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Time Crystals in Einstein's Schizophrenic World



 
 
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  #1  
Old March 14th 17, 10:57 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Default Time Crystals in Einstein's Schizophrenic World

Frank Wilczek's time crystals are now in Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space-time_crystal
"A time crystal or space-time crystal is an open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking (TTSB). It is impossible for a time crystal to be in equilibrium with its environment. The idea of a time crystal was first put forward by Nobel laureate and MIT professor Frank Wilczek in 2012. Space-time crystals extend the ordinary three-dimensional symmetry seen in crystals to include the fourth dimension of time; a time crystal spontaneously breaks the symmetry of time translation. The crystal's pattern repeats not in space, but in time, which remarkably allows for the crystal to be in perpetual motion."

Frank Wilczek is an admirer of beauty, not rationality, so he probably sees no reason why the following question should be asked, let alone answered:

Do time crystals exchange energy with the surroundings, and if they do, what kind of energy is that?

Until this question is clearly answered, the time crystal story will be just another means to brainwash the gullible world (Frank Wilczek and his brothers Einsteinians are very experienced in this).

Pentcho Valev
  #2  
Old March 14th 17, 02:07 PM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Default Time Crystals in Einstein's Schizophrenic World

Insofar as external energy supply is concerned, only three scenarios are conceivable:

1. There is no external energy supply. Such time crystals are obviously impossible - friction will slow down and eventually reduce the "perpetual" motion to zero.

2. The system is receiving regular jerks from the experimentalist. This seems to be the case with sensational (Frank Wilczek's) time crystals:

https://phys.org/news/2017-02-crysta...sts-state.html
"Then, in the summer of 2016, the conditions to create and observe time crystals were laid out in an article in the online arXiv repository, and later published in the peer-reviewed journal Physical Review Letters. The researchers studied how a special property of particles known as quantum spin could be repeatedly reversed by an external force at regular intervals. They predicted that if they did this to a set of particles, the interactions between the particles would produce their own oscillations in the spin, creating a "driven" time crystal. In a matter of months, two different experimental groups had taken on the challenge to create the time crystals in the laboratory. One of the teams fired laser pulses at a train of ytterbium atoms that produced oscillations in the atoms' properties, at different intervals from the pulses. This meant that the ytterbium atoms were behaving as a time crystal. The other team focused on an entirely different system, consisting of impurities in a diamond crystal. They used microwaves to disturb the impurities at well-defined intervals, and observed the same type of time-crystal oscillations as the first team. At last, time crystals had been created and Wilczek's main ideas proven true."

3. Perpetual motion is produced at the expense of ambient heat. That is, heat absorbed from the surroundings drives some perpetual cyclical process but in the end goes back to the surroundings, thanks to friction.

A time crystal of this type can easily be obtained by submerging a capacitor in a dielectric liquid, e.g. water:

http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teachin...es/node46.html
"However, in experiments in which a capacitor is submerged in a dielectric liquid the force per unit area exerted by one plate on another is observed to decrease... [...] This apparent paradox can be explained by taking into account the difference in liquid pressure in the field filled space between the plates and the field free region outside the capacitor."

We have a high pressure between the plates and a lower pressure outside the capacitor so if we punch a small hole in one of the plates, there will be an ETERNAL FLOW through the hole, from inside (between the plates) to outside. In other words, we will have a SYSTEM IN DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. The eternal flow can be harnessed to do work, in violation of the second law of thermodynamics.

I have described second-law-violating time crystals in more detail in my comments in Natu

http://www.nature.com/news/the-quest...e-time-1.21595
"The quest to crystallize time. Bizarre forms of matter called time crystals were supposed to be physically impossible. Now they're not."

Pentcho Valev
  #3  
Old March 16th 17, 09:19 PM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Default Time Crystals in Einstein's Schizophrenic World

A patented time crystal:

https://www.google.com/patents/US9212828
"An Epicatalytic Thermal Diode (ETD) includes one or more ETD cells. Each cell comprises first and second surfaces with a cavity between them, which contains a gas that is epicatalytically active with respect to the pair of surfaces. The surfaces chemically interact with the gas such that the gas dissociates at a faster rate proximate to the first surface than it does proximate to the second surface. Thus, a steady-state temperature differential between the first surface and the second surface is created and maintained.. In various applications, multiple ETD cells are connected in series and/or parallel."

Note that, apart from the steady-state temperature gradient, there are steady-state concentration gradients and respective ETERNAL flows of reactants between the two surfaces.

