p. 460-464).

A collection of the most probable densities could then provide a map
for exploration, e.g.

“Algorithmic Foundation of Spectral Rarefaction for Measuring
Satellite Imagery Heterogeneity at Multiple Spatial Scales”:

http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/1/303/pdf

All radar systems pass the data from the matched filter to a
subsystem, referred to as the Detection Processor (DP), that
accomplishes data compression by comparing the matched filtered data
to a threshold. *The potential targets (i.e., those that exceed the
threshold) are flagged and the remaining data may be rejected. *A
block diagram of one possible general DP structure is shown at:

http://home.comcast.net/~samuel_ransom/fig1c.gif

At the input of the DP is the MCA, or Multi-Channel Analyzer, which
involves a FWD radix-4 and INVERSE radix-4 pipeline FFT (see section
on pipeline architecture). *After the MCA, is a magnitude calculation
which involves a subsystem that approximates the magnitude to the I
and Q samples, where I is the intensity of the signal and Q is the
number of samples over the block size.

This is an amplitude estimator that calculates an estimate of the peak
amplitude of the signal based upon the amplitude of the three nearest
samples. *This CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) subsystem provides an
estimate of the ambient noise or clutter level so that the threshold
can be varied dynamically to stabilize the false alarm rate.

The threshold logic unit selects which of several possible thresholds
is to be compared with the estimated signal amplitude thru the CFAR or
Multi-Channel Analyzer.

MCB or Multi-Channel Background, shows the broad spectrum
characteristics of the waveform, which is an input to an MCA emulator
for analysis. *Finally, a comparator sets the ith bit of a binary
channel (BC) whenever the ith amplitude estimate exceeds the selected
threshold level.

~- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

I'm answering myself here. How odd.

As was stated in the parallel post "How to Make Use of an Asteroid on
Earth":

"The regolith in asteroids is cabonaceous - a clay-like substance
that yields water upon heating. Studies have been done using solar
furnaces to extract the water as steam, and then recondense.
A ton of oxygen can then be split from 1.125 tons of recondensed
water with approximately 5 tons of asteroidal
regolith (carbonaceous).

Thus there is 1/10 the energy used to extract it compared to what it
would take with moon dirt - ilmenite, not to mention the external
source of hydrogen required - so on the contrary - the asteroid dirt
produces 0.125 tons hydrogen/ton oxygen using electrolysis, and a
remote source of water/oxygen is thus validated for use on manned
missions."

So, as stated earlier, it's just a cheaper way to go.

The example that I'm presenting here is distributively based, GUI-
based program whose ‘master’ reads, and then generates and displays
a time-domain signal, distributively consisting of two sinusoids plus
optional random noise, and then determines and displays the frequency
spectrum of the signal.

The distributive program displays the time signal and the corres-
ponding frequency spectrum, with GUI elements.

If a particular user’s applet is distributed as a purchasable item
Upon WorkBench approval, then as previously mentioned, technical

support to an SAR System user can utilize your applet programs
on the condition that you provide back-end support to MM’s SAR
technical support staff.

Each approved “user” would then have the ability to coordinate the
change in frequency, amplitude, and phase of each sinusoid,
which would become based upon the actual x-ray and gamma
frequency ranges in a “flyby” of scanned regolith.

Each scan can be for a different mineral, including H2O “ice”
crystal, that may be available in the C2M and C1I (“I” stands for
“Ivuna”) classes of carbonaceous chrondites, each containing
About 20% H2O (2% H) and 10% H2O.

So what's the hangup with Semites/Nazis being too much in
control of anything worth investigating - just for the sake of
maintaining an interest level?

Please stop the topic and/or author bashing without having
anything of substance to add, otherwise please help to strengthen
the impetus for establishing a better, cheaper earth-to-orbit
economy without the usual NASA entitlement programs getting involved.

Thanks,

American

On Apr 7, 4:54*pm, American wrote:
On Apr 5, 1:59*pm, American wrote:





On Apr 1, 7:33*pm, Brad Guth wrote:

On Apr 1, 11:01*am, American wrote:

You can't even get yourself into the MODE of doing this Guth?

The applet program developer for a prospective SAR user community can
become an SAR Applet Development Partner. There is no cost involved..
However, all applet programs must be submitted to any developer for
testing and approval before Mercenary Marketing will promote any
applet to a general SAR user community. Depending on the nature of an
applet program, one may distribute it as shareware (free software) or
as a purchasable item. An SAR *can assist interested parties in
preparing their applets for distribution by,

• * * customizing an installation program for applet programs using
industry standard installation software
• * * assisting you in creating help files for your applet that are
accessible through an MM SAR WorkBench help-viewer
• * * listing your applet programs on our MM Website and in promotional
mailings
• * * invoicing, sales processing, product distribution, and accounting
for royalty distributions if your applet is distributed as a
purchasable item
• * * providing direct technical support to an SAR System user who is
using your applet programs on the condition that you provide back-end
support to MM’s SAR technical support staff.

