EINSTEIN AND THE CONSTANT SPEED OF LIGHT

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/...tant-after-all
"Speed of light not so constant after all (...) "It's very impressive work," says Robert Boyd, an optical physicist at the University of Rochester in New York. "It's the sort of thing that's so obvious, you wonder why you didn't think of it first." Researchers led by optical physicist Miles Padgett at the University of Glasgow demonstrated the effect by racing photons that were identical except for their structure. The structured light consistently arrived a tad late."

Clever Einsteinians have always known that the speed of light is not constant. Here is an implicit confession:

http://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/doppler
Albert Einstein Institute: "The frequency of a wave-like signal - such as sound or light - depends on the movement of the sender and of the receiver. This is known as the Doppler effect. (...) Here is an animation of the receiver moving towards the source:

http://www.einstein-online.info/imag...ler_static.gif (stationary receiver)

http://www.einstein-online.info/imag...ector_blue.gif (moving receiver)

By observing the two indicator lights, you can see for yourself that, once more, there is a blue-shift - the pulse frequency measured at the receiver is somewhat higher than the frequency with which the pulses are sent out. This time, the distances between subsequent pulses are not affected, but still there is a frequency shift: As the receiver moves towards each pulse, the time until pulse and receiver meet up is shortened. In this particular animation, which has the receiver moving towards the source at one third the speed of the pulses themselves, four pulses are received in the time it takes the source to emit three pulses."
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[end of quotation]

Since "the distances between subsequent pulses are not affected", and since "four pulses are received in the time it takes the source to emit three pulses", the speed of the light as measured by the receiver (observer) is:

c' = 4d/t = (4/3)(3d/t) = (4/3)c

where d is the distance between subsequent pulses, t is "the time it takes the source to emit three pulses", and c=3d/t is the initial speed of the light (as measured by the source).

Clearly the speed of light (relative to the observer) varies with the speed of the observer, as predicted by Newton's emission theory of light and in violation of Einstein's relativity.

Pentcho Valev

http://www.newscientist.com/article/...han-light.html
"Shapely photons break rules to fly slower than light (...) But the speed of light in a vacuum, a little under 300,000 metres per second, is an unwavering constant that underpins much of modern physics, including Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. It's so important that physicists give it a single letter: c. Now, Miles Padgett at the University of Glasgow, UK, and his colleagues have shown this isn't quite right. Light travelling in a plane wave - the traditional up and down squiggle you learn about in school - always travels at c, but light with a more complex wave structure travels slightly slower, by about a thousandth of a per cent. (...) Don't rip up your physics textbook just yet though - the implications are likely to be minor, only affecting certain short-range experiments that rely on very precise time-of-flight measurements, for example. "We're not challenging Einstein," says Padgett."

Bravo, Padgett! You know your lesson:

http://happynicetimepeople.com/wp-co...peed-limit.jpg

Pentcho Valev