Article: Gravitational Wave Background

Gravitational Wave Background
Science Daily - In the standard model of cosmology, the early universe underwent a period of fantastic growth. This inflationary phase, after only a trillionth of a second, concluded with a violent conversion of energy into hot matter and radiation. This "reheating" process also resulted in a flood of gravitational waves. (Interestingly, some cosmologists would identify the "big bang" with this moment and not the earlier time=0 moment.)

Let's compare this gravitational wave background (GWB) with the more familiar cosmic microwave background (CMB). The GWB dates from the trillionth-of-a-second mark, while the CMB sets in around 380,000 years later when the first atoms formed. The CMB represents a single splash of photons which were (at that early time) in equilibrium with the surrounding atoms-in-the-making; the microwaves we now see in the sky were (before being redshifted to lower frequencies owing to the universe's expansion) ultraviolet waves and were suddenly freed to travel unimpeded through space. They are now observed to be mostly at a uniform temperature of about 3 degrees Kelvin, but the overall map of the microwave sky does bear the faint imprint of matter inhomogeneities (lumps) existing even then.

What, by contrast, does the GWB represent? It stems from three different production processes at work in the inflationary era: waves stemming from the inflationary expansion of space itself; waves from the collision of bubble-like clumps of new matter at reheating after inflation; and waves from the turbulent fluid mixing of the early pools of matter and radiation, before equilibrium among them (known as thermalization) had been achieved. The gravity waves would never have been in equilibrium with the matter (since gravity is such a weak force there wouldn't be time to mingle adequately); consequently the GWB will not appear to a viewer now to be at a single overall temperature.

A new paper by Juan Garcia-Bellido and Daniel Figueroa (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid) explain how these separate processes could be detected and differentiated in modern detectors set up to see gravity waves, such as LIGO, LISA, or BBO (Big Bang Observer). First, the GWB would be redshifted, like the CMB. But because of the GWB's earlier provenance, the reshifting would be even more dramatic: the energy (and frequency) of the waves would be downshifted by 24 orders of magnitude. Second, the GWB waves would be distinct from gravity waves from point sources (such as the collision of two black holes) since such an encounter would release waves with a sharper spectral signal. By contrast the GWB from reheating after inflation would have a much broader spectrum, centered around 1 hertz to 1 gigahertz depending on the scale of inflation.

Garcia-Bellido suggests that if a detector like the proposed BBO could disentangle the separate signals of the end-of-inflation GWB, then such a signal could be used as a probe of inflation and could help explore some fundamental issues as matter-antimatter asymmetry, the production of topological defects like cosmic strings, primoridal magnetic fields, and possibly superheavy dark matter.

Source: American Institute Of Physics
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases...0130122115.htm

Comment:
The CMBR can not have come from the Big Bang as the expected shadow effect is not present, indicating that at least 75% of the CMBR is sourced locally.
Why don't these researchers keep up with the latest findings???
See http://www.uah.edu/News/newsread.php?newsID=480
(from The University of Alabama in Huntsville)


--
Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek

Hi Robert Karl Stonjek, Inflationary models and these links:

www.uah.edu/News/newsread.php?newsID=480
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/universe/science/bang.html

The known Universe is mostly a vacuum,
I doubt WMAP can resolve shadows from x-ray-hot galaxies.
Sonic waves in the CMB might not be enough, we need to see gravity waves,
but even ESA's Planck Explorer might not be able to detect them.
Nasa/ESA's LISA ( planned for 2015-2020 ) probably has a better chance.
Quoting:

http://Lisa.JPL.Nasa.GOV/SCIENCE/echoes.html
http://Upload.WikiMedia.ORG/wikipedi...LISA-waves.jpg

Just as we have observed the CMB from the early Universe,
we should also be able to observe
the cosmic background of gravitational waves.

Although NASA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ( LISA )
is not specifically designed to study the Big Bang,
the mission may be able to detect a continuous spectrum ( frequency range )
of gravitational radiation generated at early times.

Because they interact differently with matter,
it should be possible to detect gravitational waves from
much further back in the history of the Universe
than can be traced by the CMB.