Just some additional thoughts regarding how one can involve others in
deciding what could be a winning proposal with more people entering
the marketplace of ideas, and for establishing the prospect of
asteroid mapping using distributively simulated SAR technology.

~

? SAR (radar imaging?)

Why not use 3D gamma secondary/recoil imaging?

*~ BG- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

Gamma ray spectroscopy is fully integrated into SAR systems:

http://www.grss-ieee.org/ieee-grs-s-...e-paper-award/

For information concerning X-ray Stimulated Photon Spectroscopy (XPS)
and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), check out:

http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/publications/psiw/psiw3.html.

It was recorded that the AES method uses focused electron beams rather
than X-rays to perform molecular studies, but that electron beams have
better spatial resolution. However, both of these methods were
recommended for on-site inspection of extraterrestial sources.

A robotic flyby would use a high resolution imaging spectrophotometer
capable of mapping the molecular surface of up to a square mile of
territory within a few hours. Parallel processing has already achieved
mapping tens of billions of particle collisions to describe flow in
fluids. (ref. Brosl Hasslacher, Lattice Gas Automata, published
August, 1985, and Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol. 46, Cellular
Automata and Modeling of Complex Systems, p. 312, A Cellular Automata
Machine). Image processing could eliminate extraneous signatures to
only include the precise location of targeted molecules. (ref.
Ronnqvist, Pedersen, Fransson, Gustafsson, Kullander, Kjensmo, Nygard,
Kjensmo, Ellingsberg, and Weilhammer, A 64-Channel Pixel Readout Chip
For Dynamic X-ray Imaging, p. 351-355, 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science
Symposium, Anaheim, California), and Robert T. Cleary, A New CAMAC and
VXIbus High Performance Highway Interconnect, p. 460-464).

A collection of the most probable densities could then provide a map
for exploration, e.g.

“Algorithmic Foundation of Spectral Rarefaction for Measuring
Satellite Imagery Heterogeneity at Multiple Spatial Scales”:

http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/1/303/pdf

All radar systems pass the data from the matched filter to a
subsystem, referred to as the Detection Processor (DP), that
accomplishes data compression by comparing the matched filtered data
to a threshold. *The potential targets (i.e., those that exceed the
threshold) are flagged and the remaining data may be rejected. *A
block diagram of one possible general DP structure is shown at:

http://home.comcast.net/~samuel_ransom/fig1c.gif

At the input of the DP is the MCA, or Multi-Channel Analyzer, which
involves a FWD radix-4 and INVERSE radix-4 pipeline FFT (see section
on pipeline architecture). *After the MCA, is a magnitude calculation
which involves a subsystem that approximates the magnitude to the I
and Q samples, where I is the intensity of the signal and Q is the
number of samples over the block size.

This is an amplitude estimator that calculates an estimate of the peak
amplitude of the signal based upon the amplitude of the three nearest
samples. *This CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) subsystem provides an
estimate of the ambient noise or clutter level so that the threshold
can be varied dynamically to stabilize the false alarm rate.

The threshold logic unit selects which of several possible thresholds
is to be compared with the estimated signal amplitude thru the CFAR or
Multi-Channel Analyzer.

MCB or Multi-Channel Background, shows the broad spectrum
characteristics of the waveform, which is an input to an MCA emulator
for analysis. *Finally, a comparator sets the ith bit of a binary
channel (BC) whenever the ith amplitude estimate exceeds the selected
threshold level.

~- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

I'm answering myself here. How odd.

As was stated in the parallel post "How to Make Use of an Asteroid on
Earth":

"The regolith in asteroids is cabonaceous - a clay-like substance
that yields water upon heating. Studies have been done using solar
furnaces to extract the water as steam, and then recondense.
A ton of oxygen can then be split from 1.125 tons of recondensed
water with approximately 5 tons of asteroidal
regolith (carbonaceous).

Thus there is 1/10 the energy used to extract it compared to what it
would take with moon dirt - ilmenite, not to mention the external
source of hydrogen required - so on the contrary - the asteroid dirt
produces 0.125 tons hydrogen/ton oxygen using electrolysis, and a
remote source of water/oxygen is thus validated for use on manned
missions."

