Time to overhaul Newton's Theory of Gravitation? (Forwarded)

ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY PRESS INFORMATION NOTE

Issued by RAS Press Officer:
Robert Massey
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CONTACT(s):

Joel Brownstein
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
31 Caroline Street North
Waterloo
Ontario N2L 2Y5
Canada
Tel: +1 (519) 569-7600 ext. 8084
Fax: +1 (519) 569-7611

Professor John Moffat
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of Waterloo
Waterloo
Ontario N2L 3G1
Canada
Tel: +1 (519) 569-7600 ext. 6611
Fax: +1 (519) 569-7611

Date: 26 October 2007

Ref.: PN 07/44

Time to overhaul Newton's Theory of Gravitation?

For almost 75 years, astronomers have believed that the Universe has a
large amount of unseen or 'dark' matter, thought to make up about
five-sixths of the matter in the cosmos. With the conventional theory of
gravitation, based on Newton's ideas and refined by Einstein 92 years ago,
dark matter helps to explain the motion of galaxies, and clusters of
galaxies, on the largest scales.

Now two Canadian researchers at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical
Physics suggest that the motion of galaxies in a distant cluster is more
easily explained by a Modified Gravity (MOG) theory than by the presence
of dark matter. Graduate student Joel Brownstein and his supervisor
Professor John Moffat of the University of Waterloo present their results
in a paper in the 21 November edition of Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society.

The two scientists analysed images of the 'Bullet Cluster' of galaxies
made using the Hubble Space Telescope, Chandra X-ray and Spitzer infrared
observatories and the Magellan telescope in Chile. The Bullet Cluster
consists of two merging clusters of galaxies and lies at a distance of
over 3 billion light years in the direction of the southern constellation
of Carina.

This arsenal of instrumentation gave them maps of the 150 million degree
hot gas between the galaxies and show the effect of gravitational lensing,
where the gravity of an intervening object -- here the Bullet Cluster --
deflects the path of light emitted by a more distant galaxy.

Previous studies suggested that the Bullet Cluster clearly demonstrates
the presence of dark matter. But when Brownstein and Moffat compared the
observed gravitational lensing and distribution of gas with that predicted
using MOG theory, they found no evidence for this. In other words, it is
more natural to explain the appearance of this cluster using a revised
theory of gravitation than by including dark matter.

MOG theory emerges from a generalization of relativity that eluded even
Einstein. The theory has been developed by Moffat for nearly thirty years
and is now yielding astronomical and cosmological results. It has been
used to successfully explain the movement of stars in over 100 galaxies
and the motion of galaxies in more than 100 clusters. MOG theory may also
explain the apparent anomalous deceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 space
probes, launched in the early 1970s and now more than 12000 million km
from the Sun.

The two physicists are enthusiastic about their findings. Brownstein
comments, "Using Modified Gravity (MOG) theory, the 'normal' matter in the
Bullet Cluster is enough to account for the observed gravitational lensing
effect. In time, better observations will lead to higher resolution
pictures of the systems we are studying. Continuing the search for and
then analysing other merging clusters of galaxies will help us decide
whether dark matter or MOG theory offers the best explanation for the
large scale structure of the Universe."

Professor Moffat adds, "If the multi-billion dollar laboratory experiments
now underway succeed in directly detecting dark matter, then I will be
happy to see Einsteinian and Newtonian gravity retained. However, if dark
matter is not detected and we have to conclude that it does not exist,
then Einstein and Newtonian gravity must be modified to fit the extensive
amount of astronomical and cosmological data, such as the bullet cluster,
that cannot otherwise be explained."

NOTES FOR EDITORS

Brownstein and Moffat's full paper will be 'online early' prior to
publication in Monthly Notices and can be viewed at
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/MNR from Friday 26 October.

The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS), founded in 1820, encourages and
promotes the study of astronomy, solar-system science, geophysics and
closely related branches of science. The RAS organizes scientific meetings
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others.

IMAGES:

Images can be found at:

http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/per...ion/index.html

"Koobee Wublee" wrote in message
ps.com...
: On Nov 12, 8:19 pm, Dave [Bigot] Smith wrote:
:
: Time to overhaul Newton's Theory of Gravitation?
:
: Professor Moffat's idea is nothing new. Poisson had already suggested
: a possible modification to the Newtonian law of gravity after writing
: down the Poisson equation.


Poisson wrote down the Poisson equation? Good grief!
Did Newton write down the Newton equation that is so wrong?
Time to overhaul Einstein's Theory of Only One Light Speed.
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070411.html

Am I right in supposing that gravitational lensing has in fact been
observed? This being the case it is clear that some dark matter does
exist although its nature is unclear.

One tentative finding, from the maped didtribution the mean velocity
of whatever the particle is, is round about 8km/s.


- Ian Parker

In sci.astro message .
com, Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:44:05, Ian Parker
posted:

Am I right in supposing that gravitational lensing has in fact been
observed? This being the case it is clear that some dark matter does
exist although its nature is unclear.

It was in essence famously observed by Eddington in 1919, under
circumstances in which the term "dark matter" seems singularly
inapplicable.

In the wider universe, lensing is commonly observed to be caused by
visible objects, which of course cannot consist exclusively of dark
matter and might contain none.

--
(c) John Stockton, Surrey, UK. /
Web URL:http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/ - FAQish topics, acronyms, & links.
Correct = 4-line sig. separator as above, a line precisely "-- " (SoRFC1036)
Do not Mail News to me. Before a reply, quote with "" or " " (SoRFC1036)

On 13 Nov, 23:10, Dr J R Stockton wrote:

In the wider universe, lensing is commonly observed to be caused by
visible objects, which of course cannot consist exclusively of dark
matter and might contain none.

Yes but there is matter not associated with luminous objects.
Furthermore there are haloes surrounding luminous objects. This is
what I assumed to be the case.


- Ian Parker