Stephen Hawking's Interstellar Spaceship Proposal (And More!)

In article ,
says...

Extremely tiny amounts of antimatter have been contained for very sort time
periods. I don't see how these methods that require an entire laboratory can
be extended to a tiny craft which would require very small amounts of
antimatter, or for large craft that would require large amounts of
antimatter stored for long periods.

Agreed. And even if it could be contained, getting any useful thrust
out of it without blowing up the tiny craft would be even more
challenging tech (I'd say orders of magnitude more difficult than
containment). This is because you'd have to extract the smallest amount
of antimatter from the containment without disturbing the rest of the
antimatter in storage. Tricky, tricky, tricky...

Jeff
--
All opinions posted by me on Usenet News are mine, and mine alone.
These posts do not reflect the opinions of my family, friends,
employer, or any organization that I am a member of.

---
This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software.
https://www.avast.com/antivirus

William Mook wrote:

On Friday, May 27, 2016 at 4:07:26 AM UTC+12, Fred J. McCall wrote:
William Mook wrote:

On Thursday, May 26, 2016 at 10:45:15 AM UTC+12, Jeff Findley wrote:
In article ,
says...

Thanks for the links on self-assembly. But in regards to propulsion using
positronium, i.e., antimatter, how do you store it in a small craft? It
would have to be held within a vacuum since any contact with matter would
cause it to turn into pure energy. Moreover it would have to be held in
stasis within that vacuum, less any contact with the walls would also cause
it to turn into pure energy.

WTF Bob? Seriously? We can't even sustain fusion for power generation
on earth

We've built hydrogen bombs and we have fourth generation bombs at the present moment. We don't make this avalable for commercial use due to the knowledge being embargoed by the military and intelligence communities.


We don't make this available because they're BOMBS,

That's obvious. You're mising the point stupid. Because bombs might be made, relevant data is suppressed.


Yes, it IS obvious. To everyone but you, apparently.


you nutter.

**** you you ignorant piece of ****.


Looks like it's time for you to take another break and recover your
sanity, Mookie.


The comment was about why we don't have fusion operating today. We don't have fusion operating today because the very process of how that works is secret. If you want fusion, declassify the secret stuff. Its that simple. Bombs are a question of motivation.


Sure. And we never landed on the Moon and airliners are spraying mind
control chemicals. You're a nutter, Mookie. Own it and move on.




You've been
hanging around Mook for too long.

You've been avoiding real thought for too long.


And you're spinning off into MookLunacy again.


**** you you stupid piece of ****.


Looks like it's time for you to take another break and recover your
sanity, Mookie.



Do you need another
break?


**** you! You can go to hell you mother****er. If you don't want me writing here, just ask me not to post again, and I'll happily avoid you and your goddamned idiot bull****.


Looks like it's time for you to take another break and recover your
sanity, Mookie. Post where you like, but when you behave like a
nutter you should expect to be called one.


Non proliferation concerns cause nuclear cross sections for critical reactions not to be published or available in our best schools and libraries. Simple physical relations suppressed. Portions of what is known about nuclear reactions is kept a dark secret. People whom we don't trust who know things are murdered.

Jetter cycle fusion was discovered in 1950 by Ulrich Jetter, reduced to practice by 1954 in Project Sherwood, and those who promoted its commercialisation to produce energy too cheap to meter were either discredited silence or killed in the name of national security.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRX9iTweRNE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6y98YwJ2GEE


Nutty conspiracy theories


**** you.

Looks like it's time for you to take another break and recover your
sanity, Mookie.


on YouTube aren't evidence of anything but
the existence of nutters.

Any stinking **** out of your ****ing mouth, or your deranged mind, is evidence of nothing as well, you cock sucking sonofabitch.

Looks like it's time for you to take another break and recover your
sanity, Mookie.


--
"Ordinarily he is insane.

**** you.


Looks like it's time for you to take another break and recover your
sanity, Mookie.

But he has lucid moments when he is
only stupid."
-- Heinrich Heine

Heine was a cocksucking queer in an age where queers were reviled by the majority of humanity. He couldn't come out of the closet, and wasn't brave enough or smart enough to make a damn difference to the people of his age, so he was a sour mean spirited unfilfilled sonofabtich who knew nothing about life except to bitch about it. He's a perfect soulmate for you you goddamned excuse for a human being.


Looks like it's time for you to take another break and recover your
sanity, Mookie.


--
"Ordinarily he is insane. But he has lucid moments when he is
only stupid."
-- Heinrich Heine

I deleted this about 5 minutes after I posted it. That says a lot about your focus of attention you miserable bitch.

William Mook wrote:


I deleted this about 5 minutes after I posted it. That says a lot about your focus of attention you miserable bitch.


Most Usenet servers don't honor delete requests and haven't since
there was a spate of delete forgeries over a decade ago that were
being used as a 'weapon' to remove off topic nutter posts from various
newsgroups. They're discarded when received with no indication that
they even occurred.

The fact that you posted your vile tripe at all indicates your mental
issues with stability and impulse control. The fact that you think
there's any reason why anyone would know you'd deleted it is an
indicator of your intellectual limitations, you ignorant ****.


--
"Ignorance is preferable to error, and he is less remote from the
truth who believes nothing than he who believes what is wrong."
-- Thomas Jefferson

On 27/05/16 13:48, Jeff Findley wrote:
In article ,
says...

Extremely tiny amounts of antimatter have been contained for very sort time
periods. I don't see how these methods that require an entire laboratory can
be extended to a tiny craft which would require very small amounts of
antimatter, or for large craft that would require large amounts of
antimatter stored for long periods.

Agreed. And even if it could be contained, getting any useful thrust
out of it without blowing up the tiny craft would be even more
challenging tech (I'd say orders of magnitude more difficult than
containment). This is because you'd have to extract the smallest amount
of antimatter from the containment without disturbing the rest of the
antimatter in storage. Tricky, tricky, tricky...

Jeff

Not sure which one, but one of the Mil-SF writers keep his antimatter
electrostatically suspended in sacrificial specks of silicon, billions
of them.

It's safe enough to handle as a liquid; but when it's made hot enough
the containment fails and the silicon becomes reaction mass.

On Friday, May 27, 2016 at 2:54:53 PM UTC+12, Robert Clark wrote:
The key problem is storage.

Every positronium molecule must be tracked and stabilised by appropriate nanomachinery.

Just putting antimatter inside a crystalline
structure made of matter is not going to keep it stable.

Depends on how the quasicrystal is designed and built.

You need to keep it
stable until you want it to interact to produce the propulsion.

Correct. Nano-scale quasi-crystals provide charged channels that allow Ps molecules to travel freely in pairs, and exchange photons so their state remains stationary.


You need to think about ways of keeping antimatter stable for long periods.

Yes, one positronium pair (a positron and electron) is coupled to another positronium pair via their musual London force - and the photon that each Ps molecule emits is absorbed by the other Ps molecule to maintain their long term stability.

http://www.positron.ucr.edu/publicat...nihilation.pdf


Everyone already knows that antimatter propulsion could provide
extraordinary propulsion efficiency if it could be controlled.

Correct.

That's not
the issue. The storage is the issue.

Efficient production and storage along with retrieval and use of the 511 keV photons.

Look up some references on how
antimatter is stored and try to see how these methods could be extended to
work over long periods

I've provided one above, and others previously. Its clear that we must control the quantum state of every single particle in storage. Given the long decay times of Ps molecules, this is achievable with near term nano-scale technology. We create quasi-crystals with well defined charge patterns and channels that provide solid state control of positronium and the photons emitted by each, the same way electrons provide data storage, or amino acid processing supports life functions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbycQf1TbM0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DILF8usqp7M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5DqX9vDcOM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHIocNOHd7A

Silicene microtubles - on a scale far smaller than organic microtubles - are analogous to the living system - and can shift quantum dots along their length in controlled ways, to implement a computing platform that exceeds the capacities of today's computing platforms by several orders of magnitude. These systems can also absorb silicon dioxide and produce silicene molecules in ways that knit together to reproduce the original pattern and data of the parent cell.

or how the tiny amounts produced so far could be
stored in nanoscale structures.

Precisely. The general approach I am following in my lab includes;

(1) collecting sunlight and efficiently converting it to eight monochromatic light sources 90% efficiency
(2) use photonic crystal technology to slow light down and structuring it to produce Ps molecules,

http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1999/02.18/light.html
http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/...wn-in-a-vacuum

(3) use structured light to create positron electron pairs efficiently 90% efficiency

http://arxiv.org/pdf/1005.5682.pdf

(4) form dual Ps pair store four particles efficiently in quasicrystals 1ppmloss per year
(5) retrieve pair and generate 511 keV photon as a structured BEC photon pair 90% efficiency
(6) speed up slowed/structured light producing desired colour
(7) use photonic crystal to efficiently collimate all photons in desired direction

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.../40/9/S04/meta
http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/broadba...imation_OE.pdf

In the end, just as we today have solid state computing platforms, or living cells, that carry out a wide range of logical and energy operations reliably in the solid state, this programme will result in a class of solid state device that will;

(1) absorb sunlight or laser light and silicon and self-replicate,
(2) absorb sunlight or laser light and store it efficiently as Ps in the solid state,
(3) retrieve stored energy as needed to operate efficiently,
(4) transfer surplus Ps between self-replicating cells,
(5) accumulate surplus Ps and use it to produce propulsive effects,
(a) direct heating via conduction
(b) electrical discharge, ionic propulsion,
(c) indirect heating via radiant transfer,
(d) direct thrust through photon pressure,
(6) accumulate surplus Ps and use it to produce laser energy,
(7) accumulate surplus Ps and use it to produce industrial energy,
(a) synthetic fuels from CO2 and H2O in air,
(b) electricity
(c) heat
(d) absorption cooling

A machine cell device made of a 1 micron thick layer of silicene deposited on a wafer surface, and organised on the atomic scale by an AFM, folds up into a functional solar powered machine that's only 0.23 mm in diameter consisting of a 1 micron thick layer of silicene.

Now, the first ionisation potential of Si is 789 kJ/mol or 28 MJ/kg. For far less than amount ultra-pure silicon has been produced from concentrated sunlight directly

http://link.springer.com/article/10....-0137-0#page-1

Similar processes operating in the solid state provide a means to collect sunlight and reproduce from silicon found in dirt.

Now a spherical shell that's 230 microns in diameter and 1 micron thick contains 386.9 nanograms of silicon. That's 8.377x10^19 silicon atoms.

A sphere this size has a projected area of 4.15 billionths of a square meter. So, it collects 4.15 microwatts on a sunny day at Earth's surface. 5.68 microwatts in the sun on the moon. 2.62 watts sitting on the solar surface. Presented with a source of silicon, the cell is capable of reproducing in 260 seconds on Earth, 190 seconds on the moon, and using silicon found in the solar atmosphere, reproducing in 1/250th of a second on the Sun's surface.

In Christchurch, on average, we have 3.65 hours per day of sunlight. So, a cell here can reproduce 50.5 times. Thus, 1 cell massing 386.9 nanograms can produce 623.67 metric tons of cells in a single day forming a collecting are 67.49 sq km in total! This is sufficient to collect 9.192 grams of Ps per day.

Of course, growth during the second day is sufficient to cover the entire Earth with cells in 1.65 hours after the sun rise, starting with 67.49 sq km.. An intelligent utility fog would only collect light where humans and living systems would be affected. In all only 10% of the light falling on Earth would be converted to Ps this is 193.5 grams per day. 1.74x10^16 Watts of usable power. About 100x more power than humanity uses.

Now, to send an object at 1 gee a distance of 1 AU and have it settle on the surface of the sun requires that it have a delta vee of 2,416 km/sec in addition to the 11.2 km/sec escape velocity from Earth and 617.5 km/sec Solar escape velocity from its surface. A total delta vee capacity of 3,044.7 - so boosting from Earth's surface at 2 gees and falling off as 1/R^2 from Earth, and boosting toward the Sun at 1 gee - then rising to 29.02 gees when coming to rest at the solar surface... it will take 63.425 hours to travel from Earth's surface to the solar surface. Minimum energy is attained when propellant mass is 62.212% take off mass and the exhaust velocity is 3,044.7 km/sec. That is for each kg deposited on the solar surface 1.7183 kg of material must be ejected at 3,044.7 km/sec. That's 7.64 trillion joules per kg deposited on the solar surface.

At the end of the third day 300 grams of Ps is available to energise 3390 kg of inert material to project 1972.9 kg of self reproducing cells onto the solar surface, designed to operate there. This is sufficient to cover 55,241.33 sq km of solar surface. 38.81 kg of Ps persecond is collected - without any reproduction at all. Of course, extracting Silicon from the solar atmosphere, and reproducing once a second, reduces the Ps collection rate by less than 0.4% and permits covering the solar surface in 26 seconds after arrival. This increases output to 4,000,000,000 kg of Ps per second, and also permits the extraction of 1,000,000,000 kg per second of heavy materials from the solar atmosphere.

Detecting objects in orbit around the sun, and objects visible from the solar surface, permits an intelligent swarm operating on the solar surface, to project light to those objects without change. So, the solar surface appears precisely as it does from each of those objects despite the fact that nearly the entire output of the sun is being collected and projected away with significant amounts of heavy materials extracted from the solar surface!

Once this infrastructure is completed, and the infrastructure on Earth is completed, the terrestrial solar collector is reduced to minimal amounts, after the Earth is transformed in ways to maximise human happiness. Meanwhile, 4 million tons of Ps and 1 million tons of heavy materials, are stored in the outer solar system, every second, accumulated ready for human use.

The solar surface also becomes a vast computing array and has the ability to project several times the sun's output of energy in the form of laser beams or light or radio waves of any type direction and power. The array also operates as a sensitive detector of objects orbiting the sun, or merely coming within a light year or so.

A phased array detector or emitter that is the diameter of the Sun, has a tremendous resolution as a telescope or power beaming device.

Drones shot from the Solar surface to all major objects in the solar system, deposit self replicating machine cells on each of those bodies. These machine cells penetrate the bodies and surveil them in the process, communicating their results to the solar computing platform, and from there made available to humans throughout the solar system.

The utility fog remaining on Earth restructure mateirals on Earth to maximise human happiness. First, is the construction of a homestead for all people. At present this requires the construction of 2 billion homes each 465 sq meters (5,000 sq ft) in area,

http://www.theplancollection.com/squ...00-house-plans

to house 7.8 billions, made from nano-structured silicene extracted from the soil of Earth. This is completed before the first Earth to Sol drone has arrived on the Solar surface.

Spread across the 4.88 billion hectares of land currently used by humanity, this is 2.44 hectares per home (6.02 acre) A square 512.5 ft or 156.3 m on a side. A hexagon with 318 ft (97 m) edges has the same area.

Food is supplied by machinery built into each home. A wide range of algae are grown under artificial light powered by Ps collected by machine cells and transported to the home. Algae is processed into nutrients for cell cultures that contain 3,000 varieties of plants and animals, seasonings and drugs that are consumed routinely by humanity. These cells are automatically harvested and assembled into cooked food items on demand by 3D food printers that make use of the utility swarm technology.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEez9lNh8Uw

All homes are interconnected via hexagonal close packed array with subsurface tunnels that provide high speed transport through vacuum tubes on demand via personal rapid transit.

Using this technology,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9y_XMwAOfJ0

Delivered in personal rapid transit vehicles,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vrxyr1CjiSM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1tfOeChenQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tJfqMYHaQw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI_HFnNTfyU

Which are capable of flight when the roads or tunnels end

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpSJh1EqeUQ

That transition easily to ballistic transport and spacecraft on demand.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33_-teBjZ4w

2 gees is the force you feel when an aircraft pitches up during take off. So, this is a good acceleration to design around - when moving around the Earth.

At 2 gee acceleration (1 gee 'up' and 1.723 gee horizontal) it takes 1,837.2 km to accelerate to orbital velocity. Of course the 1 gee 'up' is reduced to maintain the desired altitude as we accelerate around the curve of the Earth.

As the speed continues to climb, acceleration is applied 'down' to maintain altitude, if we wish to land at a spot on Earth.

At escape velocity, the acceleration down is 1 gee again, by orienting the spacecraft appropriately we only feel 1 gee toward the floor at all times. This situation occurs in 3,677 km. At 13.68 km/sec radial acceleration is 2 gees and this occurs at 5,515 km distance from the starting point. Of course we invert the acceleration to slow the spacecraft down, so we take the same distance to stop as to start.

To travel to the opposite side of the world in this way requires 13.3 minutes acceleration, 11.0 minutes of cruise (at 2 gee) and 13.3 minutes of acceleration to slow. A total of 37.7 minutes.

For distances less than 11,030 km - the following formula applies;

The time (in minutes) is 0.127884 * sqrt(D) where D is distance in km.

distance minutes

00001 0.2558
00002 0.3617
00005 0.5719
00010 0.8088
00020 1.1438
00050 1.8086
00100 2.5577
00200 3.6171
00500 5.7192
01000 8.0881
02000 11.4383
05000 18.0855
10000 25.5768
20000 37.7768

Placing the homes at the centers in a hexagonal close packed arrays forming paths that are great circle routes separated by 194 meters - forming evacuated channels beneath the Earth - that the maglev vehicles attach to - and travel at different depths at different speeds.

At various points the evacuated chamber supported by moving masses moving far faster than escape speed, operating inside the walls of the chamber, allow vehicles to climb to orbit and beyond, without disturbing the air at all.. This is Robert Forward's famous 'space fountain'

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_fountain

Of which a hyperloop is a version of this.

The self-replicating solar machines that make positronium, are capable of producing a network of great circles each separated by 194 meters - producing 6.08 billion points separated by 194 meters in a hexagonal close packed array - above which 2.00 billion points are built homes which are given to 2 billion families housing 7.8 billions people.

Personal maglev vehicles, that operate at verious ranges in vacuo underground, are ideally suited to be projected into space, there to meet up with larger spacecraft.

Travel to the moon, occurs at 1 gee contant from Earth to Moon, traverses the distance in 3.5 hours. On the moon in less than 30 minutes, you slow to any point on the surface, via channels cut beneath the lunar surface as on Earth, excepting the lunar surface doesn't need vacuum chambers.

Just as aircraft these days are met mid flight with tanker craft to refuel them, these personal spacecraft are met with drones that allow passengers to relax in comfort during their trip, get out stretch their legs, enjoy the view, a snack, a shower, a shave, whatever they like. The support module seamlessly integrates with the personal spacecraft - and separates near the end of the journey.

For longer journeys, hotel room sized attachments provide for longer stays.

Mars at present (Sat 28 May 2016) Mars is 0.5038 AU (7.537x10^10 meters) from Earth. A vehicle boosted at 1 gee over this distance, to arrive at Mars surface without moving must take 48.7 hours. The ship must execute a delta vee of 1719.44 km/sec. (0.573% light speed).

u = 1 - exp( atanh( 0.00573 ) ) = 0.0057137 of the vehicle's weight in the form of Ps.

Collapsed utility fog components are accelerated at up to 1,000 gees to meet up with inhabited ships, which then match their speed and position, and expand to form shells around them to create large travelling habitats, similar to a yacht. Groups of people can depart at the same time in separate personal transit vehicles, and join up in space, during the trip.

Mars and the Moon are converted to human habitation. Even at 1 billion tons per second it would take 28,486 years to extract the mass of Ceres from the Sun. Obviously it makes far more sense to use the vast energy reserves of the Sun to reshape smaller bodies of the solar system, near term.

Name.............. Mass(×10^18 kg) prop’n all asteroids

1 Ceres........... 939.30 31%
4 Vesta........... 259.076 8.6%
2 Pallas........... 201.00 6.7%
10 Hygiea........ 86.70 2.9%
31 Euphrosyne 58.10 1.9%
704 Interamnia 38.80 1.3%
511 Davida...... 37.70 1.3%
532 Herculina.. 33.00 1.1%
15 Eunomia...... 31.80 1.1%
3 Juno............. 28.60 0.95%
16 Psyche....... 22.70 0.76%
52 Europa....... 22.70 0.76%
88 Thisbe....... 18.30 0.61%
7 Iris............... 16.20 0.54%
13 Egeria......... 16.00 0.53%
423 Diotima.... 16.00 0.53%
29 Amphitrite... 15.20 0.51%
87 Sylvia.......... 14.78 0.49%
48 Doris........... 12.00 0.4%

These 18 asteroids 1867.956x10^18 kg which constitute 61.98% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. At 10 tons per square meter for a Bishop Ring colony, this is sufficient to make colonies that total 3.2 million Earths! (including the oceans).

Starting with 1 kg of self replicating machines across these 18 asteroids (divided 55.5 grams each asteroid on average proporational to the starting mass) will take 72 minutes to build tens of millions of Bishop rings.

These open air space habitats provide ideal living conditions for all - allowing each person to live a very high living standard - each with 1000 acre estates, supported by hundreds of super human AI dedicated to the needs of each person.

http://www.iase.cc/openair.htm








Bob Clark


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finally, nanotechnology can now fulfill its potential to revolutionize
21st-century technology, from the space elevator, to private, orbital
launchers, to 'flying cars'.
This crowdfunding campaign is to prove it:

Nanotech: from air to space.
https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/n...ce/x/13319568/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"William Mook" wrote in message
...

On Thursday, May 26, 2016 at 2:22:35 AM UTC+12, Robert Clark wrote:
Thanks for the links on self-assembly. But in regards to propulsion using
positronium, i.e., antimatter, how do you store it in a small craft?

In a sparse 'smart' crystalline structure.

https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=...ge &q&f=false


It
would have to be held within a vacuum since any contact with matter would
cause it to turn into pure energy.

And the conversion takes place if they touch each other, and given their
nature, they tend to spin into one another in a few microseconds.

So, the photons that are radiated away must pass through the photonic
crystal in such a way as to be exchanged with another Positronium pair, to
kick their energy higher.

Its easy to see that two Ps molecules consisting of 4 parts is stable whilst
lone Ps pair is not. This spin coupling along with fine structure and
hyperfine structure within the Ps molecule gives the basic control logic of
a Ps management system. Mapping that logic into the nanostructure of a
quasi crystal is how you build a reliable solid state anti-matter
containment facility.

Remember, the space between atoms inside a crystal is a vacuum and operating
between the atoms of the crystal using the forces exerted by the crystalline
lattice gives absolute assurance of reliable operation in the solid state,
as easily and as sure as we control the flow of electrons today through
crystalline lattices on computer chips.

Moreover it would have to be held in
stasis within that vacuum, less any contact with the walls would also
cause
it to turn into pure energy.

Correct, and any macroscopic system of control is doomed to failure for that
reason. So, it is by careful control of energy states of each Ps pair
within a crystalline lattice that is well defined down to the molecular
level that Ps can be held and controlled in the solid state reliably without
direct contact.

What is the density?

The size of a Ps molecule at its lowest energy state is 60 pm.

http://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~phys19...Harpen2004.pdf

http://www.jetp.ac.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_083_01_0028.pdf

A Positronium molecule masses 18.2 x 10^(-31) kg. A cubic meter of iron
masses 8,000 kg. So,

N = 8,000 / (18.2 x 10^(-31) ) = 4.3296 x 10^(33) Ps molecules

are needed to match the density of iron.

The cube root of this figure is 163.81 billion per meter. A separation of
61.02 pm. This is 11.24% of the spacing between Silicon atoms in a
crystalline lattice (542.07 pm)

pm=picometers = 10^(-12) = 1 trillionths of a meter.

Sparse quasi crystals the density of aerogels - less than 800 grams per
cubic meter

http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/1...blade-of-grass

Is 10,000 lighter than the Ps it controls. A 10,000 to 1 mass ratio permits
a photon rocket

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19065173

to achieve a velocity of;

Vf/c = tanh( ln( 10000 ) ) = 0.99999998 c = 99.999998% light speed.

to achieve a velocity of and slow down from;

Vf/c = tanh( ln( 100 ) ) = 0.999800019998 ~ 99.98% light speed

to achieve a velocity of and slow down twice from;

Vf/c = tanh( ln( 10 ) ) = 0.98019801980198 ~ 98.02% light speed.

Time dilation is 5000 to 1 in the first instance, 50.005 to 1 in the second
instance, and 5.05 to 1 in the last instance.

The Stanford Torus weighs about 10 million tons mass.

Total mass: 10 million tons (including radiation shield (95%), habitat, and
atmosphere)
Diameter: 1,790 m (1.11 mi)
Habitation tube diameter: 130 m (430 ft)
Spokes: 6 spokes of 15 m (49 ft) diameter
Rotation: 1 revolution per minute
Radiation shield: 1.7 meters (5.6 feet) thick raw lunar soil

Replacing the lunar soil with tungsten iron polymer sheild - cuts the weight
by half, and replacing the windows and mirror system with a sunlamp, and
replacing the solar power setup with Ps power. We have 5,000,000 tons of
hardware and 10,000 permanent residents. The habitation tube rolls through
90 degrees allowing the people to stand upright during full boost, or stand
against the outer wall when at zero boost.

Starting with 100 to one and having a two boost system at 10 to 1. We have

Payload 5,000,000 tons
Braking Ps 45,000,000 tons
Acceleration Ps 450,000,000 tons.

Ps mass = 495,000,000 tons.
Density = 8 tons/m3
Total volume = 61,875,000 cubic meters
A sphere 491 meters in diameter inside the torus.

To fill up this tank requires that all the energy from the sun except that
energy falling on or directed toward all visible objects from the solar
surface be converted to Ps for 125 seconds. This captures essentially all
the energy from the sun, without interrupting any of the energy falling on
any object visible from the solar surface.

The heavier elements in the solar wind are captured for this period of time
which provides the payload as well. The film disintegrates and forms a
plume that self assembles into a finished fuelly fueled vehicle. Transport
ships are deployed to pick up passengers on Earth.

To produce 500 million tons of force as thrust with photons requires the
production of 1.471x10^21 Watts of power. This is 3.884x10^15 Watts/m2 flux
across the base of the 491 meter sphere.

Total power output is 3.83 ppm of the sun, whilst the temperature of the
exhaust is 88.53x hotter! (511,615 K).

At the end of the first boost, and the start of the second power level has
dropped to 1.471x10^20 Watts of power, and flux to 3.844x10^14 Watts/m2.
Total power is now 0.383 ppm of the sun, whilst temperature is 49.78x hotter
(287,254K).

At the end of the journey power level drops to 1.4710^19 Watts of power,
flux to 3.884x10^13 Watts/m2. Total power is 38.3 ppb of the sun, whilst
temperature is 28.00x hotter (161,535K)

The sunlamp inside the habitation ring averages 182.76 MW to reproduce earth
normal conditions throughout the day, with a peak output of 731.00 MW and 0
for 12 hours excepting reproducing the night sky.

Another 50 MW is required for life support of 10,000 people. Add another
219 MW for temperature control, and we have 1,000 MW of power. 31.56 x
10^15 Joules per year. Equivalent to 350.8 grams Ps per year! 1 ton of Ps
runs the station for nearly 3000 years!

At one gee it takes 4 light years to accelerate to 98% light speed. It
takes 4.37 years star time and 2.25 years ship time. So, any star within 8
light years of Sol, requires constant 1 gee acceleration. At 98% light
speed you're travelling 5 light years for each year on board.

So, anything farther than 8 light years requires 4.5 years ship time of
boost at each end, and

( D(ly) - 8 ) / 5 = years coast time.

Total time = boost time + coast time.

So, a star 100 light years away requires

4.5 years + 92/5 = 4.5 + 18.4 = 22.9 years ship time

to reach.

Once the target star is reached, the same technology that made the starship
and fuelled it in the first place is deployed at the target star. The
output of that star is tapped, and used to refuel and refurbish the
starship. Drones and planetary cruisers, are deployed across the target
star system to map and survey the local system. This information is
dispatched back to Earth in a drone. Over an 83 year period, the population
triples from 10,000 to 30,000 - three stations are built. One for those who
wish to stay. One for those who wish to move on. One for those who wish to
return to Earth.

The process is repeated.

In this way, we traverse 100 light years every 200 years. We traverse the
galaxy in 250,000 years.

So, this is old-school. New-school focuses on replicating natural life with
synthetic life, and powering each cell with Ps - and dispatching multiple
copies of individuals wherever they like to be - then reassembling them. As
I've described previously.

I prefer old-school for now.








Bob Clark

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finally, nanotechnology can now fulfill its potential to revolutionize
21st-century technology, from the space elevator, to private, orbital
launchers, to 'flying cars'.
This crowdfunding campaign is to prove it:

Nanotech: from air to space.
https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/n...ce/x/13319568/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"William Mook" wrote in message
...

On Monday, April 18, 2016 at 1:40:20 AM UTC+12, Robert Clark wrote:
I've been thinking of ways we can get such nanocraft to link up through
self-assembly and form larger structures that can do more detailed
observations and experiments. This could work even for visits to far off
destinations still in the Solar System such as Kuiper belt objects like
Pluto or the Oort cloud.

The main problem is getting the many objects flying independently and
getting further apart the further out they go to gradually be drawn to
each
other and link up. Once they link up, I don't it would be to difficult
to
then get them to do self-assembly.

But it's that drawing together step that is the sticking point.

Bob Clark



----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finally, nanotechnology can now fulfill its potential to revolutionize
21st-century technology, from the space elevator, to private, orbital
launchers, to 'flying cars'.
This crowdfunding campaign is to prove it:

Nanotech: from air to space.
https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/n...ce/x/13319568/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Rick Jones" wrote in message ...

wrote:
See:

http://gizmodo.com/a-russian-billion...ild-1770467186

Indeed, the hurdles range from how to create the laser array
capable of accelerating a small payload off Earth to how to
transmit data back to us over interstellar distances. These will
be huge accomplishments, with reverberations throughout many
fields of science and technology.

I was wondering how they were going to get comms back from such a
small package. I guess the answer is they haven't exactly figured
that out yet.

rick jones
--


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1t4M2XnIhI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4q0_0dKiKg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_6p-1J551Y

http://video.mit.edu/watch/small-cub...ssemble-25913/

http://www.ganino.com/games/Science/...64/3076162.pdf

http://video.mit.edu/watch/small-cub...ssemble-25913/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5F_SRwrCF6Q

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tVR4IzE30s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRdcZSuCpNo


A self replicating machine cell that extracts silicon from Earth's
surface,
and makes positronium (Ps) molecules from sunlight, and stores it within
itself efficiently and efficiently retrieves it. The system self
replicates
every 23.7 seconds. It covers 1.57 sq km of surface in two hours. Two
hours after that it sends a square millimeter of machine cells to the sun,
accelerating at 1000 gees. This requires 0.2865 propellant fraction of Ps
to achieve 38,289 km/sec top speed, and slow to zero speed on the solar
surface, using photonic thrust, reaching the surface 2.16915 hours after
launch. It takes 47 minutes after arrival, to encase the Sun, and
capture
4 million tons per second of Ps, and 10,000 tons per second of any
material
desired, whilst maintaining normal solar image to any body visible or
detectable from the solar surface. Virtually unlimited computing power is
available. We are a Kardashev class II civilization.

There are two ways to fly to the stars.

(1) As a body;
(a) enter stasis,
(b) inhabit a portable biosphere,
(c) encase that biosphere in tungsten, plastic, iron, sheild meters
thick,
(d) encase that shield in a photonic crystal dozens of meters
thick,
(e) risk the loss of vehicle during transit.
(f) limited to 310 million persons per year using solar output
(g) 30 years to depopulate Earth.

(2) As a virtual pattern;
(a) machine cells enter your body,
(b) machine cells record quantum state as body is dissolved,
(c) multiple copies of your quantum state dispatched to stars at
1000 gee
(d) arrival and replication assured at chosen destinations
(e) backup copies stored until experiences retrieved
(f) multiple copies sent to multiple destinations simultaneously.
(g) quantum state retrieved from multiple destinations,
(h) back up personality updated with experiences
(i) home personality integrates experiences, plans others
(j) repeat exploration cycle at (b)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTMS9y8OVuY

---

---
This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software.
https://www.avast.com/antivirus

On Saturday, May 28, 2016 at 1:55:01 PM UTC+12, Fred J. McCall wrote:
William Mook wrote:


I deleted this about 5 minutes after I posted it. That says a lot about your focus of attention you miserable bitch.


Most Usenet servers don't honor delete requests and haven't since
there was a spate of delete forgeries over a decade ago that were
being used as a 'weapon' to remove off topic nutter posts from various
newsgroups. They're discarded when received with no indication that
they even occurred.

The fact that you posted your vile tripe at all indicates your mental
issues with stability and impulse control. The fact that you think
there's any reason why anyone would know you'd deleted it is an
indicator of your intellectual limitations, you ignorant ****.


--
"Ignorance is preferable to error, and he is less remote from the
truth who believes nothing than he who believes what is wrong."
-- Thomas Jefferson

I deleted it - you wanted to keep it on the record. You had to act within minutes or you couldn't have done that. That tells us a lot about your focus of attention your intent and the intensity with which you pursue it.

On Saturday, May 28, 2016 at 1:55:01 PM UTC+12, Fred J. McCall wrote:
William Mook wrote:


I deleted this about 5 minutes after I posted it. That says a lot about your focus of attention you miserable bitch.


Most Usenet servers don't honor delete requests and haven't since
there was a spate of delete forgeries over a decade ago that were
being used as a 'weapon' to remove off topic nutter posts from various
newsgroups. They're discarded when received with no indication that
they even occurred.

The fact that you posted your vile tripe at all indicates your mental
issues with stability and impulse control. The fact that you think
there's any reason why anyone would know you'd deleted it is an
indicator of your intellectual limitations, you ignorant ****.


--
"Ignorance is preferable to error, and he is less remote from the
truth who believes nothing than he who believes what is wrong."
-- Thomas Jefferson

Calling you a miserable sonofabitch and telling you to **** off after calling me a nutter is an indicator of mental health. You trolling and preserving and amplifying such behaviour - and judging it as you do - enve though initiated by your own vile behaviour - says a lot more about your mental health than anything else.

William Mook wrote:

On Saturday, May 28, 2016 at 1:55:01 PM UTC+12, Fred J. McCall wrote:
William Mook wrote:


I deleted this about 5 minutes after I posted it. That says a lot about your focus of attention you miserable bitch.


Most Usenet servers don't honor delete requests and haven't since
there was a spate of delete forgeries over a decade ago that were
being used as a 'weapon' to remove off topic nutter posts from various
newsgroups. They're discarded when received with no indication that
they even occurred.

The fact that you posted your vile tripe at all indicates your mental
issues with stability and impulse control. The fact that you think
there's any reason why anyone would know you'd deleted it is an
indicator of your intellectual limitations, you ignorant ****.


I deleted it - you wanted to keep it on the record. You had to act within minutes or you couldn't have done that. That tells us a lot about your focus of attention your intent and the intensity with which you pursue it.


You're insane AND stupidly ignorant. We've had this conversation
before and I've tried to explain to you how Usenet NEWS works, but you
obviously don't get it. Let me see if I can explain how Usenet NEWS
works to you with a hypothetical timeline, so that even a simpleton
like you gets it.

T+0 - Mookie composes and send his vile spew in a demonstration of his
mental instability and control issues and posts to Goggle Gropes.

T+1 - Goggle Gropes propagates the message to other Usenet servers,
since sci.space.policy is a Usenet NEWS group. Message is propagated
by those servers to other servers, etc. Your vile spew is 'on the
record' and no one needed to do anything to make that happen.

T+5 - Mookie has second thoughts and deletes his vile spew from Goggle
Gropes. Goggle Gropes deletes it from their local server. It may or
may not issue a 'Cancel' control message to the Usenet servers it
propagated the message to (I haven't bothered to check). If they do,
those servers may or may not honor the 'Cancel' message (most won't)
and may or may not propagate the 'Cancel' control message to other
servers (most probably will, if the Goggle Gropes server actually sent
one out). Cancel is propagated but probably not honored.

T+5+N for any N smaller than the server's retention that Fred uses -
Fred connects to the server he uses via NNTP. Mookie's vile spew is
there because Mookie's 'Cancel' request was ignored by the server. No
indication that Mookie deleted it on the local Goggle Gropes server
exists Fred responds to Mookie's vile spew.

Some Time Later - Mookie flips out and displays his absolute ignorance
about how Usenet NEWS works.

Do you get it now, you havering loon? I didn't have to "act within
minutes" because your vile spew was already recorded for posterity on
almost every Usenet server on the planet. The fact that you believe
what you say is a firm indication of both your ignorance and your
paranoia.


--
"Ordinarily he is insane. But he has lucid moments when he is
only stupid."
-- Heinrich Heine

William Mook wrote:


On Saturday, May 28, 2016 at 1:55:01 PM UTC+12, Fred J. McCall wrote:
William Mook wrote:


I deleted this about 5 minutes after I posted it. That says a lot about your focus of attention you miserable bitch.


Most Usenet servers don't honor delete requests and haven't since
there was a spate of delete forgeries over a decade ago that were
being used as a 'weapon' to remove off topic nutter posts from various
newsgroups. They're discarded when received with no indication that
they even occurred.

The fact that you posted your vile tripe at all indicates your mental
issues with stability and impulse control. The fact that you think
there's any reason why anyone would know you'd deleted it is an
indicator of your intellectual limitations, you ignorant ****.


Calling you a miserable sonofabitch and telling you to **** off after calling me a nutter is an indicator of mental health. You trolling and preserving and amplifying such behaviour - and judging it as you do - enve though initiated by your own vile behaviour - says a lot more about your mental health than anything else.


Mook, take a break and get some help. You're obviously losing it
again.


--
"Ordinarily he is insane. But he has lucid moments when he is
only stupid."
-- Heinrich Heine