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Coming soon: A “Made in India” space shuttle



 
 
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  #1  
Old May 18th 16, 10:01 PM posted to sci.space.policy
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Default Coming soon: A “Made in India” space shuttle

"A “Made in India” space shuttle may be on the horizon.

This month, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)—India’s equivalent of
NASA—will begin the mission to launch its indigenous space shuttle, the Press
Trust of India reported on May 15.

Although the test model is about six times smaller than the actual version, the
launch will be a significant milestone in ISRO’s Reusable Launch Vehicle-
Technology Demonstration Program. The program, according to ISRO, is “a series of
technology demonstration missions that have been considered as a first step
towards realising a Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO) fully reusable vehicle.”"

See:

http://qz.com/684828/india-will-soon...utm_source=YPL
  #2  
Old May 19th 16, 07:34 AM posted to sci.space.policy
William Mook[_2_]
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Default Coming soon: A “Made in India” space shuttle

On Thursday, May 19, 2016 at 9:01:47 AM UTC+12, wrote:
"A “Made in India” space shuttle may be on the horizon.

This month, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)—India’s equivalent of
NASA—will begin the mission to launch its indigenous space shuttle, the Press
Trust of India reported on May 15.

Although the test model is about six times smaller than the actual version, the
launch will be a significant milestone in ISRO’s Reusable Launch Vehicle-
Technology Demonstration Program. The program, according to ISRO, is “a series of
technology demonstration missions that have been considered as a first step
towards realising a Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO) fully reusable vehicle.”"

See:

http://qz.com/684828/india-will-soon...utm_source=YPL


By using solid rocket boosters and a sled, along with an airbreathing engine on the first stage, they've needlessly increased development costs by a huge margin. Of course, if they wanted to develop these capabilities anyway, then, that's okay. If all they cared about was space access they'd take the Falcon route.

Now in a vacuum you must move at about 120 m/sec to reach an altitude of 70 km mentioned in the article. So that's the low end of the speed range. Since they're wanting to use a scramjet on the second stage, then they should be going Mach 0.8 or more. Mach 1 at Sea Level is 343 m/sec. So, this is likely the range of speeds the solid rocket boosters and sled achieve.

The interesting thing, is that a Maglev system could achieve these speeds far more efficiently without the bother of using solid rocket motors.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI_HFnNTfyU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5mA4l6xmGs

This is sufficient to achieve scramjet switchon.

https://info.aiaa.org/Regions/Wester...20Scramjet.pdf

http://arc.uta.edu/publications/td_f...berts%20MS.pdf

The averaged specific impulse of a scramjet engine from Mach 0.8 through Mach 10 is 3000 sec - the equivalent of 30 km/sec - with hydrogen only as fuel.

At one gee horizontal acceleration it takes 6,245 meters to achieve sound speed. At two gees4,417 meters to achieve sound speed. A 300 ton vehicle requires 2.94 MegaNewtons of force. Force times distance is energy, 18.36 GigaJoules. A 300 ton mass moving at 350 m/sec contains 18.36 Gigajoules - so this checks. V=a*t so V/a = t so 350 m/sec / 9.80655 m/s/s = 35.69 seconds. 18.36 GigaJoules / 35.69 seconds equals 514.4 MegaWatts of power.

Mach 10 is 3.43 km/sec. With an *effective* exhaust speed of 30.0 km/sec we require

u = 1 - 1 / exp( 3.43 / 30 ) = 0.1080 ~ 10.8%

propellant fraction. Applied to 300 tons requires 32.4 tons of hydrogen fuel.

Now a pure rocket with a 4.5 km/sec exhaust speed would require

u = 1 - 1 / exp( 3.43 / 4.5 ) = 0.53337 ~ 53.337%

So with a 4.3% structure fraction, which is typical these days we have 57.637% of the take of weight.


Structure fraction for a scramjet stage will likely be 14.2% - which adds a total of 25% of the take off weight. So, it is potentially lighter, despite the development costs.

So, of the 300 ton take off weight with scram jet stage we have;

32.4 tons of hydrogen fuel.
42.6 tons of structure.

75.0 tons - take off weight of first stage powered by scramjet.

