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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
Pat Flannery wrote:
This still sounds like something ion engines would be helpful for once you get near Saturn. The key for a successful sample return would be a very small and lightweight return capsule, but frankly I think it makes more sense to examine the samples in-situ from a overall spacecraft mass point of view. One thing the ion engines would allow you to do is maneuver to different areas of the rings at different orbital heights over the planet in a reasonable amount of time. Continuing along this line of thought, why not put the ring sampling probe into a orbit at a slight angle to the rings themselves, so that it rises or falls below them by say 100 miles in each orbit, and cuts through them twice in each orbit, so that it is able to transmit its data back to Earth while above or below the rings, while avoiding possible damage while within the rings themselves? Using ion engines the probe can steadily lower its orbital altitude above Saturn as it travels from the outside to the inside of the ring system, and can continue right down to atmospheric entry after releasing a slightly decelerated atmospheric entry probe...that by this means needs nowhere near the heat-shielding of the Galileo Jupiter probe's entry velocity. The main probe needs only a extra orbit or two to transmit the entry probe's data back to Earth before it too enters the atmosphere via atmospheric drag. Pat |
#12
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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
"Matt" wrote in message
... On Apr 8, 10:21 pm, Craig Fink wrote: Has anyone proposed or is working on a Saturn Ring Sample mission? That's an interesting thought. It's hard to believe no one has ever considered it, but I try to be well-read on space science, and I've never heard of a proposal to do that. Possibly it's felt that fly-bys have analyzed it sufficiently. My guess is that the delta-V and mass requirements necessary for such a mission are a bit beyond the state of the art for a single launch. Jeff -- A clever person solves a problem. A wise person avoids it. -- Einstein .. |
#13
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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
On Apr 8, 9:21 pm, Craig Fink wrote:
A planetary probe should be able to fly in and sample Saturn's ring material and analysis it and/or return a sample to Earth. The relative velocity between the probe and ring material would be almost zero if the probe is in-plane near circular. Has anyone proposed or is working on a Saturn Ring Sample mission? -- Craig Fink Courtesy E-Mail Welcome @ Apparently it has been determined that the rings are nearly pure water ice with a slight dusting of...dust. Because of collisions and reconfigurations it might be impossible to determine the age of the rings from its constituants. It would be interesting to drop a few small satellites into the ring plane to assess the gravitational forces that maintain stability and get an inside view instead of ringside. |
#14
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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
On Apr 8, 10:21 pm, Craig Fink wrote:
A planetary probe should be able to fly in and sample Saturn's ring material and analysis it and/or return a sample to Earth. The relative velocity between the probe and ring material would be almost zero if the probe is in-plane near circular. Has anyone proposed or is working on a Saturn Ring Sample mission? Matt wrote: That's an interesting thought. It's hard to believe no one has ever considered it, but I try to be well-read on space science, and I've never heard of a proposal to do that. Possibly it's felt that fly-bys have analyzed it sufficiently. I haven't heard of it either. It's tough to focus a microscope as the probe flys by. I imagine the Rings would collect a lot of interesting stuff in them. -- Craig Fink Courtesy E-Mail Welcome @ |
#15
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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
In article ,
Craig Fink wrote: A planetary probe should be able to fly in and sample Saturn's ring material and analysis it and/or return a sample to Earth. The relative velocity between the probe and ring material would be almost zero if the probe is in-plane near circular. Has anyone proposed or is working on a Saturn Ring Sample mission? Herman Rubin wrote: Assuming you had a big enough and complex enough vehicle you could get to the neighborhood of Saturn and get the vehicle into the same orbit as ring particles, getting the piece of the ring particle might not be too difficult. But it would have to be analyzed there. Returning it to Earth in usable shape might be difficult for many reasons, one of them being that the current estimate of what the ring particles are come up with some sort of water-ammonia ice, and even returning an empty probe requires more energy than will be available. An Aerobrake using Saturn's atmosphere to start the journey at the bottom ring, a reasonable L/D could supply the plane change. And it could be used at Earth with the returning samples... Water-ammonia is an acceptable in-situ propellent for the return trip... I would think the list of cool Objects in the Rings would be quite large, not to mention the possibility to Orbit and study all the in-plane Moons while the return vehicle climbs out of Saturn's gravity well. Energy wouldn't be a problem with nuclear power, and Solar Cells would not be a bright idea... -- Craig Fink Courtesy E-Mail Welcome @ |
#17
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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
wrote:
On Apr 9, 12:21 am, Craig Fink wrote: A planetary probe should be able to fly in and sample Saturn's ring material and analysis it and/or return a sample to Earth. The relative velocity between the probe and ring material would be almost zero if the probe is in-plane near circular. Yes -- it's getting the probe into this circular orbit which is the problem. Escape velocity at the outer edge of the rings (120,000 km above Saturn's equator) is about 20 km/sec. Circular orbital velocity is 14 km/sec. So a return probe needs 6 km/sec delta-v to escape Saturn, at least the same amount to transfer from an interplanetary trajectory to circular Saturn orbit in the first place (repeated Titan flybys could help a little with either), then AT LEAST 5.5 km/sec delta-v to get back to Earth. Flat-out impossible with chemical rockets, and doable but very expensive with nuclear-powered ion propulsion. Yeah, I agree nuclear-powered ion propulsion is the way to go. It would be 20 km/sec plus to climb out from the inner ring. The ion engine allow the vehicle to visit Titan up close and personal if the planes are close enough... Herman Rubin mentioned that most of the in-situ propellent is water-ammonia, so the candidate ions for the engine would be H, O and Nitrogen... Has anyone proposed or is working on a Saturn Ring Sample mission? To the best of my knowledge no -- at least not seriously. Seriously, I think it's doable... -- Craig Fink Courtesy E-Mail Welcome @ |