That catalysts can shift chemical equilibrium was my first heretical idea, about 25 years ago. I believed my argument was convincing and enthusiastically submitted a short paper to Nature - they rejected it without reading it (let alone giving it to referees). My efforts to publish continued, mainly in The Journal of Physical Chemistry, and I was also active on Internet forums. The main result was this:

http://bip.cnrs-mrs.fr/bip10/valevfaq.htm
Athel Cornish-Bowden 1998: "Reading Mr Valev's postings to the BTK-MCA and other news groups and trying to answer all the nonsense contained in them incurs the risk of being so time-consuming that it takes over one's professional time completely, leaving none for more profitable activities. On the other hand, not answering them incurs the even greater risk that some readers of the news group may think that his points are unanswerable and that thermodynamics, kinetics, catalysis etc. rest on as fragile a foundation as he pretends. [...] Can a catalyst shift the position of an equilibrium? No. Absolutely not if it is a true catalyst present at very low concentrations. If it is present at a concentration comparable with that of one or more of the reactants then it may appear to shift the position of equilibrium by mass action effects. However, when it does this it is acting as a reactant, not as a catalyst. Mr Valev's claims to have shown otherwise..."

In my first article submitted to Nature the argument was essentially like this:

Consider the dissociation-association reaction

A - B + C

which is in equilibrium. Let us assume that the forward reaction

A - B + C

is exothermic while the reverse

B + C - A

is endothermic. We add a catalyst, e.g. a macroscopic catalytic surface, and it starts splitting A efficiently but is unable to get together B and C and join them into A. In other words, the catalytic surface accelerates the forward reaction but fails to accelerate the reverse. This looks realistic - the probability that a B molecule and a C molecule will hit the catalytic center simultaneously, so that the center can combine them, could be vanishingly small. Yet, if this is so, the second law is obviously violated - even at equilibrium, there will be local temperature and concentration gradients at the catalytic surface that can in principle be harnessed to do work.

Pentcho Valev
  #4  
Old March 18th 17, 12:12 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Default Time Crystals in Einstein's Schizophrenic World

A simple time crystal the idea of which "has been around for more than 100 years":

http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/19/1/34/pdf
"Catalysts have been used to assist in chemical reactions for about 200 years. They may speed up a reaction and lower energy requirements, but do not change the chemical equilibrium (completeness of a reaction). While they participate in reactions, they are not consumed.
The term "epicatalysis" is used to identify pairs of catalysts that oppose each other in assisting a chemical reaction, such that their chemical equilibrium points are different. The idea has been around for more than 100 years, with several supporting experiments.
If one puts two catalysts with opposing characteristics in contact with a bath of chemical reactants, per Figure 14, three things will occur:
* Catalyst 1 one will create Reactant Set A in favor of Reactant Set B, and Catalyst 2 will create Reactant Set B in favor of Reactant Set A.
* By diffusion, the bath will tend to equalize the reactants in the reverse direction, B diffusing toward Catalyst 1 and A toward Catalyst 2.
* One of the reactions (A = B or B = A) will generate more net heat (be exothermic) than the other, so the catalyst surface will warm, and the other will absorb more net heat (be endothermic).
The difference in net heat (and therefore temperature) may be used to drive a heat engine with no external cold side." [end of quotation]

Note that, in principle, the ETERNAL flows of reactants can also be harnessed to do work, at the expense of heat absorbed from the surroundings and in violation of the second law of thermodynamics.

Pentcho Valev
  #5  
Old March 18th 17, 09:07 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Posts: 8,078
Default Time Crystals in Einstein's Schizophrenic World

Philip Ball explains why Frank Wilczek's time crystals are bogus:

http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/bl...cience-physics
"But to make that happen, the researchers must deliver kicks to the spins, provided by a laser or pulses of microwaves, to keep them out of equilibrium. The time crystals are sustained only by constant kicking, even though - crucially - their oscillation doesn't match the rhythm of the kicking. The experiments are ingenious and the results show that this modified version of Wilczek's vision is feasible. But are we right to award the new findings this eye-catching new label, or are they really just a new example of a phenomenon that has been going on since the first primeval heart started beating? If these fancy arrangements of quantum spins deserve to be called time crystals, can we then say that we each already have a time crystal pulsing inside of us, keeping us alive?"

In Einstein's schizophrenic world rational counterarguments of this type have no effect. The more obvious the falsehood is, the bigger its chances to become a money-spinner. Frank Wilczek will get a second Nobel prize - he is a subtle practitioner of doublethink and knows how to manipulate the gullible world:

http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwe...hapter2.9.html
"Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated. The process has to be conscious, or it would not be carried out with sufficient precision, but it also has to be unconscious, or it would bring with it a feeling of falsity and hence of guilt. Doublethink lies at the very heart of Ingsoc, since the essential act of the Party is to use conscious deception while retaining the firmness of purpose that goes with complete honesty. To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient, and then, when it becomes necessary again, to draw it back from oblivion for just so long as it is needed, to deny the existence of objective reality and all the while to take account of the reality which one denies - all this is indispensably necessary. [...] It need hardly be said that the subtlest practitioners of doublethink are those who invented doublethink and know that it is a vast system of mental cheating. In our society, those who have the best knowledge of what is happening are also those who are furthest from seeing the world as it is. In general, the greater the understanding, the greater the delusion ; the more intelligent, the less sane.."

Pentcho Valev
 




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