So, as stated earlier, it's just a cheaper way to go.

The example that I'm presenting here is distributively based, GUI-
based program whose ‘master’ reads, and then generates and displays
a time-domain signal, distributively consisting of two sinusoids plus
optional random noise, and then determines and displays the frequency
spectrum of the signal.

The distributive program displays the time signal and the corres-
ponding frequency spectrum, with GUI elements.

If a particular user’s applet is distributed as a purchasable item
Upon WorkBench approval, then as previously mentioned, technical

support to an SAR System user can utilize your applet programs
on the condition that you provide back-end support to MM’s SAR
technical support staff.

Each approved “user” would then have the ability to coordinate the
change in frequency, amplitude, and phase of each sinusoid,
which would become based upon the actual x-ray and gamma
frequency ranges in a “flyby” of scanned regolith.

Each scan can be for a different mineral, including H2O “ice”
crystal, that may be available in the C2M and C1I (“I” stands for
“Ivuna”) classes of carbonaceous chrondites, each containing
About 20% H2O (2% H) and 10% H2O.

So what's the hangup with Semites/Nazis being too much in
control of anything worth investigating - just for the sake of
maintaining an interest level?

Please stop the topic and/or author bashing without having
anything of substance to add, otherwise please help to strengthen
the impetus for establishing a better, cheaper earth-to-orbit
economy without the usual NASA entitlement programs getting involved.

Thanks,

American- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

Try establishing even a small nuke-pulsed test facility, and then leap
head-first into the overlegislating requirements - "Homeland Security"
will outnumber "safe use" practices ten to one!

Overlegislated nuclear hazard & handling requirements can stall the
delivery of nuclear materials primarily because there are more Dept.
Energy "inspectors" involved, who are unable to work together in
forming an accurate timeline of deliverables, which would arrive at
some propulsion test facility for further manufacturing and processing
of the nuclear fuel into propulsive type units.

However, prior to arrival of the nuclear material, simulated pellets
may be used in a prototype design for a pellet "launcher" with the
following characteristics:


Feed Line Design

Coil for the axial magnetic field "pellet launcher" would be a
"simulator" of the LHe-4 superconducting circuit. With specifications
for the axial coil calculated, a correlation between the laboratory
version and the working model can be made on the basis of coil life
expectancy.

Assuming that LHe-4 is a perfect magnetic conductor, as well as a heat
sink for the injector, the coil life expectancy has to increase to
withstand a specific impulse of several minutes.

The ratio of coil spacing to coil radius is an important factor in
determining coil efficiency. With d = coil spacing, R = effective coil
radius, and p_r = pellet radius = 3.94/2, then the exiter coil and
axial field coil would depend upon the design velocity, or ddw /
(delta)(phi), where ddw represents the incremental change in radial
frequency (sec^-1), and delta(phi) is the constant current phase angle
difference imposed between adjacent coils in radians.

For a 3-dome system, there are 360 coils per dome, with each
representing a separate charging unit to the pellet injector.

There are 600 total charging units (of 360 coils each) per thruster.

The length of a single charging unit (360)(0.01313m) = 4.7268 meters,
and so grouping numbers of charging units into a single fuel cell
would require the length of the fuel cell to be a multiple of 4.7268
m.

A 15 second fuel cell would be

15(4.7268) = 70.902 meters

A 10 second fuel cell:

10(4.7268) = 47.268 meters

A six second fuel cell:

6(4.7268) = 28.36 meters

A five second fuel cell:

5(4.7268) = 23.634 meters

23.634 meters = 77' 6-15/32"

Choosing the five second fuel cell for reasons of compacting fuel
cells together into a single unit,

Fuel cell_total = 600 second total impulse / 5 seconds per cell

= 120 cells / thruster

We're also assuming that each cell's overall diameter (w/coolant lines
attached) is 7.5 cm diameter.

The feed lines should support a ten minute charge or six second total
specific impulse. This wwould require a total of 111,672 inches of
feed lines packed with pellets.

75 lines @ 1,489 inches/line can provide a maximum pellet repitition
rate of 120 pellets/second for a ten minute specific impulse.

Each feed line has a machined spiral surface contour on its inside
surface.

The coils are individually charged with dielectric capacitors, whose
thicknesses and strengths have been chosen to provide different
intensities of magnetohydrodynnamic force along the length of the
coil.

Ideas of this sort, IMHO, are just one of the many ways in which to
drive a more massive earth-to-orbit technology, but it would do so
without overextending the regulation that would tend to impede, if not
halt, the effort to which the R&D becomes applied.

