|
|
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
#1
|
|||
|
|||
Critique: Out of Step: The Autobiography of an Individualist (1962)
from: http://www.lewrockwell.com/chodorov/chodorov20.1.html
( If We Quit Voting, by Frank Chodorov) Note: The article has been parsed into paragraphs, starting at the fifth paragraph, with opinion inserted after each, throughout the rest of the article) Article: "It is this transference of power from voter to elected agents that is the crux of republicanism. The transference is well- nigh absolute. Even the constitutional limitations are not so in fact, since they can be circumvented by legal devices in the hands of the agents." Reaction: Constitutional limitations should be circumvented, and especially in the case of a republic run amok with the *******ization of new, cheap, clean, and abundant energy technology, with an associated massive earth-to-orbit industry for its citizens, with absolutely no regard towards any respective media endorsement (without completely dumbing down private innovation without endorsing an invasive liberal political spin), for the welfare of a majority of its citizens. Article: "Except for the tenuous process of impeachment, the mandate is irrevocable. For the abuse or misuse of the mandate the only recourse left to the principals, the people, is to oust the agents at the next election. But when we oust the rascals, do we not, as a matter of course, invite a new crowd? It all adds up to the fact that by voting them out of power, the people put the running of their community life into the hands of a separate group, upon whose wisdom and integrity the fate of the community rests." Reaction: With no information available to the voter about a candidate's vote record, it's just too late to decide on a preferred electorate above 50/50, which remains in favor of the majority - add to this the slanted view that most liberal media contend what is their own truth, and as a worst case scenario, the public's soap- opera ability to believe everything put in front of them, not only because it looks pretty, but it sounds just as beautiful as it looks. Those politicians who are actually doing the work for the majority should not have to be as hollywood as the liberal media would like to make them out to be. Article: "All this would change if we quit voting. Such abstinence would be tantamount to this notice to politicians: since we as individuals have decided to look after our affairs, your services are no longer needed. Having assumed social power we must, as individuals, assume social responsibility – provided, of course, the politicians accept their discharge. The job of running the community would fall on each and all of us. We might hire an expert to tell us about the most improved firefighting apparatus, or a manager to look after cleaning the streets, or an engineer to build us a bridge; but the final decision, particularly in the matter of raising funds to defray costs, would rest with the townhall meeting. The hired specialists would have no authority other than that necessary for the performance of their contractual duties; coercive power, which is the essence of political authority, would be exercised, if necessary, only by the committee of the whole." Reaction: What is the limit to the size of a community? Will they all become like little "Americas"? What about roads through the communities used to deliver goods and services? Will there be any air traffic? Is communication by telephone/internet/television bounded strictly by geographical location? Who will protect the community from outside invasion? As the population of the community increases, how should its borders expand? The idea here is that if a community of this sort were to expand horizontally, there would have to be "growing pains" associated with inter-community rules and regulations/conflicts of interest, etc., but this would only be a symptom of "horizontal" growth. On the other hand, "vertical" growth means that either one rises skyward, or goes underground, without inhibiting the growth of either its neighbors or inter-community rivals. Article: "There is some warrant for the belief that a better social order would ensue when the individual is responsible for it and, therefore, responsive to its needs. He no longer has the law or the lawmakers to cover his sins of omission; need of the neighbors' good opinion will be sufficient compulsion for jury duty and no loopholes in a draft law, no recourse to "political pull" will be possible when danger to his community calls him to arms. In his private affairs, the now-sovereign individual will have to meet the dictum of the marketplace: produce or you do not eat; no law will help you. In his public behavior he must be decent or suffer the sentence of social ostracism, with no recourse to legal exoneration. From a law-abiding citizen he will be transmuted into a self-respecting man." Reaction: The team spirit that was once the glue between employees in large industries was a kind of balance between tightening and slackening the easy yoke of responsibility, as it should be. Smaller industries in smaller communities might have tighter reins, unless there is more respect for the individual w/family, as well as respect for the "family type of atmosphere" for others in the workplace. Since sovereignity for the masses can never become effective instantaneously, everyone's privacy in matters of what or what is not personal prejudice will come into conflict with just about anyone who attempts to maintain their own innocence, despite overwhelming evidence to the populist's contrary - yet throughout history it has been the ostracised, the