A Space & astronomy forum. SpaceBanter.com

Go Back   Home » SpaceBanter.com forum » Astronomy and Astrophysics » Astronomy Misc
Site Map Home Authors List Search Today's Posts Mark Forums Read Web Partners

AGAINST THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS



 
 
Thread Tools Display Modes
  #1  
Old January 21st 16, 01:32 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 8,078
Default AGAINST THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

http://scientificexploration.s3.amaz...lnDRk5cRlfo%3D
Daniel P. Sheehan, Beyond the Second Law of Thermodynamics: "These culminated in 2012-13 with a series of lab- oratory experiments that showed true second law breakdown.4 The demonstration was straightforward. A small, closed, high- temperature cavity contained two metal catalysts (rhenium and tungsten), which were known to dissociate molecular hydro- gen (H2) to different degrees (Figure 1). (Rhenium dissociates hydrogen molecules into atoms better than tungsten does; conversely, tungsten recombines hydrogen atoms back into hydrogen molecules better than rhenium.) Because the disso- ciation reaction (H2 - 2H) is endothermic (absorbs heat), and the recombination reaction (2H - H2) is exothermic (liberates heat), when hydrogen was introduced into the cavity, the rhenium surfaces cooled (up to more than 125 K) relative to the tungsten (Figure 2). Because the hydrogen-metal reactions were ongoing in the sealed cavity, the rhenium stayed cooler than the tungsten indefinitely. This permanent temperature difference--this steady-state nonequilibrium--is expressly for- bidden by the second law, not just because the system won't settle down to a single-temperature equilibrium, but because this steady-state temperature difference can, in principle, be used to drive a heat engine (or produce electricity) solely by converting heat back into work, which is a violation of one of the most fundamental statements of the second law (Kelvin- Planck formulation)."

Pentcho Valev
  #2  
Old January 21st 16, 01:44 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 8,078
Default AGAINST THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

https://www.scientificexploration.org/edgescience/24
Daniel P. Sheehan, Beyond the Second Law of Thermodynamics: "These culminated in 2012-13 with a series of lab- oratory experiments that showed true second law breakdown.4 The demonstration was straightforward. A small, closed, high- temperature cavity contained two metal catalysts (rhenium and tungsten), which were known to dissociate molecular hydro- gen (H2) to different degrees (Figure 1). (Rhenium dissociates hydrogen molecules into atoms better than tungsten does; conversely, tungsten recombines hydrogen atoms back into hydrogen molecules better than rhenium.) Because the disso- ciation reaction (H2 - 2H) is endothermic (absorbs heat), and the recombination reaction (2H - H2) is exothermic (liberates heat), when hydrogen was introduced into the cavity, the rhenium surfaces cooled (up to more than 125 K) relative to the tungsten (Figure 2). Because the hydrogen-metal reactions were ongoing in the sealed cavity, the rhenium stayed cooler than the tungsten indefinitely. This permanent temperature difference--this steady-state nonequilibrium--is expressly for- bidden by the second law, not just because the system won't settle down to a single-temperature equilibrium, but because this steady-state temperature difference can, in principle, be used to drive a heat engine (or produce electricity) solely by converting heat back into work, which is a violation of one of the most fundamental statements of the second law (Kelvin- Planck formulation)."

Pentcho Valev
  #3  
Old January 26th 16, 01:14 AM posted to sci.astro
Pentcho Valev
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 8,078
Default AGAINST THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

The second law of thermodynamics is almost obviously false for chemical systems. Consider the (valid) argument that, if catalysts can shift chemical equilibrium, the second law would be violated:

https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/...lyst-447-3459/
"In the presence of a catalyst, both the forward and reverse reaction rates will speed up equally, thereby allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster. However, it is very important to keep in mind that the addition of a catalyst has no effect whatsoever on the final equilibrium position of the reaction. It simply gets it there faster. (...) To reiterate, catalysts do not affect the equilibrium state of a reaction. In the presence of a catalyst, the same amounts of reactants and products will be present at equilibrium as there would be in the uncatalyzed reaction. To state this in chemical terms, catalysts affect the kinetics, but not the thermodynamics, of a reaction. If the addition of catalysts could possibly alter the equilibrium state of the reaction, this would violate the second rule of thermodynamics...."

It is evident that, for the dissociation-association reaction

A - B + C,

a catalyst cannot speed up both the forward and reverse reaction rates equally, due to the entirely different forward and reverse catalytic mechanisms.. In the forward (dissociation) reaction, the catalyst should just meet and split A. In the reverse (association) reaction, the catalyst should first get together B and C, which, if the diffusion factor is predominant, could be highly improbable.

Catalysts do shift chemical equilibrium, in violation of the second law of thermodynamics.

I have started the same discussion (and it has developed in an interesting way) he

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aL_iNGh8CNo
Chemical Thermodynamics - Second Law / Entropy Review

Pentcho Valev
 




Thread Tools
Display Modes

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

vB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Forum Jump

Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
GETTING RID OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Pentcho Valev Astronomy Misc 2 June 22nd 13 10:25 AM
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS IN JEOPARDY Tonico Astronomy Misc 0 March 20th 12 06:55 PM
TRAGICOMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Tonico Astronomy Misc 0 March 12th 12 01:04 PM
VERSIONS OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Pentcho Valev Astronomy Misc 7 November 10th 11 11:29 PM
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Pentcho Valev Astronomy Misc 2 December 24th 10 01:47 AM


All times are GMT +1. The time now is 07:44 PM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.6.4
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
Copyright ©2004-2024 SpaceBanter.com.
The comments are property of their posters.