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VERIFYING EINSTEIN'S CONSTANCY OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT



 
 
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  #1  
Old July 13th 15, 07:02 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Default VERIFYING EINSTEIN'S CONSTANCY OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT

http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/...ity_light.html
"It should be noted that Einstein did not actually PROVE the constancy of the speed of light in all frames of reference. Rather, it is an axiom (an underlying assumption) from which he derived the rest of his theory. The axiom can be experimentally verified, but it is not proven in any theoretic sense."

The axiom has been verified countless times by measuring the Doppler frequency shift. When the observer starts moving with speed v towards the light source, the frequency he measures shifts from f = c/λ to f' = (c+v)/λ, which, in accordance with the formula

(frequency) = (speed of light)/(wavelength),

means that the speed of the light relative to the observer has shifted from c to c' = c+v, in violation of Einstein's relativity (that is, the speed of light is not constant in all frames of reference):

http://physics.bu.edu/~redner/211-sp...9_doppler.html
"Let's say you, the observer, now move toward the source with velocity vO. You encounter more waves per unit time than you did before. Relative to you, the waves travel at a higher speed: v'=v+vO. The frequency of the waves you detect is higher, and is given by: f'=v'/λ=(v+vO)/λ."

http://a-levelphysicstutor.com/wav-doppler.php
"vO is the velocity of an observer moving towards the source. This velocity is independent of the motion of the source. Hence, the velocity of waves relative to the observer is c + vO. (...) The motion of an observer does not alter the wavelength. The increase in frequency is a result of the observer encountering more wavelengths in a given time."

http://www.md.ucl.ac.be/didac/physiq.../doppler..html
"Effet Doppler: Lorsque l'observateur ou la source de l'onde se déplacent, la fréquence perçue est modifiée. (...) 1.observateur mobile (v), source fixe == modification de la célérité perçue: c' = c ± v == f' = c'/λ."

http://www.donbosco-tournai.be/expo-...fetDoppler.pdf
"Source immobile - Observateur en mouvement: La distance entre les crêtes, la longueur d'onde λ ne change pas. Mais la vitesse des crêtes par rapport Ã* l'observateur change ! L'observateur se rapproche de la source: f' = V'/λ = f(1+Vo/V). (...) L'effet Doppler peut se produire pour toutes les sortes d'ondes."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bg7O4rtlwEE
"Doppler effect - when an observer moves towards a stationary source. ...the velocity of the wave relative to the observer is faster than that when it is still."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC0Q6-xt-Xs
"Doppler effect - when an observer moves away from a stationary source. ....the velocity of the wave relative to the observer is slower than that when it is still."

Pentcho Valev
  #2  
Old July 13th 15, 07:27 PM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Posts: 8,078
Default VERIFYING EINSTEIN'S CONSTANCY OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT

Experimental proof (published in Science) that the speed of light is not constant - light is slowed down at the source and then travels in vacuum at a speed lower than c:

http://rt.com/news/225879-light-speed-slow-photons/
"Physicists manage to slow down light inside vacuum (...) ...even now the light is no longer in the mask, it's just the propagating in free space - the speed is still slow. (...) "This finding shows unambiguously that the propagation of light can be slowed below the commonly accepted figure of 299,792,458 metres per second, even when travelling in air or vacuum," co-author Romero explains in the University of Glasgow press release."

http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2015.../1191422035480
"The speed of light is a limit, not a constant - that's what researchers in Glasgow, Scotland, say. A group of them just proved that light can be slowed down, permanently."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rM-fGNxxmSE
Glasgow researchers slow the speed of light

Pentcho Valev
  #3  
Old July 15th 15, 07:34 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
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Posts: 8,078
Default VERIFYING EINSTEIN'S CONSTANCY OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwiayZ3sH7U
Edward Teller: "Einstein didn't know what he was talking about..."

....or was lying, or both. Here is the proof:

In 1887 (prior to FitzGerald and Lorentz advancing the ad hoc length contraction hypothesis), the Michelson-Morley experiment unequivocally confirmed the variable speed of light predicted by Newton's emission theory of light and refuted the constant (independent of the speed of the light source) speed of light predicted by the immobile ether theory and later adopted by Einstein as his special relativity's second postulate:

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1743/2/Norton.pdf
John Norton: "In addition to his work as editor of the Einstein papers in finding source material, Stachel assembled the many small clues that reveal Einstein's serious consideration of an emission theory of light; and he gave us the crucial insight that Einstein regarded the Michelson-Morley experiment as evidence for the principle of relativity, whereas later writers almost universally use it as support for the light postulate of special relativity. Even today, this point needs emphasis. The Michelson-Morley experiment is fully compatible with an emission theory of light that contradicts the light postulate."

As John Norton suggests, today's Einsteinians ("later writers") are "almost universally" lying about the Michelson-Morley experiment - they teach that the experiment has confirmed the constancy of the speed of light. How about Einstein? Was he honest, as Stachel and Norton believe?

Either Einstein was the author of the hoax, or, as Edward Teller suggests, Einstein didn't know what he was talking about (or both). The following text exposes Einstein shamelessly teaching in 1921 that the Michelson-Morley experiment had confirmed the constancy of the speed of light ("Michelson showed that relative to the moving co-ordinate system K1, the light traveled with the same velocity as relative to K"):

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstrac...66838A 639EDE
The New York Times, April 19, 1921: "The special relativity arose from the question of whether light had an invariable velocity in free space, he [Einstein] said. The velocity of light could only be measured relative to a body or a co-ordinate system. He sketched a co-ordinate system K to which light had a velocity C. Whether the system was in motion or not was the fundamental principle. This has been developed through the researches of Maxwell and Lorentz, the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light having been based on many of their experiments. But did it hold for only one system? he asked. He gave the example of a street and a vehicle moving on that street. If the velocity of light was C for the street was it also C for the vehicle? If a second co-ordinate system K was introduced, moving with the velocity V, did light have the velocity of C here? When the light traveled the system moved with it, so it would appear that light moved slower and the principle apparently did not hold. Many famous experiments had been made on this point. Michelson showed that relative to the moving co-ordinate system K1, the light traveled with the same velocity as relative to K, which is contrary to the above observation. How could this be reconciled? Professor Einstein asked."

Pentcho Valev
 




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