SPEED OF LIGHT IN GRAVITY : NEWTON, NOT EINSTEIN

The top of a tower of height h emits light with frequency f, speed c and wavelength L (as measured by the emitter):

f = c/L

An observer on the ground measures the frequency to be f'=f(1+gh/c^2) (the Pound-Rebka experiment), the speed of light to be c' and the wavelength to be L':

f' = c'/L'

The crucial questions a

c' = ? ; L' = ?

Newton's emission theory of light gives a straightforward answer:

Newton's answer: c' = c(1+gh/c^2) ; L' = L

Einstein's general relativity says that c'=c(1+2gh/c^2) but Einsteinians avoid this prediction and instead teach that, according to general relativity, c'=c. Let us ascribe this answer to Einstein:

Einstein's answer: c' = c ; L' = L/(1+gh/c^2)

Obviously, and Einsteinians admit that, Newton's answer is reasonable:

http://www.einstein-online.info/spot...t_white_dwarfs
Albert Einstein Institute: "One of the three classical tests for general relativity is the gravitational redshift of light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation. However, in contrast to the other two tests - the gravitational deflection of light and the relativistic perihelion shift -, you do not need general relativity to derive the correct prediction for the gravitational redshift. A combination of Newtonian gravity, a particle theory of light, and the weak equivalence principle (gravitating mass equals inertial mass) suffices. (...) The gravitational redshift was first measured on earth in 1960-65 by Pound, Rebka, and Snider at Harvard University..."

Einstein's answer is absurd - the variation of the wavelength with height has no physical justification. Consider an equivalent scenario where, in gravitation-free space, a rocket of length h accelerates with acceleration g. If c'=c, then the light emitted by the front end, as it travels towards the back end in the absence of any external constraints, constantly changes its wavelength so that, when this light reaches the observer at the back end, the product f'L' can turn out to be exactly equal to c, Divine Einstein, yes we all believe in relativity, relativity, relativity. Miracles of this kind can only happen in Divine Albert's schizophrenic world.

Pentcho Valev

http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/cla...elativity.html
Michael Fowler, University of Virginia: "What happens if we shine the pulse of light vertically down inside a freely falling elevator, from a laser in the center of the ceiling to a point in the center of the floor? Let us suppose the flash of light leaves the ceiling at the instant the elevator is released into free fall. If the elevator has height h, it takes time h/c to reach the floor. This means the floor is moving downwards at speed gh/c when the light hits. Question: Will an observer on the floor of the elevator see the light as Doppler shifted? The answer has to be no, because inside the elevator, by the Equivalence Principle, conditions are identical to those in an inertial frame with no fields present. There is nothing to change the frequency of the light. This implies, however, that to an outside observer, stationary in the earth's gravitational field, the frequency of the light will change. This is because he will agree with the elevator observer on what was the initial frequency f of the light as it left the laser in the ceiling (the elevator was at rest relative to the earth at that moment) so if the elevator operator maintains the light had the same frequency f as it hit the elevator floor, which is moving at gh/c relative to the earth at that instant, the earth observer will say the light has frequency f(1 + v/c) = f(1+gh/c^2), using the Doppler formula for very low speeds."

Substituting f=c/L (L is the wavelength at emission) into Fowler's equation gives:

f' = f(1+v/c) = f(1+gh/c^2) = (c+v)/L = c(1+gh/c^2)/L = c'/L

where f' is the frequency measured by both the observer "stationary in the earth's gravitational field" and an equivalent observer who, in gravitation-free space, moves with speed v=gh/c towards the emitter. Accordingly, c'=c+v=c(1+gh/c^2) is the speed of light relative to those two observers.. Clearly the frequency shift is due to a shift in the speed of light - the speed of light varies with both the gravitational potential and the speed of the observer just as predicted by Newton's emission theory of light.

These conclusions are not correct if, in gravitation-free space, as light travels towards the observer, it somehow changes its wavelength in accordance with the varying speed of the observer so that, when the observer is reached, the product (frequency)(wavelength) is exactly equal to c (speed of the light relative to the obsevrer), Divine Einstein, yes we all believe in relativity, relativity, relativity.

Pentcho Valev