It's also the long-term follow-up that can only serve to expand our
ingenuity, as well as our presence in the free-market system of
extraterrestrial resource development.



American

"It has pleased Almighty God to vouchsafe signal victories to the land
and naval forces engaged in suppressing an internal rebellion, and at
the same time to avert from our country the dangers of foreign
intervention and invasion..."

- Abraham Lincoln

Assuming that each 3.94" diameter pellet weighs 2.261 grams, then
2.261(120 pellets) = 271.33 g

Velocity of the pellet into the injector

(V_f - V_i) / sec = 4.728 m / sec^2

1 dyne - 1 cm/sec^2/gm

(271.33)(4728) = 1,282,848.24 dynes can move
271.33g @ 4,728 cm/sec^2 (assumed w/o friction),

so the magnetic force

1,282,848.24 oersted

utilizes a field inductor with H = 1,282,848.24 Oe

phi = unit of magnetic flux = [N(i)(a)(mue)] / l =

[(360)(i)(pi)(0.2m)^2(100,000 henry/meter)] /(0.936m),

where for i = 1 amp,

= 48,332.1946 webers (or Teslas/m^2) = F/S


Additional Notes:

360 = # coils
i = #amps
0.2m^2 = radii of coil inductor
100,000 = SuperMalloy absolute permeability @ 20 gauss
1 Newton = 10^5 dynes
F/S = magnetomotive force / reluctance = #gilberts / reluctance
i_a = F / N_a, where F = # gilberts & N_a = total turns of coil

so if i = 1 amp, then 1 amp = 360 gilberts (amp turns) / 360 turns

phi = 48,332.1946 = 360 / R

- R = reluctance = 0.00744845

On Apr 8, 1:46*pm, American wrote:
Assuming that each 3.94" diameter pellet weighs 2.261 grams, then
2.261(120 pellets) = 271.33 g

Velocity of the pellet into the injector

(V_f - V_i) / sec = 4.728 m / sec^2

1 dyne - 1 cm/sec^2/gm

(271.33)(4728) = 1,282,848.24 dynes can move
271.33g @ 4,728 cm/sec^2 (assumed w/o friction),

so the magnetic force

1,282,848.24 oersted

utilizes a field inductor with H = 1,282,848.24 Oe

phi = unit of magnetic flux = [N(i)(a)(mue)] / l =

[(360)(i)(pi)(0.2m)^2(100,000 henry/meter)] /(0.936m),

where for i = 1 amp,

= 48,332.1946 webers (or Teslas/m^2) = F/S

Additional Notes:

360 = # coils
i = #amps
0.2m^2 = radii of coil inductor
100,000 = SuperMalloy absolute permeability @ 20 gauss
1 Newton = 10^5 dynes
F/S = magnetomotive force / reluctance = #gilberts / reluctance
i_a = F / N_a, where F = # gilberts & N_a = total turns of coil

so if i = 1 amp, then 1 amp = 360 gilberts (amp turns) / 360 turns

phi = 48,332.1946 = 360 / R

- R = reluctance = 0.00744845

Can you and Mook work on the same research without either of you going
postal?

If so, the new and improved NASA think-tank is well on its way towards
making serious progress.

~ BG

The following is quite possibly not a complete list of the
requirements for the shipment of radioactive materials.

Each of these requirements have links to their subparts, which carry
ordinances subject to fines, as listed in various other sections,
e.g. "Overpack Requirements", 173.25(a), the fine is $3,000,
"Reconditioner Requirements", 173.28, the fine is $6,000 to $10,800,
“”Portable and IM Tank Requirements”, 173.32e, 173.32c, 173.315, the
fines are $3,500 to $7,000, $3,500, and $3,500, respectively, as well
as many others listed (~150).

Other requirements concerning the transportation of hazardous (i.e.
radioactive) materials and their packaging/on-loading/off-loading
requirements are spelled out in minute detail, with fines applicable
to each phase of the delivery process:

Subpart A General

173.1 Purpose and scope.

173.2 Hazardous materials classes and index to hazard class
definitions.

173.2a Classification of a material having more than one hazard.

173.3 Packaging and exceptions.

173.4 Small quantity exceptions.

173.5 Agricultural operations.

173.4a Excepted quantities.

173.5a Oilfield service vehicles and mechanical displacement meter
provers.

173.4b De minimis exceptions.

173.6 Materials of trade exceptions.

173.7 Government operations and materials.

173.8 Exceptions for non-specification packagings used in intrastate
transportation.

173.9 Transport vehicles or freight containers containing lading
which has been fumigated.

173.10 Tank car shipments.

173.12 Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

173.13 Exceptions for class 3, divisions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1, and
classes 8 and 9 materials.