While the CMB allows us to see back to
no further than 300,000 years after the Big Bang,
these early gravitational waves would allow us to probe back to
less than one-trillionth of a second after the Big Bang.

Detection of these waves would be
the most fundamental discovery that LISA could make.

As for the " Big Bang Observer ", quoting:

http://192.171.198.135/roadmap/rmProject.aspx?q=22

A very tentative timeframe is 2025, but clearly this depends on
the evolution and implementation of the LISA programme.

Speaking of the vacuity of the known Universe and resolution issues,
....I say dark energy is a property of all mass-energy, not just the vacuum;
i.e. it was stronger when the known Universe was denser. See:

www.Cotse.NET/users/jeffrelf/W.PNG

Cold Dark Matter is probably the flip-side of dark energy;
i.e. CDM is the cold, vacuous counterpart to hot, dense dark energy.

JeffŠRelf wrote:

Hi Robert Karl Stonjek, Inflationary models and these links:

www.uah.edu/News/newsread.php?newsID=480
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/universe/science/bang.html

The known Universe is mostly a vacuum,
I doubt WMAP can resolve shadows from x-ray-hot galaxies.
Sonic waves in the CMB might not be enough, we need to see gravity waves,
but even ESA's Planck Explorer might not be able to detect them.
Nasa/ESA's LISA ( planned for 2015-2020 ) probably has a better chance.
Quoting:

http://Lisa.JPL.Nasa.GOV/SCIENCE/echoes.html
http://Upload.WikiMedia.ORG/wikipedi...LISA-waves.jpg

Just as we have observed the CMB from the early Universe,
we should also be able to observe
the cosmic background of gravitational waves.

Although NASA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ( LISA )
is not specifically designed to study the Big Bang,
the mission may be able to detect a continuous spectrum ( frequency range )
of gravitational radiation generated at early times.

Because they interact differently with matter,
it should be possible to detect gravitational waves from
much further back in the history of the Universe
than can be traced by the CMB.

While the CMB allows us to see back to
no further than 300,000 years after the Big Bang,
these early gravitational waves would allow us to probe back to
less than one-trillionth of a second after the Big Bang.

Detection of these waves would be
the most fundamental discovery that LISA could make.

As for the " Big Bang Observer ", quoting:

http://192.171.198.135/roadmap/rmProject.aspx?q=22

A very tentative timeframe is 2025, but clearly this depends on
the evolution and implementation of the LISA programme.

Speaking of the vacuity of the known Universe and resolution issues,
...I say dark energy is a property of all mass-energy, not just the vacuum;
i.e. it was stronger when the known Universe was denser. See:

www.Cotse.NET/users/jeffrelf/W.PNG

Cold Dark Matter is probably the flip-side of dark energy;
i.e. CDM is the cold, vacuous counterpart to hot, dense dark energy.

No spaghetti C code today, jeff-underscore-relf?

--
"To err is human, to cover it up is Weasel" -- Dogbert

Hi Art_Deco, I wrote no lucious goto statements today, sorry.

But I made some changes to my userContent.CSS ( for FireFox 2.0 ).
I set the width and height of ( most ) all images to " auto !important ".
I had to make " body img " an exception because
I use JavaScript to zoom " View Image " tabs.

For example, I see the full-sized images ( normally scaled down )
when viewing this page ( my screen shot is the second link ):

http://forum.p2pball.com/redirect.ph...oto=nextoldset
www.Cotse.NET/users/jeffrelf/Full_Size.PNG

Also, I changed the color of the scrollbars and drop-down-lists, e.g.:

http://Translation.ParaLink.COM
www.Cotse.NET/users/jeffrelf/ParaLink.PNG
( Translator for Portuguese, Russian, French, Spanish, Italian, German )

userChrome.CSS and userContent.CSS::

www.Cotse.NET/users/jeffrelf/userContent.CSS
www.Cotse.NET/users/jeffrelf/userChrome.CSS

My " Desktop -- Properties -- Themes " settings for Windows-XP:

www.Cotse.NET/users/jeffrelf/Jeff_Relf.Theme

The full userContent.CSS follows:

/** / content: " [" attr(hreflang) "]"; :not(X), negation pseudo-class
Maybe: :first-child :empty, p/p
Yes ? ! : E ~ F F follows E, sibling, E + F, immediately follows /**/

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"Jeff.Relf" wrote in message
...
snip

Cold Dark Matter is probably the flip-side of dark energy;
i.e. CDM is the cold, vacuous counterpart to hot, dense dark energy.


