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ORBITAL MOTION
No force is necessary to cause orbital motion.
The planets orbit the sun (( roughly the center of the effective mass (M-m) of the rest of the universe )) at a special mean orbital radius to conserve total energy Every orbiting mass m has kinetic energy due to its velocity v as mv^2 and potential energy due to its radius of curvature L, as G ( M-m) m / L , consistent with the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the total energy of the universe is a constant. The sum of kinetic and potential energies of any orbiting mass m is a constant. SEE BOOK: ONE WITH THE UNIVERSE- THE MECHANICS OF THE UNIVERSE by Allen C. Goodrich SEE: ISBN 0-595-41598-9 THE MECHANICS OF THE UNIVERSE Copyright 1984-2007 Allen C. Goodrich SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642 - 1727 )is best known for his laws of motion and his proposition of a universal gravitation theory, which states that all bodies in space and on the earth are affected by a force called gravity. However, we now know that orbital motion has nothing to do with a force of gravity. I have found that orbital motion obeys the modified first law of thermodynamics. which states that the total energy of the universe is a constant. The total energy of a planet or moon is a constant, because there is no known way for its energy to be changed except by radiation of energy or contact with another mass. Orbiting masses have kinetic and potential energies that are nearly equal, because orbital motion occurs at the only orbital radius where a positive change of kinetic energy is accompanied by an equal negative change of potential energy, complying with the modified first law of thermodynamics. All of the planets and moons orbit in a manner that is consistent with the modified first law of thermodynamics. Any orbiting mass, m , such as the earth, has a kinetic energy m (2 pi L )^2 / t^2 because of its velocity ,v , as m v^2 , and a potential energy G ( M-m ) m / L, because of its orbital radius L and the product of the masses m and the rest of the effective mass of the universe M-m, where M is the effective mass of the total universe. In the solar system this mass M would effectively be the sum of the masses of the sun and the rest of the masses of the planets and moons of the solar system. The sum of kinetic and potential energies would be a constant for any particular planet, or moon , because , no force, as a source of an energy change, is available to the orbiting mass ( if it is not in contact with another mass ) . As a result, it continues to orbit at nearly the same radial distance from the center of the mass of the rest of the effective universe, complying with the modified first law of thermodynamics, as the fundamental equation of the universe. See http://ourworld.cs.com/gravitymechan.../business.html FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION OF THE UNIVERSE http://ourworld.cs.com/gravitymechan...e/profile.html TIDES AND GRAVITY MECHANICS http://ourworld.cs.com/gravitymechan...ge/resume.html THE MECHANICS OF THE UNIVERSE Copyright 1984-2006 Allen C. Goodrich No force is necessary to cause orbital motion. The planets orbit the sun at a special mean orbital radius L to conserve total energy. The modified first law of thermodynamics , which states that the total energy of the universe is a constant, is the fundamental equation of the universe. The sum of kinetic and potential energies is a constant. m (2 pi L)^2 / t^2 + G m(M-m) /L = A CONSTANT. (if no charges are present) + Delta m(2 pi L)^2/T^2 = - Delta Gm(M-m)/L What's so important about this modified first law of thermodynamics? Kinetic energy m (2 pi L)^2 / t^2 of a mass m is orbital motion relative to the rest of the effective universe (M-m) and potential energy G(M-m) m / L, where L is the mean orbital radius, are nearly equal at equilibrium, where no energy change occurs and the total energy is constant. At equilibrium, any change of kinetic energy must be accompanied by an equal and opposite, sign, change of potential energy. The universe has been found to be expanding at an accelerating rate. The potential energy of the universe is continually decreasing and the kinetic energy is continually increasing. Again, to conserve the total energy relative to the rest of the universe. This is why the modified first law is so important. The conservation of total energy must be maintained relative to the rest of the expanding universe. Kinetic and potential energies must be computed relative to the rest of the expanding universe. This modified first law leads to the conclusion that the force of gravity and the velocity of light are misleading illusions. The definition of Kinetic and Potential Energies is most important to an understanding that these energies are relative to the rest of the effective universe, not just relative to any other mass. Kinetic energy is mass m times the square of the velocity relative to the rest of the effective universe. For example the kinetic energy of the earth is effectively relative to the sun plus the rest of the planets of the solar systen. Potential energy is the product of the mass m times the mass of the rest of the effective universe M-m divided by the distance L between their effective centers of mass. M is the mass of the entire effective universe. t is the orbital time for one complete revolution. G is the gravitational constant. Once this is clearly understood, the modified First Law of Thermodynamics becomes the Fundamental Equatiion of the