Combining two historical perspectives

The thing that is most striking when encountering the first Sun centered astronomers, at least those who swept away their reservations about a moving Earth, is the enthusiasm which accompanies their comments about the moving Earth of Copernicus. These astronomers would be Galileo and Kepler who understood how the illusory loops of the slower moving planets were actually a result of a faster moving Earth overtaking those planets -

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap160915.html

The less enthusiastic astronomers at the time had every right to be but they were chained to the same Ptolemaic framework as those fully supportive of Copernicus and his presentation of a moving Earth and a Sun centered system.

http://www.physics.unlv.edu/~jeffery...nic_system.png

"[In examining the Ptolemaic hypotheses] . . . it gave me great concern that no necessary cause or natural combination explained why the superior planets are bound to the sun in such a way that at conjunction they always occupy the top of their epicycles, at opposition the lowest point of the same, and that the two planets that are called inferior always have the same mean position with the sun and are close to it at apogee and perigee of their epicycles." Tycho Brahe 1588

Copernicus had one half definitely right while Brahe had Venus and Mercury running circuits of the Sun so how to join the two perspectives ?.

The answer has been outlined here for a number of years using a fairly straightforward procedure regardless if anyone else affirms it or not be it ever so enjoyable.

The illusory loops of the slower moving planets contrast sharply with the actual loops of the faster moving Venus and Mercury where their direct/retrograde motions are simply a result of their smaller orbital circumference -

https://www.popastro.com/images/plan...ary%202012.jpg


The crucial observation is that Venus appears to the left of the Sun as an evening appearance and to the right of the Sun as a dawn appearance with a rare transit being a visible astronomical event marking the point where Venus overtakes us at the closest point (with the central Sun as a backdrop).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z9rM8ChTjY

The stars close to the orbital plane also transition from left to right or from an evening to morning appearance as the Earth travels around the Sun so this alone is proof of the Earth's orbital motion without any reference to the other planets which occurs in the reasoning of Copernicus.


Combining two different perspectives based on planets with larger circumferences than that of the Earth or the smaller circumferences of Venus and Mercury is thereby complete. In future I am sure the explanation will just be accepted without the silence or the vapid objections which marked its introduction via this newsgroup.