Subpart B Preparation of hazardous materials for transportation
173.21 Forbidden materials and packages.

173.22 Shipper’s responsibility.

173.22a Use of packagings authorized under special permits.

173.23 Previously authorized packaging.

173.24 General requirements for packagings and packages.

173.24a Additional general requirements for non-bulk packagings and
packages.

173.24b Additional general requirements for bulk packagings.

173.25 Authorized packagings and overpacks.

173.26 Quantity limitations.

173.27 General requirements for transportation by aircraft.

173.28 Reuse, reconditioning and remanufacture of packagings.

173.29 Empty packagings.

173.30 Loading and unloading of transport vehicles.

173.31 Use of tank cars.

173.32 Requirements for the use of portable tanks.

173.33 Hazardous materials in cargo tank motor vehicles.

173.34 [Removed]

173.35 Hazardous materials in IBCs.

173.40 General packaging requirements for toxic materials packaged in
cylinders.

Subpart C Definitions, Classification and Packaging for Class 1
173.50 Class 1—definitions.

173.51 Authorization to offer and transport explosives.

173.52 Classification codes and compatibility groups of explosives.

173.53 Provisions for using old classifications of explosives.

173.54 Forbidden explosives.

173.56 New explosives—definition and procedures for classification
and approval.

173.57 Acceptance criteria for new explosives.

173.58 Assignment of class and division for new explosives.

173.59 Description of terms for explosives.

173.60 General packaging requirements for explosives.

173.61 Mixed packaging requirements.

173.62 Specific packaging requirements for explosives.

173.63 Packaging exceptions.

Subpart H [Reserved]
Subpart I Class 7 (radioactive) materials
173.401 Scope.

173.403 Definitions.

173.410 General design requirements.

173.411 Industrial packagings.

173.412 Additional design requirements for Type A packages.

173.413 Requirements for Type B packages.

173.415 Authorized Type A packages.

173.416 Authorized Type B packages.

173.417 Authorized fissile materials packages.

173.418 Authorized packages — pyrophoric Class 7 (radioactive)
materials.

173.419 Authorized packages — oxidizing Class 7 (radioactive)
materials.

173.420 Uranium hexafluoride (fissile, fissile excepted and non-
fissile).

173.421 Excepted packages for limited quantities of Class 7
(radioactive) materials.

173.422 Additional requirements for excepted packages containing
Class 7 (radioactive) materials.

173.423 Requirements for multiple hazard limited quantity Class 7
(radioactive) materials.

173.424 Excepted packages for radioactive instruments and articles.

173.425 Table of activity limits — excepted quantities and articles.

173.426 Excepted packages for articles containing natural uranium or
thorium.

173.427 Transport requirements for low specific activity (LSA) Class
7 (radioactive) materials and surface contaminated objects (SCO).

173.428 Empty Class 7 (radioactive) materials packaging.

173.431 Activity limits for Type A and Type B packages.

173.433 Requirements for determining basic radio-nuclide values, and
for the listing of radionuclides on shipping papers and labels.

173.434 Activity-mass relationships for uranium and natural thorium.

173.435 Table of A1 and A2 values for radionuclides.

173.436 Exempt material activity concentrations and exempt
consignment activity limits for radionuclides.

173.441 Radiation level limitations and exclusive use provisions.

173.442 Thermal limitations.

173.443 Contamination control.

173.447 Storage incident to transportation — general requirements.

173.448 General transportation requirements.

173.453 Fissile materials — exceptions.

173.457 Transportation of fissile material packages — specific
requirements.

173.459 Mixing of fissile material packages with non-fissile or
fissile-excepted material packages.

173.461 Demonstration of compliance with tests.

173.462 Preparation of specimens for testing.

173.465 Type A packaging tests.

173.466 Additional tests for Type A packagings designed for liquids
and gases.

173.467 Tests for demonstrating the ability of Type B and fissile
materials packagings to withstand accident conditions in
transportation.