The first stage moving at greater than 3 km/sec means that it will skip off the atmosphere like a Sanger aircraft, and fly back to the launch center after separation.

Meanwhile, there's an orbital stage that's pure rocket. It maasses 225 tons and is moving a 3.43 km/sec - so must have a delta vee of 5.77 km/sec. This requires a propellant fraction of 72.258% and so;

162.58 tons - propellant
9.78 tons - structure
52.64 tons - payload (8.10 tons hydrogen)

Which matches the Falcon Heavy.

Drone with GPS technology doesn't need radars and all the sensing stuff the Indians are talking about. However, if they think they need this as a military asset, this is a good cover for that development and might be worth the effort to them. Otherwise, they should be developig a simple space positioning system based on GPS - but that is vulnerable in a confiict to being turned off or disrupted.

The take off weight is equal to Boeing 747. The landing weight is equal to a 777. The payload is between a 777 and a 737.

Deployment of the payload on orbit and return of both stages to the launch center can occur within 180 minutes. 16 flights per day. Each flight requires 51.0 tons of hydrogen. 7,231.8 GigaJoules of energy. When added to the electrical load of 18.36 GJ per launch for the maglev track this is 7,250.2 Gigajoules of energy. Divided by 180 minutes this is 671.3 MW of electrical power. 514.4 MW is used for 35.6 seconds during launch, and the balance is used to produce liquid hydrogen and oxygen for the spacecraft - in the alloted time. Five spacecraft running continuously require 2,570 MW thorium power station surrounding the track. This puts up 175.5 tons per HOUR continuously. A space center that used low cost high value labour to produce aerospace assets at say $1,200 per kg would earn $210.6 million per hour. Transforming the Indian economy.



  #3  
Old May 19th 16, 09:14 AM posted to sci.space.policy
William Mook[_2_]
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Default Coming soon: A “Made in India” space shuttle

The Indian economy is presently $8.8 trillion. About 10% of the world's economy. $0.21 billion per hour x 8766 hours per year adds $1.84 trillion to this total.

At 22 MegaWatts per ton on orbit, 175.5 tons per hour adds 3.86 GigaWatts per hour. That's 33.8 TW per year. The launch rate described here doubles the world's energy output in one year! At $0.03 per kWh profit - this produces $8.8 trillion per year - doubling the income of India!

In a few hours the Indian launch infrastructure could transform global communications, earning $1.2 trillion per year. The telecom earnings generate enough value to pay for the power satellite system. The power satellite system, when used to support sustainable debt (debt that is serviced by real revenue) can do quite a bit.

$10.0 trillion ($1.2 trillion from telecom market, $8.8 trillion from the sale of power at $0.03 per kWh into the global market) discounted at 4.5% over 30 years is worth $162.9 trillion. Leveraged 53 to 1, which was the leverage before 2008 and Quantitative Easing by the Federal Reserve (in short the good old days) is $8.6 quadrillion in debt!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-Qg-2d50Eo

This is sufficient for India to absorb the West's failed banking system, with its unsustainable debt, and its over-spending on military.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phqTVJy5iw8

A photonic thruster spacecraft that projects payloads to Mars, which then land there via aerobraking, projects most of its payload to Mars - At five persons per ton this is 7.7 million people per year - with a fleet of five.

With a fleet of 500 - 770 million people per year can depart to Mars.

Now, departure date is a few weeks surrounding the synodic cusp. So, this sizes the photonic thruster for the departure. Basically, people are put into stasis, and accumulate in a parking orbit. They then depart in a single salvo from parking orbit to make their way to Mars and land there.

With 7.4 billions on Earth and 0.77 billions leaving per year, and 1.3% growth rate, starting in 2020, with 2.1 years in parking orbit for each Tranche, and 259 days travel to Mars in Stasis.