You are funny. Do you take lessons?

You would have been better saying "Jeff^Relf is vacuous" and leaving it at
that.

Hi T_Wake, I'm just proposing ideas.

Cold Dark Matter could be something that's massive/dense/close enough
to effect the outer reaches of the visible Milky Way ( for example )
but not massive/dense/close enough to be observed any other way.

Dark Energy could easily be " the inefficiency of gravity ";
as so, it mainly effects the denser, more visible regions/times.

In article ,
JeffŠRelf wrote:

Hi T_Wake, I'm just proposing ideas.

No you're not. You're claiming you're a physicist.

Cold Dark Matter could be something that's massive/dense/close enough
to effect the outer reaches of the visible Milky Way ( for example )
but not massive/dense/close enough to be observed any other way.


Wow. You're a regular Einstein.

Dark Energy could easily be " the inefficiency of gravity ";
as so, it mainly effects the denser, more visible regions/times.

Where do you get this nonsense from Jane?



--
-Coffee Boy- = Preferably white, with two sugars
Saucerheads - denying the blatantly obvious since 2000.

"Jeff.Relf" wrote in message
...
Hi T_Wake, I'm just proposing ideas.

You may want to make that clearer - and occasionally try to learn when
people correct your ideas.

Cold Dark Matter could be something that's massive/dense/close enough
to effect the outer reaches of the visible Milky Way ( for example )
but not massive/dense/close enough to be observed any other way.

Dark Energy could easily be " the inefficiency of gravity ";
as so, it mainly effects the denser, more visible regions/times.


I wouldn't use the word "easily" there.

Hi Phineas,

General Relativity can only model an object who's inertia is very predictable.
" Static 4-D spacetime " ( i.e. General Relativity's gravitational field )
equals, " 8 * pi * G * T_αβ / c^4 " ( a function of density and pressure ).

The laws of thermodynamics are cosmic in scope;
so, like all inertia, gravity is constantly fading away,
being " consumed ", as it were... This is " Dark Energy ", I posit.

The cosmos is truly causal ( i.e. falsely random ),
so all changes ( including so-called choices ) are nominal.
And I conclude that time is truly spatial ( i.e. falsely directional ) and
" life " arises from this eternal/nominal consumption of Gibbs Free Energy.

Cold Dark Matter might merely be regions that are
massive/dense/close enough to have a -- gravitational -- effect
on the outer reaches of the visible Milky Way ( for example ),
....but not massive/dense/close enough to be noticed any other way.

A true vacuum and/or a true event horizon are forever metaphysical notions.

Imagine measuring a density
below 1 Yocto_Gram per cubic Yotta_Mile per Yotta_Year.

Although you'd then have something to brag about... ha ha...
never, ever, could you claim to have observed a -- True -- vacuum
because particles spontaneously pop into existence.

Now imagine measuring a density
above 1 Yotta_Ton per cubic Yocto_Inch per Yotta_Year.

Again, you'd have something to brag about;
but never, ever, could you claim to have observed a -- True -- black hole
because particles spontaneously pop out of existence.