173.468 Test for LSA–III material.

173.469 Tests for special form Class 7 (radioactive) materials.

173.471 Requirements for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission approved
packages.

173.472 Requirements for exporting DOT specification Type B and
fissile packages.

173.473 Requirements for foreign-made packages.

173.474 Quality control for construction of packaging.

173.475 Quality control requirements prior to each shipment of Class
7 (radioactive) materials.

173.476 Approval of special form Class 7 (radioactive) materials.

173.477 Approval of packagings containing greater than 0.1 kg of non-
fissile or fissile-excepted uranium hexafluoride.

Subparts J–O [Reserved]
Pt. 173, A Appendix A to Part 173 [Reserved]

Pt. 173, A Appendix B to Part 173—Procedure for testing chemical
compatibility and rate of permeation in plastic packaging and
receptacles

Pt. 173, A Appendix C to Part 173—Procedure for base-level vibration
testing

Pt. 173, A Appendix D to Part 173—Test methods for dynamite
(explosive, blasting, type A)

Pt. 173, A Appendixes E—G to Part 173 [Reserved]

Pt. 173, A Appendix H to Part 173—Method of testing for sustained
combustibility

If these requirements seem a little stiff, then it’s probably because
of their transport across populated areas deemed “hazardous”
throughout the U.S. via truck, rail, boat, and/or air. One might tend
to believe that if there were shipments of radioactive materials being
mined on the asteroids, the requirements might be less burdensome,
esp. if proper protective clothing, i.e. spacesuits were being worn
24/7 during processing.

An example of rad-protective clothing and man-made environments, which
may obliterate the burden of regulations surrounding the handling of
nuclear materials has been listed as density stats for radiation
protection:

Space Suit: 0.25 g/cm2
Command module: 7-8 g/cm2
Space Shuttle: 10-11 g/cm2
ISS Hull: 15 g/cm2
Scalar Interferometric Nested Dome: 2,000 g/cm2

The space suit used in the moon mission could only provide limited
protection - about 50 rem - which is not lethal, but would cause
radiation sickness - 300 rem being the limit.

However, 300 rem could be spread out over a few days to limit the
exposure.

A few interesting side notes from the link:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.s...54ba70bd?hl=en

Perhaps the most astonishing finding from cold fusion research is the
apparent observation of radioactivity reduction in the process. CETI,
one of the first cold fusion companies, recently announced (~ 5 years
ago) it had been awarded a US patent on an electrolytic process for
reducing the radioactivity of thorium and uranium. The company claims
its process can reduce the radioactivity of radioactive materials by
over 90 per cent in periods less than 24 hours - compressing into
hours what nature takes billions of years to do. A demonstration of
this seemingly successful process was included in the same Good
Morning America story which described Patterson's prototype water
heater, ref.

http://www.lightparty.com/Peace/MiracleInTheVoid.html

Here is a process of extracting Be-7 for the purpose of Neutron
reflecting:

http://www.ipm.virginia.edu/people/d...dickAU1999.pdf

Interesting, but Be-7 is slightly radioactive, and must be handled w/
extreme care.

So, if a radiation absorbing medium can be made to be appreciably
thick, perhaps some of the harmful radiation can be drained off using
the above methods w/o any harmful exposure effects.

Another link for gamma radiation-proof solvents:

http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemSc...r_industry.asp

Maybe some kind of "solvent duct" between shell housings is the
application needed for protection.

Here WAS a link for a radiation proof polymer (I still have the
leaflet):

http://www.hnswp.com/pdfs/polymer_leaflet.pdf

The part "Electronic equipment protection from electromagnetic pulses,
radio wave effects, and solar radiation interference when directly
applied to the electronic equipment or component", was quite
interesting.
Protected body suits, gloves, and boots with Demron:

http://www.radshield.com/

"Radiation Shield Technologies (RST) is proud to offer DemronTM : the
new standard in personal radiation protection. This revolutionary
technology is currently produced as full body suits, gloves and
boots.

DemronTM not only protects against particle ionizing/nuclear radiation
(such as Beta and Alpha), but does what NO OTHER full body radiation
protection can do: shield against X-ray and low-energy Gamma
emissions. DemronTM is non-toxic and completely Lead-free.

DemronTM suits are constructed from a unique nanotechnology that far
surpasses the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of current nuclear-
biological-chemical (NBC) suits that only protect against radioactive
particulate sources."

Why Mine for Uranium in Space?

Space is rad-intensive anyway. Protective clothing and environment
conditioning using the above methods make off-world shipments less
burdensome, less costly, and less fearsome, given that a mining
enterprise may be able to exercise their own free market ingenuity a
bit easier than what regulations have been manufactured to stifle it
already.
Currently, around 48% of the world’s supply of uranium comes from
Africa, and around 10% comes from the Soviet Union, while the rest may
be mined in the U.S.

The strategic metal cobalt may become mined along with uranium, given
a near-Earth L chrondite asteroid. For example, a one kilometer
asteroid might end up providing 1.5 million tons of cobalt along with
similar amounts of uranium.

The results depend upon how mining ships and refining facilities are
built orbitally, launched trans-orbitally, and then rendevous-
retrieved transport of deliverables to customers.