outcast, the strange, the rejected, that have been both the innovators in the marketplace, as well as the societal revolutionaries. Article: "Would chaos result? No, there would be order, without law to disturb it." Reaction: Order that ends at the beginning of one's personal space that surrounds themselves in the workplace, or at the beginning of one's personal or private property is no longer safe from things that affect one's thoughts or well-being because it is invisible - electromagnetic or otherwise - so it is, that there is a need for the appropriate filters and detection apparatus to recognize what the visible, as well as the invisible threats are, from our local, as well as our regional surroundings might be. Article: "But, let us define chaos. Is it not disharmony resulting from social friction? When we trace social friction to its source do we not find that it seminates in a feeling of unwarranted hurt, or injustice? Then chaos is a social condition in which injustice obtains." Reaction: One might say that anything that cannot blend in with its background, is a "disturbing" element - but who is to decide what, where, when, and how is something "disturbing"? Perhaps the "what" is more important than the "how", or the "where" is more important than the "when". In fact, there are exactly 24 combinations of possibilities which have to be ascertained before a reliable enough conclusion as to what may "seem" more chaotic than "harmonious" is made, and all according to the universality of (the one perpetrator's) most interchangable, sensory inputs. Article: "Now, when one man may take, by law, what another man has put his labor into, we have injustice of the keenest kind, for the denial of a man's right to possess and enjoy what he produces is akin to a denial of life." Reaction: How to apply this principle to both tangible and intangible goods - such as ideas, patents, original designs, innovations, suggestions, and/or just plain common sense as the "oil" that makes things work, would require an army of trial lawyers, not to mention a bevy of Judge Roy Beans at your disposal, for effecting the fines, warrants, or payments due. Article: "Yet the power to confiscate property is the first business of politics. We see how this is so in the matter of taxation; but greater by far is the amount of property confiscated by monopolies, all of which are founded in law." Reaction: The lackluster performance of protecting what becomes "intellectual property" as well as "patent protection" is rooted in negative law practice, and in particular, political agendas supporting monopolistic markets. Article: "While this economic basis of injustice has been lost in our adjustment to it, the resulting friction is quite evident. Most of us are poor in spite of our.." Reaction: Easy enough to say, but there never seems to be any discussion of what a "common ground" might consist of, given things like edible nano-paper money: http://groups.google.com/group/sci.s...877f525e?hl=en or even a few shreds of intellectual capital directed at the development of cheap and reliable replacement for "foreign" energy resources. Article: "..constant effort and known ability to produce an abundance; the incongruity is aggravated by a feeling of hopelessness. But the keenest hurt.." Reaction: Energy "abundance" is where the nail becomes driven into the coffin of energy co-dependency - with foreign oil, with the ban on American offshore/onshore drilling, and with the ban on cost-competitive revolutionary abundant energy replacement technology. Article: "..arises from the thought that the wealth we see about us is somehow ours by right of labor, but is not ours by right of law. Resentment, intensified by bewilderment, stirs up a reckless urge to do something about it. We demand justice; we have friction. We have strikes and crimes and bankruptcy and mental unbalances. And we cheat our neighbors, and each seeks for himself a legal privilege to live by another's labor. And we have war. Is this a condition of harmony or of chaos?" Reaction: Positive law is being currently discouraged, while most TORT prosecutions are being designed to drain most R&D from large, potential upstarts, given a host of attorneys most suited for the new EPA doctrine, and taxing the citizens to boot. The legal machines for deconstruction become self-perpetuating, especially when large, profitable companies can afford to bribe and/or payoff both the EPA regulators and the industrial contractors for the important work that they must accomplish. Article: "In the frontier days of our country there was little law, but much order, for the affairs of the community were in the hands of the citizenry. Although fiction may give an opposite impression, it is a fact that there was less per capita crime to take care of then than there is now when law pervades every turn and minute of our lives. What gave the West its wild and woolly reputation was the glamorous drama of intense community life. Everybody was keenly interested in the hanging of a cattle rustler; it was not done in the calculated quiet of a prison, with the dispatch of a mechanical system. The railriding of a violator of townhall dicta had to be the business of the town prosecutor, who was everybody." Reaction: The "noise" around the individual was much, much less and a great deal more "filtered" than it is today. During the olden days of the move out west, people were more interested in living off the land. That has been replaced by the industrial revolution - farm machinery has reduced the required harvest and storage time by nearly a thousand fold. The agrarian society has all but disappeared with the suburban cosmopolitan society - however we have not forgotten who our Creator is and was: we remember our need to remain attached to the soil, as well as to the time and the place that we were birthed into - we recognize that it was a gift of God with divine purpose and meaning, and our lives are based upon bringing the Lord of our spiritual harvest back to our habitation as a witness to future generations of mankind. Article: "Though the citizen's private musket was seldom used for the protection of life and property, its presence promised swift and positive justice, from which no legal chicanery offered escape, and its loud report announced the dignity of decency." Reaction: Given the background of most being hunters at the time, there can be no doubt that without a reliable witness available, the legal council became attached to one's moral relativity in the case of "who could draw faster" rather than "who was doing the right thing". Although everyone's "guilty before proven innocent" may have been right most of the time and after the fact, hearings where locals knew most everybody in town would probably decide in the town's best interest before anything else. Article: "Every crime was committed against the public, not the law, and therefore the public made an ado about it. Mistakes were made, to be sure, for human judgment is ever fallible; but, until the politician came, there was no deliberate malfeasance or misfeasance; until laws came, there were no violations, and the code of human decency made for order." Reaction: When the church was at the center of the community, life was much simpler - but it was also physically tougher - as the agrarian society began to disappear, people had more leisure time, and therefore involved themselves in harmless distractions - reading, writing, and the arts. With reading came additional comprehension, and with the additional comprehension came the trial lawyers. Unfortunately, women, children, and basically those who do a lot less "grunting" for a living, are affected more by how others express themselves with acting and gesturing, rather than with pointing and shouting. We love to imagine the impossible, and so we become enamoured with every possible scenario that could possibly exist except the most truthful one - inevitably those with the tears are the most convincing to us, because it reminds us of our own frailty - and that is what advances our species - the recognition of an honest frailty in others that may require our attention. Article: "So, if we should quit voting for parties and candidates, we would individually reassume responsibility for our acts and, therefore, responsibility for the common good. There would.." Reaction: But only if we forgot to recognize the reason for either the party and/or the candidate's platform in the first place, which was not supposed to either subvert our rights as participants in the arena of ideas, or continue to perpetuate monopolizing our infrastructure as though we were only prisoners. Article: "..be no way of dodging the verdict of the marketplace; we would take back only in proportion to our contribution. Any attempt to profit at the expense of a neighbor or the community would be quickly spotted and as quickly squelched, for everybody would recognize a threat to himself in the slightest indulgence of injustice. Since nobody would have the power to enforce monopoly conditions, none would obtain. Order would be maintained by the rules of existence, the natural laws of economics. That is, if the politicians would permit themselves to be thus ousted from their positions of power and privilege." Reaction: A monopoly can only exist when the "perpetrator" does not share in his innovativeness. The laws of the bureaucracy in which they operate become inert unless they exist to protect the safety and welfare of its citizenry; although God is no respector of persons, it should be the government's perogative to allow certain respects, as well as enforcements of those respects, to be granted to all citizens within the community. Politicians would become like little gods, exercising the perogatives of whole sectors of communities, and seeing to it that the needs of the most pressing problems between groups of communities become resolved in a timely manner. Article: "I doubt it." Reaction: That should be the reason why all politicians assume power - it was granted to them by all of the communities-at-large, in order to resolve questions regarding the communities' present and future development. Article: "Remember that the proposal to quit voting is basically revolutionary; it amounts to a shifting of power from one group to another, which is the essence of revolution. As soon as the nonvoting movement got up steam, the politicians would most assuredly start a counterrevolution. Measures to enforce voting would be instituted; fines would be imposed for violations, and prison sentences would be meted out to repeaters." Reaction: Which is why it will never happen - as long as the politicians continue to do the job that they were sent there to do - they will represent the needs of the people in the region, for both the present needs, and the future of what is defined as "success" for the region. Article: "It is a necessity for political power, no matter how gained, to have the moral support of public approval, and suffrage is the most efficient scheme for registering it; notice how Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin insisted on having ballots cast. In any republican government, even ours, only a fraction of the populace votes for the successful candidate, but that fraction is quantitatively impressive; it is this appearance of overwhelming sanction that supports him in the exercise of political power. Without it he would be lost." Reaction: Why are elections too close to all when it is both candidates seem almost identical in their passions - it is, in fact, a characteristic of the imitator verses the imitated - yet it is the one who most truthfully imitates what God would do that usually gets labeled as the most self-righteous, the most "religious-minded", and the most "bigoted", in contrast to the one who can "get the job done". Sometimes everything should not continue on as it always has, but the public is forced into making a decision that is based more upon convenience than necessity. There is nothing "smooth" about following God, yet the option is on the table for any person willing to go the distance, in order to have a better solution that puts more of God's people first than the electorate. Sometimes it IS a matter between good and evil, IMHO. Article: "Propaganda, too, would bombard this passive resistance to statism; not only that put out by the politicians of all parties – the coalition would be as complete as it would be spontaneous – but also the more effective kind emanating from seemingly disinterested sources. All the monopolists, all the coupon-clipping foundations, all the tax-exempt eleemosynary institutions – in short, all the "respectables" – would join in a howling defense of the status quo." Reaction: Man can never "own" the status quo, because man never "created" all the living, breathing, beings that comprise the status quo - sure, all the statists would howl in unison, but is that not out of their own insecurity for relinquishing their co-dependency with their tax base, rather than with the intellectual capital of those attempting to be represented in a more open-minded and honest manner? The truth is, that the statists can spin their webs of deceit as long as there are willing cacoons for caterpillars - but there seems to be just as many butterflies available - so why the excessive micromanagement and taxation? Article: "We would be told most emphatically that unless we keep on voting away our power to responsible persons, it would be grabbed by irresponsible ones; tyranny would result." Reaction: There should never be, in any advanced society, a contest between the values that intellectual capitalists hold, verses the values of those that simply move around financial capital without understanding the complete futility and consequences of their actions - case in point: the short selling of stocks by hedge fund investors in order to drive stocks down for profit. - nothing innovative here - just pure greed at the expense of investors. Article: "That is probably true, seeing how since the beginning of time men have sought to acquire property without laboring for it." Reaction: Labor can be mental as well as physical - many ideas that had their origins on the drafting board, now have them on computer screens. Computer screens are divided into those used for entertainment, and those used for work - beware of the huge memory, high speed computer - they are one-eyed monsters that are even more brain-sucking than television sets. Article: "The answer lies, as it always has, in the judicious use of private artillery. On this point a story, apocryphal no doubt, is worth telling. When Napoleon's conquerors were considering what to do with him, a buck-skinned American allowed that a fellow of such parts might be handy in this new country and ought to be invited to come over. As for the possibility of a Napoleonic regime being started in America, the recent revolutionist dismissed it with the remark that the musket with which he shot rabbits could also kill tyrants. There is no substitute for human dignity." Reaction: If "There is no forgiveness without the shedding of blood" (Hebrews 9:22), then the buck-skinned American ought to forgive himself for carrying his own musket, if it were not used for the same purpose that God had intended it for - in fact, if Almighty God had his way with this man's life, Napoleon's men would never have even met him, for he would be vanished in the wilderness of peace, rather than in the man-centered artifice of strategy. His dignity would then rest with the Lord of the Harvest, rather than with the man of war. Article: "But the argument is rather specious in the light of the fact that every election is a seizure of power. The balloting system has been defined as a battle between opposing forces, each armed with proposals for the public good, for a grant of power to put these proposals into practice. As far as it goes, this definition is correct; but when the successful contestant acquires the grant of power toward what end does he use it – not theoretically but practically? Does he not, with an eye to the next campaign, and with the citizens' money, go in for purchasing support from pressure groups? Whether it is by catering to a monopoly interest whose campaign contribution is necessary to his purpose, or to a privilege-seeking labor group, or to a hungry army of unemployed or of veterans, the over-the-barrel method of seizing and maintaining political power is standard practice." Reaction: Elections can only hire actors after-the-fact, in order to carry out the deeds of their purchasers. Either the voting public has been duped, or they understand the responsibility that they have in obliging the system of taxes for reducing their paychecks. The same can be said of tithing - except that in the case of a pastor, priest, reverend, or rabbi, the duping mechanism is a much more serious accusation. These people are trained not to lie to God - politicians are born liars, stuffed shirts full of promises, and basically hollow souls waiting for a new agenda to follow. Politicians do not respect the Christian's year of jubilee, in which every seven years, all debts are forgiven - banks don't either, for that matter. Simply put, the establishment no longer trusts the citizens that comprise the state, because many of the citizens themselves have become corrupted by liberal elites, who would rather twist the law in favor of someone's own situational ethic, than a biblical commandment or good faith action. Article: "This is not, however, an indictment of our election system. It is rather a description of our adjustment to conquest. Going back to beginnings – although the process is still in vogue, as in Manchuria, or more recently in the Baltic states – when a band of freebooters developed an appetite for other people's property they went after it with vim and vigor. Repeated visitations of this nature left the victims breathless, if not lifeless, and propertyless to boot. So, as men do when they have no other choice, they made a compromise. They hired one gang of thieves to protect them from other gangs, and in time the price paid for such protection came to be known as taxation. The tax gatherers settled down in the conquered communities, possibly to make collections certain and regular, and as the years rolled on a blend of cultures and of bloods made of the two classes one nation. But the system of taxation remained after it had lost its original significance; lawyers and professors of economics, by deft circumlocution, turned tribute into "fiscal policy" and clothed it with social good." Reaction: That is the twist that originally started in the book of Job - Job argued with his accusers - among them, the local Satrap being the only protector of property "seen" when God's evidence of Job's success had disappeared from his life - 5,000 camel, 3,000 sheep, and 3,000 head of oxen - not to mention his wife, seven sons, and seven daughters. The same spirit of hiring thieves to protect one's belongings may have been rejected by Job, and so Job became tested by Satan. The same spirit of Satan tried testing Christ in the wilderness, and received to following reply, "Begone Satan! for it is written, 'You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve.' Should this same test be applied to those entering the new frontier of space travel? (Not unless these pioneers can be identified with the search and seizure of newfound, orbital territory for building infrastructure, and the satraps - who are the aforementioned lawyers and professors of economics become identified with the fallen angels - who choose to remain behind! Should they subvert my God-given supernatural in- stinct to survive the elements by handing my soul over to some completely man-centered civilization? Not a chance! Neither will I be taken into captivity, or be required to become like bricks instead of cornerstones! Article: "Nevertheless, the social effect of the system was to keep the citizenry divided into two economic groups: payers and receivers. Those who lived without producing became traditionalized as "servants of the people," and thus gained ideological support. They further entrenched themselves by acquiring sub-tax-collecting allies; that is, some of their group became landowners, whose collection of rent rested on the law-enforcement powers of the ruling clique, and others were granted subsidies, tariffs, franchises, patent rights, monopoly privileges of one sort or another. This division of spoils between those who wield power and those whose privileges depend on it is succinctly described in the expression, "the state within the state." Reaction: It would seem to be that "payers" and receivers" are synonymous with "givers" and "takers", as long as the federal reserve notes remain "promissory". The "ideological support" that exists for being a "servant of the people" can only assist to the extent that they are actually helping, and not hindering, those people who are the "givers", gain advantage for free market support, and are doing this against any "competition" that might appear on the horizon. However, by their virtue of being further "entrenched" through the acquisition of sub-tax-collecting allies, they have cross-diluted their idealization against their originally touted idealizations against the "giver", and the "giver" is thus compromised both intellectually and bureaucracy-wise against their own "takers". Land-owners cannot replace designers of orbital infrastructure, and earth-based rent enforcement cannot replace the practice of pedis possessio, or "ownership by occupation". The state has its child in the form of subsidies, tariffs, franchises, patent rights, and monopoly privileges of one sort or another - Almighty YHWH draws all men unto himself - some having gifts of the spirit, and some having fruits of the spirit. "Gifts" and "fruit" are not the same thing - one is a brainstormer and the other is a works generator. Both are NOT controls on overall growth in infrastructure, but are free gifts of the eternal spirit of God. With God, there are no limits to growth - as long as the receiver of spiritual truth can self-organize within a hierarchy of needs- based ascendency, all who can agree to uphold the positive law will never become stalled in their growth while examining there own accomplishments for deficiency, and the best examples for the right kind of growth will end up being the most prosperous. Article: "Thus, when we trace our political system to its origin, we come to conquest. Tradition, law, and custom have obscured its true nature, but no metamorphosis has taken place; its claws and fangs are still sharp, its appetite as voracious as ever. In the light of history it is not a figure of speech to define politics as the art of seizing power; and its present purpose, as of old, is economic.There is no doubt that men of high purpose will always give of their talents for the common welfare, with no thought of recompense other than the goodwill of the community. But so long as our taxation system remains, so long as the political means for acquiring economic goods is available, just so long will the spirit of conquest assert itself; for men always seek to satisfy their desires with the least effort. It is interesting to speculate on the kind of campaigns and the type of candidates we would have if taxation were abolished and if, also, the power to dispense privilege vanished. Who would run for office if there were nothing in it?" Reaction: Men of the most power and stature - men of the ruling class - understand that when there are those who will rob, kill, and steal without cause against those who are the most self-organized - that even the meaning of "organization" will take on a new meaning. A lion will stalk and devour his prey through brute force. 1 Peter 5:8 says, "Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour". They key to being vigilantly "organised" is maintained by having the most precise recall, when it comes to designing a legal model that not only enamours others into participating, but attracts spectators and those wishing to duplicate (its) success. What is the "legal model" for being "vigilantly organized"? Guarding one's supply lines, operations, maintenance, and security are at the top of the list. Article: "Why should a self-respecting citizen endorse an institution grounded in thievery? For that is what one does when one votes. If it be argued that we must let bygones be bygones, see what we can do toward cleaning up the institution so that it can be used for the maintenance of an orderly existence, the answer is that it cannot be done; we have been voting for one "good government" after another, and what have we got? Perhaps the silliest argument, and yet the one invariably advanced when this succession of failures is pointed out, is that "we must choose the lesser of two evils." Under what compulsion are we to make such a choice? Why not pass up both of them?" Reaction: While maintaining a moderation or slowing of the route to complete partisan self-destruction, the two- party system has lately too easily become ideal for "shifting the blame" to the other party, mostly until third party observers begin to recognize the shameful and disgusting representation that was falsely representing the time, energy, and talent of the willful taxpayer. America, apart from the politicians, is a good country. It's people, apart from the politicians, are more charitable than those who legislate authority by fiated capital. There needs to be a counter-balance to rule-by-fiat with newly minted coin - coin that does not require the precious metals, sub-prime, short sell hedge fund markets as its handlers. There must be a new market that becomes redefined outside of the current monopolistic market of world banks, or world currencies - and it must be a market that can protect itself from the "political bands that have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them" (First paragraph of the Declaration of Independence). Article: "To effectuate the suggested revolution all that is necessary is to stay away from the polls. Unlike other revolutions, it calls for no organization, no violence, no war fund, no leader to sell it out. In the quiet of his conscience each citizen pledges himself, to himself, not to give moral support to an unmoral institution, and on election day he remains at home. That's all. I started my revolution 25 years ago and the country is none the worse for it." Reaction: Ignorance of the issues that are being ignored are part of the vigilance that is necessary for creating the perspective for "at what time and place" both parties have decided to put the interest of the establishment/entitlement candidates (of both parties) ahead of the "I am independent" interests of the sovereign voter. One's independence from "collectives" also means one's independence from technology that collectives (and eventual collectives) hide behind: pork-barrel projects, green agendas, economic transnationalism, TORT law, short term profit, squelched R&D, and defunded exploration initiatives. American "Equality is a slogan based on envy. It signifies in the heart of every republican: "Nobody is going to occupy a place higher than I." - Conversation with Nassau William Senior, 22 May 1850 Nassau, p. 94 "I think that democratic communities have a natural taste for freedom: left to themselves, they will seek it, cherish it, and view any privation of it with regret. But for equality, their passion is ardent, insatiable, incessant, invincible: they call for equality in freedom; and if they cannot obtain that, they still call for equality in slavery." - Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Volume II (1840), Book Two, Chapter I |
Thread Tools | |
Display Modes | |
|
|
Similar Threads | ||||
Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
Step 1; Starship Troopers. Step 2; Terminators | Pat Flannery | History | 1 | December 1st 07 06:22 PM |
Observing & Predicting Planetary Orbits (Easy Step-By-Step Instructions) | Sjouke Burry | Astronomy Misc | 1 | March 26th 07 07:59 PM |
Ted Taylor autobiography, CHANGES OF HEART | Eric Erpelding | Policy | 3 | November 14th 04 11:32 PM |
Ted Taylor autobiography, CHANGES OF HEART | Eric Erpelding | History | 3 | November 14th 04 11:32 PM |