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An Alternative To The Nuclear Atom (part 2)
An Alternative To The Nuclear Atom Part 2
Stored here for convenience: http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/balloon.html This experiment is a re-run of a year 2013 experiment, where I set up a water filled balloon to represent the proton of a hydrogen atom while a soft foam pad resting on its surface represented the electron. The foam pad was driven by a thin connecting rod attached to a crank which gave a 3mm linear motion at the balloon surface. The frequency of oscillation is now measured in 1 second segments using a DOS based timing program where the BIOS clock is reset to zero at the start of each timing cycle. The count is transferred from a computer screen to a mirror mounted above the top surface of the balloon via an inspection camera so that the video camera can capture all of the necessary elements. http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/bal1.jpg http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/bal3.jpg http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/bal6.jpg The balloon radius is such that the circular support base contacts its surface at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane. The intention is to minimize the sources of resonance. This is a video clip of the experiment (6 minutes). https://youtu.be/aaOstpg2iRw In the original video the balloon shape around the points of resonance appeared to vary, but this was only an illusion caused by interference between the cycle rate of the balloon resonance and the camera frame rate. The condition worsened when the video was uploaded to YouTube and adjusted to a YouTube compatible format. The effect has become really weird at some frequencies. The maximum wave heights tell the story. Comparing frequencies is the only option here because a proper zero mark can be set. It makes little sense to compare wavelengths when the zero mark represents infinite frequency. Which is a far cry from the primary resonance. It's all completely backwards. The set of numbers from 1 to 10 listed with the balloon spectrum image below are allocated to each point of balloon resonance, indicated by a white dot. 1 being the lowest frequency. The pink lines are potential beat frequency markers, which are spaced according to; base frequency *4 *4 *4 etc.. The 4 multiplier is the product of 2^2, being the required multiplier for three dimensional resonance. http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/h-spec1.jpg In the image, numbers 1 and 5 are assumed to be linked through the base frequency '1', which is the primary resonance in this case. The FreeBasic program which generated the image extends the pink lines across the page to compare any possible beat scenario. For the next image the red dots indicate the frequencies relative to the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, however they may be generated. The Lyman series is beyond the scope of the image at this magnification. The short white lines are the beat frequency check markers. http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/h-spec2.jpg At 1/3 magnification the Lyman series is included. This time the base frequency for the beat check markers is set at dot number 10. http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/h-spec3.jpg Multiplying the base frequencies indicated by dots, 4,10,12, by four gives exactly the same results as those generated by Rydberg's formula for the dot numbers, 9,13,14, respectively, within the scope of the math. Dots 1,6 also compare as beats (+-) of each other, but the result is a little inaccurate according to Rydberg. Base frequency________________: Per Rydberg. (1) 4.023702E+13 *4 = 1.609481e+14: 1.600336e+14 (dots 1,6) (2) 1.143097E+14 *4 = 4.572388e+14: 4.572389e+14 (dots 4,9) (3) 6.172724E+14 *4 = 2.46909e+15 : 2.46909e+15 (dots 10,13) (4) 7.315821E+14 *4 = 2.926328e+15: 2.926328e+15 (dots 12,14) The two results for base frequency (1) differ by 9.145e11 Hz, so how could each possibly be considered to be a beat of the other? But the difference is miniscule if it's compared in a similar realm to the realm of the balloon. This can be done by setting a time unit that's equal to 1e-13 seconds. The oscillation rate of (1); (4.023702e+13*1e-13 =4.023702~) times 4 = 16.094808 cycles per time unit, while according to Rydberg it's 16.00336 cycles per time unit. The real difference is 1.0057 to 1. Partial resonance would still occur at both frequencies and the tiny error could very easily be concealed. It's doubtful that two resonant states would occur so close together, so which one is closest to the truth? --- An electron would not radiate energy while the positive charge in the proton surface oscillates back and forth with it because the local charge field isn't changing. The only time it does change is when the proton body reaches a resonant state. The driving force applied by the electron is then 180 degrees out of phase with the proton surface oscillation, as is demonstrated in the first few seconds of the video clip. When the electron comes to rest on the proton event horizon, the stored energy has been expelled. Or if an electron impacts on the proton surface with a stopping time which aligns with the half cycle time of one of the resonant states, an electron-proton resonance will be set in motion. The electron stopping energy will be stored in the resonance. The atom described here is exactly as the Zero Origin Concept predicts. --- The FreeBasic compiled Qbasic program which generated the images can be downloaded from http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/spectrl2.exe. Norton will give it an immediate tick of approval if it's OK to run. Otherwise, check that the file size is 150016 bytes before using. Whatever the case, before Windows 10 deletes your downloaded file you'll need to click 'Details'. --- Part 1 http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/q1-q6htm.html ----- Max Keon |
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