Right off the space station, a nuclear pulsed freighter becomes
assembled utilizing modularized components using material specialists,
who would assist in the research, acquisition, and post-design
modularization of components for both the power satellite construction
center and cargo vessel. Since the "Center" as it is called is a place
where much of the actual construction for the cargo vessel takes
place, some provision for human living quarters, or "habitcons"
must be worked out so that the first few people that arrive must be
able to work inside an inflatable "bubble" with ceramic/steel framing
surrounding the core. See:

http://server6.theimagehosting.com/i...mg=bladder.GIF

The core "bubble with ceramic/steel frame" should be assembled, with
fully functional core "habitcons" in under 100 man hours time. The
core consists of an inflatable toroidal bladder that is restrained
against expansion by a web of straps. The straps are attached to a
rigid ceramic/steel frame using clevice/pin(s) on the internal
circumference. Four men, working 25 hours in a weeks time, should have
the core project completed and ready for expansion into the
construction center.

Once the core is complete, a new shuttle arrives with more modules for
construction, which are "unpacked" and assembled on to the core by a
crew of four men. The expanded core now includes a cargo bay storage
area with a cryogenic welding supply system in place, as well as the
habitcons with (4) potable water temperature controlled stowages (one
for each man). Now the center becomes dependent on the shuttle to
deliver replenishment food, water, and air, as well as additional
modules for con-struction of the cargo vessel fuselage, fuel cells,
etc.

One example of a power satellite construction center, as given
previously:

http://server6.theimagehosting.com/i..._facility..JPG

American

It seems our moon/Selene has way more than its fair share of thorium
(10 ppm), as though it once belonged to a thorium rich planet such as
Venus.
http://www.lunar-research-institute....m_grl_1999.pdf

~ BG

On Apr 12, 6:59*pm, Brad Guth wrote:
It seems our moon/Selene has way more than its fair share of thorium
(10 ppm), as though it once belonged to a thorium rich planet such as
Venus.
*http://www.lunar-research-institute....1999/thorium_g....

*~ BG

Nothing like having a rogue uranium freighter mining the L-Chrondites
long before the moon underground becomes populated by a bunch of earth-
watchers IMO.

What's more fun than a porkulus of moon bats setting up motels on the
moon for rich people, so that everything their already-whored earth
has to offer them in the form of some twisted "environmental
replacement therapy" can only look inward towards their own hidden
agenda (more mind control for masses of earthly whoremongers IMO).

IMO mining for either thorium or uranium has to be done pretty much on
the fly, or we'll end up seeing moon bases like this producing nothing
but diminishing returns on the investment.

Fruits of labor have to sometimes die and produce yet greater
opportunity for succeeding generations of those who can begin again
to intentionally imprint their own "seed faith", given the pristine
surroundings that are conducive to meditating on some of the more
profound scientific theories, hypotheses, and alternatives -
alternatives to oppressive scientific regimes, as they exist so much
more ever-presently, in this nation and throughout the world.

Thus the best opportunities for growth are at the earth, or (earth-
like) sphere, however IMO even moon-based 3D VR machines for people
like millionaires, entertainment enthusiasts, and those not interested
in incessantly promoting the ideas and fortunes of the moon as a very
temporal "waystation" should be relegated to their local descending
level within Dante's Lunar Inferno.

Are you one of these?

By the time moon bases are achieved, we (should) have FTL vehicles
exploring the galaxy, and new earths being discovered on a monthly
basis. What happens when these new earths are ready for the human race
to migrate to them? Do you think that most of us will wish to stay
"left behind" with our moon bases and 3D VR machines?

I can only agree with you that the moon should serve as a nuclear
(thorium) fuel depot, and maybe possibly some kind of respite for
renewed gravitational reclamation in this case - nothing else is worth
the investment, IMO.


American

On Apr 13, 11:54*am, American wrote:
On Apr 12, 6:59*pm, Brad Guth wrote:

It seems our moon/Selene has way more than its fair share of thorium
(10 ppm), as though it once belonged to a thorium rich planet such as
Venus.
*http://www.lunar-research-institute....1999/thorium_g...

*~ BG

Nothing like having a rogue uranium freighter mining the L-Chrondites
long before the moon underground becomes populated by a bunch of earth-
watchers IMO.

What's more fun than a porkulus of moon bats setting up motels on the
moon for rich people, so that everything their already-whored earth
has to offer them in the form of some twisted "environmental
replacement therapy" can only look inward towards their own hidden
agenda (more mind control for masses of earthly whoremongers IMO).

