Lemaître’s Hubble relationship

Lemaître’s Hubble relationship
http://physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i8/p8_s1

"The detection of the expansion of the universe is one of the 20th
century’s most important scientific discoveries. It is still widely held
that in 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered the expanding universe1 and that
his discovery was based on his extended observations of redshifts in
spiral nebulae. Both statements are incorrect. The circumstances of the
discovery were well documented in two books: The Day We Found the
Universe, by Marcia Bartusiak, and Discovering the Expanding Universe,
by one of us (Nussbaumer) and Lydia Bieri. Both books were positively
reviewed in the December 2009 issue of PHYSICS TODAY (page 51) . Other
writers have stated the facts correctly as well.

"Alexander Friedmann in 1922 was the first to publish nonstatic
solutions to Albert Einstein’s field equations. However, he did not
extend that work into a cosmological model built on astronomical
observations. Some five years later, Georges Lemaître also discovered
dynamical solutions. In the same publication in which he reported his
discovery, he extracted (on theoretical grounds) the linear relationship
between velocity v and distance r: v = Hr. Combining redshifts published
by Gustaf Strömberg (who relied mostly on Vesto Slipher’s work) and
Hubble’s determination of distances from magnitudes, he calculated two
values for the Hubble constant H, 575 and 670 km/s/Mpc, depending on how
the data are grouped. Lemaître concluded from those results that the
universe was expanding. Two years later Hubble found the same
velocity–distance relationship on observational grounds from practically
the same observations that Lemaître had used. However, Hubble did not
credit anyone for the redshifts, most of which again came from Slipher".

See: http://physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i8/p8_s1

Well, I guess it's upto the science historians to sort this out.

Yousuf Khan

On 02/08/2011 3:15 PM, Sam Wormley wrote:
Lemaître’s Hubble relationship
http://physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i8/p8_s1

"The detection of the expansion of the universe is one of the 20th
century’s most important scientific discoveries. It is still widely held
that in 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered the expanding universe1 and that
his discovery was based on his extended observations of redshifts in
spiral nebulae. Both statements are incorrect. The circumstances of the
discovery were well documented in two books: The Day We Found the
Universe, by Marcia Bartusiak, and Discovering the Expanding Universe,
by one of us (Nussbaumer) and Lydia Bieri. Both books were positively
reviewed in the December 2009 issue of PHYSICS TODAY (page 51) . Other
writers have stated the facts correctly as well.

"Alexander Friedmann in 1922 was the first to publish nonstatic
solutions to Albert Einstein’s field equations. However, he did not
extend that work into a cosmological model built on astronomical
observations. Some five years later, Georges Lemaître also discovered
dynamical solutions. In the same publication in which he reported his
discovery, he extracted (on theoretical grounds) the linear relationship
between velocity v and distance r: v = Hr. Combining redshifts published
by Gustaf Strömberg (who relied mostly on Vesto Slipher’s work) and
Hubble’s determination of distances from magnitudes, he calculated two
values for the Hubble constant H, 575 and 670 km/s/Mpc, depending on how
the data are grouped. Lemaître concluded from those results that the
universe was expanding. Two years later Hubble found the same
velocity–distance relationship on observational grounds from practically
the same observations that Lemaître had used. However, Hubble did not
credit anyone for the redshifts, most of which again came from Slipher".

See: http://physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i8/p8_s1

On 8/3/11 3:36 PM, Yousuf Khan wrote:
Well, I guess it's upto the science historians to sort this out.

It was sorted decades ago!


Yousuf Khan

On 02/08/2011 3:15 PM, Sam Wormley wrote:
Lemaître’s Hubble relationship
http://physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i8/p8_s1

"The detection of the expansion of the universe is one of the 20th
century’s most important scientific discoveries. It is still widely held
that in 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered the expanding universe1 and that
his discovery was based on his extended observations of redshifts in
spiral nebulae. Both statements are incorrect. The circumstances of the
discovery were well documented in two books: The Day We Found the
Universe, by Marcia Bartusiak, and Discovering the Expanding Universe,
by one of us (Nussbaumer) and Lydia Bieri. Both books were positively
reviewed in the December 2009 issue of PHYSICS TODAY (page 51) . Other
writers have stated the facts correctly as well.

"Alexander Friedmann in 1922 was the first to publish nonstatic
solutions to Albert Einstein’s field equations. However, he did not
extend that work into a cosmological model built on astronomical
observations. Some five years later, Georges Lemaître also discovered
dynamical solutions. In the same publication in which he reported his
discovery, he extracted (on theoretical grounds) the linear relationship
between velocity v and distance r: v = Hr. Combining redshifts published
by Gustaf Strömberg (who relied mostly on Vesto Slipher’s work) and
Hubble’s determination of distances from magnitudes, he calculated two
values for the Hubble constant H, 575 and 670 km/s/Mpc, depending on how
the data are grouped. Lemaître concluded from those results that the
universe was expanding. Two years later Hubble found the same
velocity–distance relationship on observational grounds from practically
the same observations that Lemaître had used. However, Hubble did not
credit anyone for the redshifts, most of which again came from Slipher".

See: http://physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i8/p8_s1

On 03/08/2011 4:38 PM, Sam Wormley wrote:
On 8/3/11 3:36 PM, Yousuf Khan wrote:
Well, I guess it's upto the science historians to sort this out.

It was sorted decades ago!

And so what was the answer?

Yousuf Khan

On 8/3/11 7:30 PM, Yousuf Khan wrote:
On 03/08/2011 4:38 PM, Sam Wormley wrote:
On 8/3/11 3:36 PM, Yousuf Khan wrote:
Well, I guess it's upto the science historians to sort this out.

It was sorted decades ago!

And so what was the answer?

Yousuf Khan

Lemaître’s Hubble relationship
http://physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i8/p8_s1

"The detection of the expansion of the universe is one of the 20th
century’s most important scientific discoveries. It is still widely held
that in 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered the expanding universe1 and that
his discovery was based on his extended observations of redshifts in
spiral nebulae. Both statements are incorrect. The circumstances of the
discovery were well documented in two books: The Day We Found the
Universe, by Marcia Bartusiak, and Discovering the Expanding Universe,
by one of us (Nussbaumer) and Lydia Bieri. Both books were positively
reviewed in the December 2009 issue of PHYSICS TODAY (page 51) . Other
writers have stated the facts correctly as well.

"Alexander Friedmann in 1922 was the first to publish nonstatic
solutions to Albert Einstein’s field equations. However, he did not
extend that work into a cosmological model built on astronomical
observations. Some five years later, Georges Lemaître also discovered
dynamical solutions. In the same publication in which he reported his
discovery, he extracted (on theoretical grounds) the linear relationship
between velocity v and distance r: v = Hr. Combining redshifts published
by Gustaf Strömberg (who relied mostly on Vesto Slipher’s work) and
Hubble’s determination of distances from magnitudes, he calculated two
values for the Hubble constant H, 575 and 670 km/s/Mpc, depending on how
the data are grouped. Lemaître concluded from those results that the
universe was expanding. Two years later Hubble found the same
velocity–distance relationship on observational grounds from practically
the same observations that Lemaître had used. However, Hubble did not
credit anyone for the redshifts, most of which again came from Slipher".

See: http://physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i8/p8_s1