#18
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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
Alain Fournier wrote:
wrote: On Apr 9, 12:21 am, Craig Fink wrote: A planetary probe should be able to fly in and sample Saturn's ring material and analysis it and/or return a sample to Earth. The relative velocity between the probe and ring material would be almost zero if the probe is in-plane near circular. Yes -- it's getting the probe into this circular orbit which is the problem. Escape velocity at the outer edge of the rings (120,000 km above Saturn's equator) is about 20 km/sec. Circular orbital velocity is 14 km/sec. So a return probe needs 6 km/sec delta-v to escape Saturn, at least the same amount to transfer from an interplanetary trajectory to circular Saturn orbit in the first place (repeated Titan flybys could help a little with either), then AT LEAST 5.5 km/sec delta-v to get back to Earth. Flat-out impossible with chemical rockets, and doable but very expensive with nuclear-powered ion propulsion. I wouldn't go so far as saying flat-out impossible with chemical rockets. You can use multiple gravity assists with multiple Saturnian moons. But it would be a very complex mission. With chemical rockets and without using gravity assists it would be a ridiculously monstrous mission. But with careful planing you can lose and gain almost all the delta v needed to get in and out of the Saturnian system with multiple gravity assists. Still it would be a very complex mission. Using, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Titan, Rhea, Tethys and Mimas, you can do the trip with little more energy than that needed to reach Venus. Unless you are lucky with the planetary alignment it would take a lot of time, but it could be done. A chemical rocket would complement a nuclear/ion engine quite well for a Saturn Ring Sample return. If the third stage of the Earth ascent vehicle is the Aerobrake Sample Return vehicle, a much larger sample of Ring material could be returned to Earth. Probable larger than the payload taken to Saturn. After orbit insertion at Earth, the Return vehicle would have almost empty tanks. The Nuclear/Ion Engine could be used to climb out of the Earth's Gravity well. At the edge of the Earth's gravity well, very little delta-V is required to lower perigee back down to within several hundred km above the Earth. The rest of the fuel in the Third Stage/Return Vehicle/Aerobrake vehicle could be used to send it on it's way to Saturn, or the gravity assists. Chemical rocket burns deep in gravity well are very efficient and a much larger delta-V above Earth escape can be attained by a small burn deep in the gravity well. Essentially, this is why the injection burns at Saturn or Jupiter are reasonable. Another way to think of it, is the that the Ion engine vastly increases the potential energy of the Chemical propellant. This potential energy isn't lost, but is converted to kinetic energy by the burn deep in the gravity well. Gravity is a time function, the time to fall from apogee to perigee is much longer than the time to escape Saturn's (or Earth's) influence after the perigee burn. In-situ propellent for both the Nuclear/Ion Engine and the Return Vehicle can be used at Saturn. Aerobraking to the inner ring of Saturn eliminates the need for propellant at Saturn for the injection burn and the huge burn to get down to the bottom of Saturns gravity well. Using the nuclear/Ion Engine to maneuver around, collect samples, refill the Return Vehicle tanks, refill the Ion Engine's tanks, and slowly climb out of Saturns gravity well. Even visit and orbit each Saturnian Moon. Once at the upper edge of Saturns gravity well, very little delta-V is required to lower perigee back down to Saturn. During the plunge back down Saturn's gravity well, the large Sample return vehicle would be separated from the nuclear/ion powered Orbiter vehicle that contains all the science packages. Both going there separate ways. The Orbital probe could spend decades visiting interesting things, until the nuclear power plant is depleted. A Chemical rocket burn from this highly eccentric orbit at perigee is reasonably small to send the Return Vehicle on it's way directly back to Earth, or use some gravity assists (more payload). I would think only one launch would be required for the mission, and the Returned Sample would probably be larger than the Saturn Orbital Probe, as the Return vehicle would have tanks that were sized for the third stage of Earth ascent. Several thousand kilograms of Saturn's rings, maybe even some small asteroids if some can be found in the rings. -- Craig Fink Courtesy E-Mail Welcome @ |
#19
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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
Totorkon wrote:
On Apr 8, 9:21 pm, Craig Fink wrote: A planetary probe should be able to fly in and sample Saturn's ring material and analysis it and/or return a sample to Earth. The relative velocity between the probe and ring material would be almost zero if the probe is in-plane near circular. Has anyone proposed or is working on a Saturn Ring Sample mission? Apparently it has been determined that the rings are nearly pure water ice with a slight dusting of...dust. Because of collisions and reconfigurations it might be impossible to determine the age of the rings from its constituants. It would be interesting to drop a few small satellites into the ring plane to assess the gravitational forces that maintain stability and get an inside view instead of ringside. I was under the impression that some of the rings are dirty, and there are lots of small shepherd objects. There should be lots of interesting things to collect and study. -- Craig Fink Courtesy E-Mail Welcome @ |
#20
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Saturn Ring Sample Return Mission?
Pat Flannery wrote:
Alain Fournier wrote: You can get some help by using gravity assists from Saturnian moons and you can use some fancy high ISP propulsion (ion drives or what not). But still we aren't talking about an easy mission here. Which brings up a interesting possibility; the gravity of the tiny moons located near and in the rings is very low, and the probe would be traveling in their orbital plane...so why not land the probe on one of them and sample its surface? Some core samples would be interesting, probably the best way to refuel if it's made of ice. I wonder if the smaller objects are growing with time or shrinking. |
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