2016 7,420.0 0.0
2017 7,516.5 0.0
2018 7,614.2 0.0
2019 7,713.2 0.0
2020 7,813.4 770.0
2021 7,145.0 1,540.0
2022 6,467.9 2,330.0
2023 5,782.0 3,100.0
2024 5,087.1 3,910.3
2025 4,383.3 4,680.3 == more off world than on.
2026 3,670.3 5,511.2
2027 2,948.0 6,281.2
2028 2,216.3 7,132.8
2029 1,475.1 7,902.8
2030 724.3 8,775.6 == exodus stops

  #4  
Old May 19th 16, 10:41 AM posted to sci.space.policy
William Mook[_2_]
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Posts: 3,840
Default Coming soon: A “Made in India” space shuttle

There is a peak at 1700 meters 3 km West of Dolmar India and 7 km East of Daplah South of Devidhura in the Panchchuli mountains. Just North of Kaladhungi Road. A large tunnel is bored into the mountains in the small valley at 700 meters that is 7.1 km long with its end coming out of the mountain peak at 1700 meters. This tunnel has an 8.1 degree elevation. The vehicle accelerates to sound speed in the tunnel at 4 km and the scram jet lights off. Meanwhile, the maglev carrier is slowed to come to zero velocity at the tunnel exit. This braking action restores the energy expended acclerating the carrier. The carrier is returned to the lower end of the tunnel to be reloaded. With a fleet of five vehicles, a launch occurs once every 18 minutes. A 2,500 MW thorium power plant is built, and also powers a maglev roadway from New Delhi. Nakshatra village is built in the valley at the end of the maglev track from New Delhi, and the start of the maglev track to the stars.


  #5  
Old May 19th 16, 04:52 PM posted to sci.space.policy
William Mook[_2_]
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Posts: 3,840
Default Coming soon: A “Made in India” space shuttle

On Thursday, May 19, 2016 at 9:41:34 PM UTC+12, William Mook wrote:
There is a peak at 1700 meters 3 km West of Dolmar India and 7 km East of Daplah South of Devidhura in the Panchchuli mountains. Just North of Kaladhungi Road. A large tunnel is bored into the mountains in the small valley at 700 meters that is 7.1 km long with its end coming out of the mountain peak at 1700 meters. This tunnel has an 8.1 degree elevation. The vehicle accelerates to sound speed in the tunnel at 4 km and the scram jet lights off. Meanwhile, the maglev carrier is slowed to come to zero velocity at the tunnel exit. This braking action restores the energy expended acclerating the carrier. The carrier is returned to the lower end of the tunnel to be reloaded. With a fleet of five vehicles, a launch occurs once every 18 minutes. A 2,500 MW thorium power plant is built, and also powers a maglev roadway from New Delhi. Nakshatra village is built in the valley at the end of the maglev track from New Delhi, and the start of the maglev track to the stars.


175.5 tons per hour x 8,766 hours per year x 2.15 years per synodic period is 3,307,631 tons per fleet of five ships. 500 ships lift 100x this amount. To impart 3.5 km/sec to these ships requires the expenditure of

1/2 * 3,307,631,000 * 3500^2 = 20.26 quadrillion joules of energy.

Now, the power setup, with 33 trillion watts, could take roughly 2/3 of the available power and use it to dispatch the fleet in 1000 seconds - labout 18 minutes. A fleet 100x the size put up with 500 ships instead of 5, would take 1800 minutes or 30 hours. Less than a day. But the day of departure, would be one where only essential functions were energised as the bulk of the laser beams powered the array of photonic thrusters on orbit to dispatch 770 million people in stasis, each synodic period.


  #6  
Old May 19th 16, 05:24 PM posted to sci.space.policy
William Mook[_2_]
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Posts: 3,840
Default Coming soon: A “Made in India” space shuttle

On Friday, May 20, 2016 at 3:52:38 AM UTC+12, William Mook wrote:
On Thursday, May 19, 2016 at 9:41:34 PM UTC+12, William Mook wrote:
There is a peak at 1700 meters 3 km West of Dolmar India and 7 km East of Daplah South of Devidhura in the Panchchuli mountains. Just North of Kaladhungi Road. A large tunnel is bored into the mountains in the small valley at 700 meters that is 7.1 km long with its end coming out of the mountain peak at 1700 meters. This tunnel has an 8.1 degree elevation. The vehicle accelerates to sound speed in the tunnel at 4 km and the scram jet lights off. Meanwhile, the maglev carrier is slowed to come to zero velocity at the tunnel exit. This braking action restores the energy expended acclerating the carrier. The carrier is returned to the lower end of the tunnel to be reloaded. With a fleet of five vehicles, a launch occurs once every 18 minutes. A 2,500 MW thorium power plant is built, and also powers a maglev roadway from New Delhi. Nakshatra village is built in the valley at the end of the maglev track from New Delhi, and the start of the maglev track to the stars.