Universe. This equation ,then, defines the photon and the rest of the universe. The Thomas R. Young two slit defraction pattern, the complete logic of quantum mechanics, the true nature of gravitation, the fact that light does not have a mass or a velocity, all become quite obvious. This is a simple solution to so many of the problems that baffled scientists for hundreds of years. We remember that Sir Isaac Newton proposed the force of gravity F_g = k m_1 m_2 / L^2. Scientists have known that action at a distance without the transfer of energy was not possible. A force of gravity would not be possible without the transfer of energy. The amount of energy required to cause the so called force of gravity to make the planets travel in any orbit other than their equilibrium orbits about the sun would be tremendous and is not available. Another explanation is necessary. Einstein and other scientists have assuned that masses change the shape of space time. These explanations have their problems. No problems exist if the modified first law of thermodynamice is used.This is the fundamental equation of the universe. One night when I was walking on Myrtle Beach in the light of the full moon, the full moon was at its highest point in the sky, and the beach was very wide. The lowest tide was present. This is not what would be expected according to the gravitational theory. The gravitational theory states that the tide should be very high. One can find this explained in most older dictionaries or encyclopedias. The water of the ocean is shown bulging on the side of the earth directly under the full moon. The tides never occur in this way. This discrepancy with the law of gravity is explained by the requirement for the time required for the water to flow due to the force . No one has bothered to explain that the water would have to flow at more than 1000 miles per hour to complete this picture. This flow would wash all of the continents away in one day, Here, we have a big problem with the force of gravity . The NOAA U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey has monitored the tides at many ocean ports for many years and this data is available. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has plotted the position and phases of the moon with changes of time. This data is also available. No one has previously published a correlation ot these two sets of data. If they had, it would become very obvious that invariably the lowest tide occurred when the full moon and new moon were exactly directly at their highest point in the sky. It would have been obvious that the lowest tide also occurred on the opposite side of the earth. Not at all consistant with the existing gravitational theory. However, this is predicted by the modified first law of thermodynamics, when the kinetic and potential energies are relative to the rest of the effective universe. If one calculates the kinetic and potential energies of the planets and moons,at mean orbital distance L, one finds that the two are nearly equal in magnitude. This is the only mean orbital distance where a positive change of kinetic energy equals a negative change of potential energy. In the expanding universe this is necessary for equilibriun motion where there is no energy transfer. A force or transfer of total energy would be necessary to make the planets travel at any other mean orbital radius. Nature obeys the modified first law of thermodynamics. The assumption of a force of gravity, with its energy transfer, action at a distance, is not necessary to explain orbital motion. Gravitation is explained by the modified first law of thermodynamics. The Thomas R. Young's two slit defraction pattern is also explained by the modified first law of thermodynamics if one uses the charges e in this fundamental equation for the calculation of kinetic and potential energies. Delta e_1 (2 pi L)^2 / t^2 = Delta-K e_1 e_2 / 4 pi E_o L. Where e_2 is the charge of the rest of the effective universe and . e_1 is the orbital electron. E_o is the dielectric constant. Here, the masses would have little effect by comparison and can be neglected. The kinetic energy change of the electron would then be a function of a change of potential energy relative to the rest of the effective universe. The energy of the electron of the atom on the defraction pattern screen would be a function of the rest of the effective universe. The electron would sense the fact that one or two of the slits was open and the Thomas R Young defraction pattern is explained. We now have the basis for a new quantum mechanics. Light , that is observed as a change of the kinetic energy of the electron, which has the correct energy density (time) , direction and frequency, relative to the rest of the expanding universe, is not a particle, but a function of the potential energy change of the rest of the effective universe . The four fundamental forces - strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational - are likewise illusions that result from Newton's error of interpretation of the mathematics. A force is not possible without the transfer of energy. The graviton is not necessary for equilibrium motion where no energy transfer takes place. The modified first law of thermodynamics says that the total energy of the universe is a constant in the absence of a force and energy transfer. Orbital moton is necessary to the conservation of total energy. Kinetic and potential energies of masses and charges are conserved by orbital motion. |
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