The core principles

Everyone here owes our ancestors gratitude for creating the 24 hour
clock system and especially how Western civilisation adapted the day to
the axial rotation of the Earth at 15 degrees per hour.There remains a
small group of people who deny the core principles (1) but a quick
description of how the pre-Copernican equable 24 hour day was adapted
by the early heliocentrists to axial rotation at 15 degrees per hour
and 24 hours/360 degrees precisely should make next year a better year
for the rest of the world who already know that the Earth turns once
every 24 hours precisely.

Before the discovery of the Earth's axial rotation and orbital motion
our ancestors relied on the return of the Sun to the same position at
noon to signal the passage of 1 day.Since antiquity it was known that
each day cycle is never the same in respect to the total length of a
day (2) so they devised a system whereby the variations over the total
year (3).The equalisation method was the addition and subtraction of
minutes and seconds to observed natural noon known simply as the
Equation of Time.

Not only did the Equation Time make the 24 hour day possible and allow
the seamless transition from one equable 24 hour day to the next,it
allowed that the calendar system could be constructed of equable 24
hour days,using these days it was found that the stellar background
returned to the same position every 4 years and 1 day (4). We still
retain the reference to natural noon in terms of AM and PM even though
most have forgot its significance to the Equation of Time,both the
natural day and the 24 hour clock day.

Before turning to the heliocentric adaption to the principle of axial
rotation at 15 degrees per hour,it is crucial to keep the Equation of
Time principles which strictly refer to the Sun and the Earth apart
from the later calendar system which uses the stellar
backround.Basically,the Equation of Time is a daily leap correction to
keep the equable 24 hour day elapsing into the next 24 hour day while
the calendar system which is a complimentary extension ,uses a leap
correction once every 4 years to align the stellar background back to
its 1461 day cycle (365.25 days * 4).

The early heliocentrists,on recognising that the Earth had an
independent rotation,retained the Equation of Time core principle which
generates the equable day and applied it to the Earth's rotation on its
axis.As the original 24 hour day is a human conception emerging out of
the natural unequal day it is not difficult to adapt the principle to
the independent axial rotation of the Earth but only after the
Equation of Time is applied (5) .

So,the basic transfer of the pre-Copernican day to the axial rotation
of the Earth at 15 degrees per hour was managed through the common
denominator of the Equation of Time where it remains to this day.While
contemporaries imagine that the principles between clocks and axial
rotation can be severed by way of the calendar system,genuine and
intelligent people would be capable of preventing scientists from
making fools of themselves by way of acknowledging the exquisite
principles which straddle pre-Copernican and heliocentric astronomy.

Without a more accurate view that emerges from this short description
it will be impossible to model climate imbalances from seasonal norms
that rely on an accurate astronomical relationship between axial and
orbital motion over an annual orbit,a true annual orbit rather than the
calendrical/celestial sphere based system.Ultimately is matching our
understanding and adaption of the rich heritage of our ancestors that
was rudely interrupted by celestial cataloguers who introduced an
analemmatic fudge and destroyed the principles between axial rotation
and the Sun reference and substituted a celestial sphere/calendrical
system for other spurious purposes.

Perhaps somebody else can relate the pre-Copernican transfer of the
equable day to the principle of axial rotation at 24 hours/360 degrees
beter than I can but anything is better than this -

http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy...ch/period.html







(1) http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/JennyChen.shtml

(2) Total length of a day refers only to the cycle from noon to noon
and is not to be confused with variations in seasonal changes in
daylight/darkness sometimes the total length makes a natural day 24
hours and 15 min or 23 hours and 45 min depending on where the Earth is
in its orbit.

(3) The relationship between the planet's axial rotation and orbital
motion over the course of an annual orbit is considered seperate to the
4 year and 1 day calendrical cycle.Most people perish on the rocks of
reworking the calendrical system back into the Earth's axial and
orbital motions by introducing a third reference neccessary for the
calendar system - the celestial sphere.The 24 hour clock system refers
strictly to the Earth and the Sun,in its pre-Copernican or heliocentric
formats.

(4) The Equation of Time which facilitates the equable 24 hour day and
by association the calendar system which contains a leap day correction
is not just old,it is extremely old -
http://www.livius.org/caa-can/caesar/caesar_t17.html

(5) Allowing that many now recognise the accurate clocks of John
Harrsion as resolving the determination of position using clocks,it
takes just a small effort to appreceate that without the Equation of
Time,neither clocks nor the superimposing of terrestial longitudes on
the geometry and geography of the planet would be possible.

"Harrison had built his first pendulum clock entirely of wood when he
was twenty. He later published his "Equation of Time" tables 'enabling
a clock user to rectify the difference between solar or true time as
shown on a sundial to the more regular "mean time" as measured by a
clock'."

http://www.sailtexas.com/long.html