175.5 tons per hour x 8,766 hours per year x 2.15 years per synodic period is 3,307,631 tons per fleet of five ships. 500 ships lift 100x this amount. To impart 3.5 km/sec to these ships requires the expenditure of

1/2 * 3,307,631,000 * 3500^2 = 20.26 quadrillion joules of energy.

Now, the power setup, with 33 trillion watts, could take roughly 2/3 of the available power and use it to dispatch the fleet in 1000 seconds - labout 18 minutes. A fleet 100x the size put up with 500 ships instead of 5, would take 1800 minutes or 30 hours. Less than a day. But the day of departure, would be one where only essential functions were energised as the bulk of the laser beams powered the array of photonic thrusters on orbit to dispatch 770 million people in stasis, each synodic period.


Multiple maglev carriers operating across five tunnels, allow nearly continuous machine gun like action to launch 100 vehicles every 18 minutes - a vehicle every 10 minutes. This requires an expansion of the power at Nakshatra village from 2.5 GW to 250 GW - but this is easily supplied not from a larger thorium reactor, but from a power laser beamed from space.

Five tunnels allow shutting down tunnels for service, or following an emergency, whilst maintaining launch rate in the other four tunnels by reducing cycle time to 8.6 seconds for a time.

The photonic thruster network that dispatches the fleet, could also be adapted with Model II launcher, that uses laser energy beamed from space, to do second stage boost.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Nm16wp0kMs

This can power the scramjet without hydrogen, and can power the second stage, with vastly less propellant. Exhaust speeds of 20 km/sec for the second stage, and effective infinity for the first stage allows the same 300 ton take off weight to carry

Mark I

Stage I
32.4 tons of hydrogen fuel.
42.6 tons of structure.


Stage II
162.58 tons - propellant
9.78 tons - structure
52.64 tons - payload (8.10 tons hydrogen)


Stage I removes all hydrogen fue allowing 32.4 tons to be added to the 225..0 ton second stage - 257.4 ton total. Stage II reduces propellant mass to;

u = 1 - 1 / exp( 5.77/20.00) = 0.2506

So,

257.4 ton x 0.2506 = 64.50 tons propellant

reducing propellant from 162.58 tons to 64.50 tons adds 98.08 tons to the payload. Rising from 52.64 to 150.72 tons. Nearly tripling payload to orbit. Matching the payload of a 747 jumbo jet. 502.50 tons per hour - with the same energy spend.

Reducing the 10 year programme of Earth depopulation from 2020 to 2030 to a 4 year programe 2020 to 2023.

Or reducing fleet size from 500 ships to 167 ships. Reducing number of launch tunnels to two from five. And maintaining the same ten year programme. The effort saved can be used to sell power receivers, thorium reactors, hydrogen fueling systems, to revamp the energy systems. The maglev and laser rocket infrastructure, throughout the world transforms transport.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33_-teBjZ4w

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJxzFR2331I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoLfEdXWGOc



  #7  
Old May 23rd 16, 06:46 PM posted to sci.space.policy
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Posts: 687
Default Coming soon: A “Made in India” space shuttle

India’s shuttle-like reusable spaceplane makes its first test flight;
Innovative launcher will also eventually feature scramjet technology.:

"For the last several years, India has been making steady progress with its space
program, including the successful insertion of a spacecraft into Mars orbit in
2014, something previously only the United States, Soviet Union, and the European
Space Agency had accomplished. Now the second-most populous country in the world
has taken its first significant step toward developing a reusable launch vehicle.

On Monday, the country's space program launched a winged body aerospace vehicle
on its maiden test flight from the Satish Dhawan Space Center on the east coast
of India. The Indian Space Research Organization, or ISRO, declared the test
flight a success."

See:

http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/...t-test-flight/

 




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