IMO mining for either thorium or uranium has to be done pretty much on
the fly, or we'll end up seeing moon bases like this producing nothing
but diminishing returns on the investment.

Fruits of labor have to sometimes die and produce yet greater
opportunity for succeeding generations of those who can begin again
to *intentionally imprint their own "seed faith", given the pristine
surroundings that are conducive to meditating on some of the more
profound scientific theories, hypotheses, and alternatives -
alternatives *to oppressive scientific regimes, as they exist so much
more ever-presently, in this nation and throughout the world.

Thus the best opportunities for growth are at the earth, or (earth-
like) sphere, however IMO even moon-based 3D VR machines for people
like millionaires, entertainment enthusiasts, and those not interested
in incessantly promoting the ideas and fortunes of the moon as a very
temporal "waystation" should be relegated to their local descending
level within Dante's Lunar Inferno.

Are you one of these?

By the time moon bases are achieved, we (should) have FTL vehicles
exploring the galaxy, and new earths being discovered on a monthly
basis. What happens when these new earths are ready for the human race
to migrate to them? Do you think that most of us will wish to stay
"left behind" with our moon bases and 3D VR machines?

I can only agree with you that the moon should serve as a nuclear
(thorium) fuel depot, and maybe possibly some kind of respite for
renewed gravitational reclamation in this case - nothing else is worth
the investment, IMO.

American

You seem to have your FTL cart well ahead of the mule team again.

You do realize there's a minor difference between being on the moon as
opposed to safely within the moon?

~ BG

On Apr 13, 5:03*pm, Brad Guth wrote:
On Apr 13, 11:54*am, American wrote:





On Apr 12, 6:59*pm, Brad Guth wrote:

It seems our moon/Selene has way more than its fair share of thorium
(10 ppm), as though it once belonged to a thorium rich planet such as
Venus.
*http://www.lunar-research-institute....1999/thorium_g...

*~ BG

Nothing like having a rogue uranium freighter mining the L-Chrondites
long before the moon underground becomes populated by a bunch of earth-
watchers IMO.

What's more fun than a porkulus of moon bats setting up motels on the
moon for rich people, so that everything their already-whored earth
has to offer them in the form of some twisted "environmental
replacement therapy" can only look inward towards their own hidden
agenda (more mind control for masses of earthly whoremongers IMO).

IMO mining for either thorium or uranium has to be done pretty much on
the fly, or we'll end up seeing moon bases like this producing nothing
but diminishing returns on the investment.

Fruits of labor have to sometimes die and produce yet greater
opportunity for succeeding generations of those who can begin again
to *intentionally imprint their own "seed faith", given the pristine
surroundings that are conducive to meditating on some of the more
profound scientific theories, hypotheses, and alternatives -
alternatives *to oppressive scientific regimes, as they exist so much
more ever-presently, in this nation and throughout the world.

Thus the best opportunities for growth are at the earth, or (earth-
like) sphere, however IMO even moon-based 3D VR machines for people
like millionaires, entertainment enthusiasts, and those not interested
in incessantly promoting the ideas and fortunes of the moon as a very
temporal "waystation" should be relegated to their local descending
level within Dante's Lunar Inferno.

Are you one of these?

By the time moon bases are achieved, we (should) have FTL vehicles
exploring the galaxy, and new earths being discovered on a monthly
basis. What happens when these new earths are ready for the human race
to migrate to them? Do you think that most of us will wish to stay
"left behind" with our moon bases and 3D VR machines?

I can only agree with you that the moon should serve as a nuclear
(thorium) fuel depot, and maybe possibly some kind of respite for
renewed gravitational reclamation in this case - nothing else is worth
the investment, IMO.

American

You seem to have your FTL cart well ahead of the mule team again.

You do realize there's a minor difference between being on the moon as
opposed to safely within the moon?

*~ BG- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

When our government admits with START, that ALL non-nuclear weapons of
rogue nations, under the non-proliferation treaty, are either (i)
overseas contingencies or (ii) man-caused disasters, and there can be
no longer a nuclear option in the event of an intercontinental (as
well as off-world) THREAT, and there then is an absolute mandate to
accomplish an orbital/off-world PRESENCE, under the umbrella of
nuclear protection and power.

The current administration is (inadvertantly?) working against
establishing an independent, off-world presence by attempting to
enforce a progressive indoctrination (and protocol) over its citizenry
(us?) without protecting its sovereignity (theirs?).

ANYONE can see now that this is a power grab by the noxious adherents
(progressives) of America's own scientific and cultural descendency!

Admittedly, we should rather be building an army of atomic spaceships,
NOT nuclear forensic scientists!


American