The known Universe has no birth or death, just a limit to what we can observe.
Like ever-active yeast in a loaf of bread,
the cosmos expands everywhere, all the time.
In 2-D, I visualise cosmological " time " as the Y axis and
( the ever-flat, ever-static 4-D ) Minkowskian spacetime as the X axis.
But the Y axis is " Cosmic Inertia/Gravity, CIG ", not time.
" d CIG " is a slice of Minkowskian spacetime in " cosmological time ".
Adding up the slices forms something like a " static 5-D supernova ".

w( z ) always equals -1, I posit, and Omega_Lambda is always .74.
So Rho_Lambda ( and inflation ) was higher when Rho_Crit was higher.
( Because a higher density has a higher " consumption rate " )
And: Pressure_Cosmos = - ( .74 / .26 ) * Density_Matter * c^2
See: www.Cotse.NET/users/jeffrelf/W.PNG

Where is spacetime free to warp into, if not CIG ?
What place and time has absolutely no inertia or gravity ?

Already, a portable LaCoste-Romberg gravimeter can measure 10^-9 g's, and
the FINAQS project is developing atom lasers for " quantum gravimeters ":

www.Finaqs.Uni-Hannover.DE

[ Our gravimeters ] may even permit a new definition of the kilogram
- at present based on the mass of a metal artefact kept in Paris -
in terms of the fundamental physical constants.

How is it that Mass can be defined the same way as Length and Time ?
( i.e. as M, L and T oscillations of a special laser )

On Tue, 06 Feb 2007 20:55:38 +0000, T Wake sat in thee Comfee Chaire, and
didst finally confess, after taking Muche Tea:
"Jeff.Relf" wrote...
Hi T_Wake, I'm just proposing ideas.

You may want to make that clearer - and occasionally try to learn when
people correct your ideas.

Cold Dark Matter could be something that's massive/dense/close enough to
effect the outer reaches of the visible Milky Way ( for example ) but
not massive/dense/close enough to be observed any other way.

Dark Energy could easily be " the inefficiency of gravity "; as so, it
mainly effects the denser, more visible regions/times.

I wouldn't use the word "easily" there.

I detect fatal problems with the word choices, especially "as so",
though he should have his hands removed for his abuse of "effects".

--
__________________________________________________ ______________________
Hail Eris!
Demon Prince of Absurdity; COOSN-029-06-71069

VOTE! Usenet Kook Awards, January 2007
MID: 70

Are you the Peter J Ross that I've heard so much about?

Probably. I'm the one who doesn't resort to forgery after losing an
argument.

"You're the one with the extensive brain damage... okay I see. You're
gonna be easily to own them." -- PorchMonkey4Life: Not aware of too many
things. MID: bf7xh.834$hH2.64@trnddc02

At last! See Joxer The Mity Monkey on camera! Watch him freak out!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_WuaENGqz0

"And no, I did not have sex with my son. But if I did I certainly
wouldn't tell you. Something so beautiful and precious should be kept
private." -- Kathy L. Mosesian, or possibly not really her, confesses
she may be a liar and committer of incest with her own son, in MID:
emailer.net

The reporter asked Colin Powell (or George Bush), "What proof do you
have that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction?"
He replied, "We kept the receipts." -- Bill Hicks

Looney Maroon nominee for August 2006 Johnny D Wentzky foamed:
"You never asked someone who goes into areas of the internet that are
only for adults who has an underage id somehow or another if they are a
cop posing as an underage person online?
I guess lots of people just don't watch dateline or read stories much.
Why don;t you go to pervertedjustice,com and see what they do. They are
awash in their self-proclaimed glory after they lied to membners of the
public.
They are awash in their self-proclaimed glory after they posed as an
underage person and agreed to do all sorts of sex acts wioth adult
males, and they are adults posing as teenager themselves. They make
themsleves into liars by falsely impersonating underage persons and by
not fuilfilling the words they tell the victims online in their chats.
Why don't you read it where they tell these victims of their deceit
about how they have been with grown men and such? Why don't you read it
where they say, "That would be cool." after someone makes an advance
towards an adult who is posing as a teenager? And, where they agree to
meet the person, etc.
Lost control, didn't you?
Is that why you feel as if you need to lie so much now? I see where lots
of these false impersonation games are not sticking. They feel as if
they can lie and then order the victims to get counseling in the
gayblade, governmental, pro-choice tax leech counseling centers. They
are doing nothing more than usury and fraud in many cases." -- Wentzky
almost comes out of the closet as a pedo/ephebophile in MID: