The Big Bang Echoes through the Map of the Galaxy

The Big Bang Echoes through the Map of the Galaxy

HARUN YAHYA




In the two widest-ranging exercises on mapping the galaxies carried out
to date, scientists have made findings that offer serious support for
the Big Bang theory. The results of the research were presented at the
winter conference of the American Astronomical Society.

The wide extent of the distribution of galaxies is evaluated by
astrophysicists as one of the most important legacies from the first
phases of the universe to have come down to the present day. It is
therefore possible to refer to the information on the distribution and
location of the galaxies as "a window opening onto the history of the
universe."

In their research that lasted several years, two independent teams,
composed of British, Australian and American scientists, produced a
three-dimensional map of some 266,000 galaxies. The scientists compared
the data they collected on the distribution of the galaxies with the
data for the Cosmic Background Radiation emitted everywhere in the
universe, and made important discoveries regarding the origin of
galaxies. Researchers analysing the data concluded that the galaxies
formed where matter that formed 350,000 years after the Big Bang
relatively clustered together, and then assumed their shape under the
influence of the force of gravity.


According to the Big Bang theory, everything began from the explosion
of a point of infinite density and zero volume. As time passed, space
expanded and the gaps between heavenly bodies grew.
The findings in question confirmed the Big Bang theory, which states
that the universe began from the explosion of a single point of zero
volume and infinite density some 14 billion years ago. This theory has
constantly been confirmed by tests consisting of decades of
astronomical observations, and stands unrivalled on the most solid of
foundations. The Big Bang is accepted by the great majority of
present-day astrophysicists, and constitutes scientific verification of
the fact that God created the universe from nothing.

In its ten-year-long research, the Anglo-Australian Observatory in the
Australian state of New South Wales determined the positions in space
of 221,000 galaxies by means of a three-dimensional mapping technique.
The survey, which was performed with a 3.9 metre diameter telescope at
the observation post, was almost ten times larger than any previous
such study. (1) Under the leadership of Dr. Matthew Colless, director
of the observatory, the team of scientists first determined the
position of galaxies relative to one another and the distances between
them. Then they modelled the distribution of the galaxies and studied
the minute variations in that model in great detail. The scientists
offered their research for publication in the journal Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society.

In a similar study carried out by the Apache Point Observatory in New
Mexico, USA, the positions of some 46,000 galaxies in another region of
space were similarly mapped and their distribution was investigated.
The study, involving the use of a 2.5 metre diameter Sloan telescope,
was carried out under the leadership of Daniel Eisenstein of the
University of Arizona, and is to be published in the Astrophysical
Journal. (2)

The results obtained by the two groups were announced during the winter
meeting of the American Astronomical Society in San Diego, California,
USA on 11 January, 2005.


Data obtained from the COBE satellite in 1992 revealed minute
fluctuations in the emission of Cosmic Background Radiation.
An Important Confirmation

The data obtained as the result of long and careful work confirmed
estimates made decades ago in the field of astronomy regarding the
origin of the galaxies. In the 1960s, theoreticians estimated that
galaxies may have seeded in regions where matter massed in a slightly
higher concentration shortly after the Big Bang. If that estimate is
correct, then the seeds of the galaxies should be capable of being
observed in the form of tiny fluctuations in heat levels in the remains
of radiation left over from the Big Bang and known as Cosmic Background
Radiation.

Cosmic Background Radiation is heat radiation that only began being
emitted 350,000 years after the Big Bang. This radiation, emitted
everywhere in the universe, represents a snapshot of the
350,000-year-old universe, and can be observed rather like a fossil in
the present day. This radiation, first discovered in 1965, was
recognised as definitive proof of the Big Bang with various studies and
observations, and was investigated in great detail. Data obtained from
the COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite in 1992 confirmed the
estimates made in the 1960s and revealed that there were ripples in the
Cosmic Background Radiation. (3) Although at that time a partial link
had been determined between these and the formation of the galaxies,
that link could not be definitely shown until now.

However, that important link was constructed in the latest studies.
Colless and Eisenstein's teams determined a match between the ripples
seen in Cosmic Background Radiation and those in the distances between
galaxies. It was thus established that the galaxies seeded in places
where matter that emerged 350,000 years after the Big Bang concentrated
in slightly higher densities.

At a press conference on the subject, Dr. Eisenstein said that the way
galaxies are scattered across the sky now corresponds to the sound
waves that gave rise to that distribution. Researchers think that
gravity affected the waves and shaped the galaxies. Eisenstein made the
following comment:

"We regard this as smoking-gun evidence that gravity has played the
major role in growing from the initial seeds in the microwave
background (left over from the Big Bang) into the galaxies and clusters
of galaxies that we see around us." (4)

In a statement to the AAP news agency, Russell Cannon, from the other
research team, noted that the findings were of the greatest importance,
and summarised the significance of the research in these terms:

"What we've done is show the pattern of the galaxies, the distribution
of the galaxies which we see here and now, is completely consistent
with this other pattern that's seen in remnants of the big bang..." (5)


Findings were also obtained from the study regarding the levels of
matter and energy that constitute the universe, and the universe's
geometrical form. According to these, the universe consists of 4%
normal matter, 25% dark matter (matter that cannot be observed but that
is calculated to exist), and the rest of dark energy (mysterious energy
that leads to the universe expanding faster than expected). As for the
geometrical shape of the universe - it is flat.

Support for the Big Bang


Sir Martin Rees
The findings made in these studies have further strengthened the Big
Bang theory. Dr. Cannon said that the research added serious weight to
the Big Bang theory about the origin of the universe and emphasized
that support in these words:

"We've known for a long time that the best theory for the universe is
the Big Bang -- that it started in some enormous explosion in a tiny
space and it expanded ever since." (6)

In a comment regarding the studies, Sir Martin Rees, the well-known
Cambridge University astronomer, noted that despite using different
statistical techniques and observations, the teams had arrived at the
same conclusion, and that he regarded this as an indication of the
results' accuracy. (7)

Physicsweb.org, one of the most important physical sciences portals on
the Internet, commented that the studies "provide further evidence for
the standard big bang plus inflation model of cosmology." (8)

Scientists learned that the universe had a beginning (Big Bang) and was
expanding (Inflation) by reading the radiation and heavenly bodies in
space thanks to the possibilities of modern science. However, these
fundamental data are not at all new to mankind. Mankind has been
reading these two facts, which scientists were only able to read in the
depths of space in the 20th century, in the Qur'an for the last 1,400
years.

Two Basic Pieces of Information about the Standard Cosmological Model
Are Provided in the Qur'an

In the Qur'an, and in the Torah and the Bible that were corrupted after
their revelation, God has revealed that the universe and all matter
were created out of nothing; in the Qur'an, the only text that has not
been corrupted, He reveals one other miraculous secret that the
universe is expanding.

The way the universe came into "being" from "non-being" is reported
thus in the Qur'an:

He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. (Qur'an, 6:101)

The expansion of the universe, one of the main areas of research of
modern science, is revealed in this verse:

And it is We Who have constructed the heaven with might, and it is We
Who are steadily expanding it. (Qur'an, 51:47)

As we have seen, two elements of the standard cosmological model, the
Big Bang and Inflation, were reported in the Qur'an at a time when the
means of astronomical observation were very limited. This represents
clear proof that the Qur'an was revealed by God. The findings of modern
science are in complete agreement with what is related in the Qur'an,
and these latest studies once again draw attention to that close
compatibility.



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1- "Galaxy patterns reveal missing link to Big Bang," January 12, 2005,
online at:
http://info.anu.edu.au/mac/Media/Med...05redshift.asp
2- "Detection of the Baryon Acoustic Peak in the Large-Scale
Correlation Function of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies", submitted to
Astrophysical Journal on December 31st, 2004. See. Sloan Digital Sky
Survey, "THE COSMIC YARDSTICK--Sloan Digital Sky Survey astronomers
measure role of dark matter, dark energy and gravity in the
distribution of galaxies," January 11, 2005, online at:
http://www.sdss.org/news/releases/20...yardstick.html
3- "Galaxy patterns reveal missing link to Big Bang", January 12, 2005
4- Deborah Zabarenko, "'Cosmological ruler' helps measure the
universe," January 11, 2005, online at:
http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.j...toryID=7297222
5- "Scientists Score Galaxy Breakthrough," AAP, January 13, 2005,
online at:
http://www.macnewsworld.com/story/Sc...ugh-39646.html
6- "Scientists Score Galaxy Breakthrough", AAP.
7- Maggie McKee, "Big bang sound waves explain galaxy clustering,"
NewScientist.com News Service, January 12, 2005, online at:
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6871; Mark Peplow, "Echoes
of Big Bang found in galaxies," , January 12, 2005,
online at: http://www.nature.com/news/2005/0501.../050110-8.html
8- "Galaxy surveys put cosmology on sound footing," January 12, 2005,
online at: http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/1/7/1





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Researchers analysing the data concluded that the galaxies
formed where matter that formed 350,000 years after the Big Bang
relatively clustered together, and then assumed their shape under the
influence of the force of gravity.

There is one extremely important point about galaxies, partuicularly in
this context, and that is that is that they all have a Black Hole at
their center with a mass approximately 0.5% of the total mass of the
galaxy. 350,000 years AUC (Ab Universa Condita) Black Holes had
aggregated but NOT gas and prto stellar material.

The important question to ask is this. Wahat came first the galaxy or
the Black Hole. It would seem the BH.

wrote in message
oups.com...
Researchers analysing the data concluded that the galaxies
formed where matter that formed 350,000 years after the Big Bang
relatively clustered together, and then assumed their shape under the
influence of the force of gravity.

There is one extremely important point about galaxies, partuicularly in
this context, and that is that is that they all have a Black Hole at
their center with a mass approximately 0.5% of the total mass of the
galaxy. 350,000 years AUC (Ab Universa Condita) Black Holes had
aggregated but NOT gas and prto stellar material.

The important question to ask is this. Wahat came first the galaxy or
the Black Hole. It would seem the BH.

Current thinking is looking at concurrent development
but it is an active area of research.

George

In article .com,
writes:
There is one extremely important point about galaxies, partuicularly in
this context, and that is that is that they all have a Black Hole at
their center with a mass approximately 0.5% of the total mass of the
galaxy.

Reference please? I thought black hole mass was related to _bulge_
mass; not all galaxies even have bulges.

350,000 years AUC (Ab Universa Condita) Black Holes had
aggregated but NOT gas and prto stellar material.

What makes you think black holes had already formed at that epoch?

The important question to ask is this. Wahat came first the galaxy or
the Black Hole. It would seem the BH.

Yes, that's quite an important question. What makes you think the
answer is known?

--
Steve Willner Phone 617-495-7123
Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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