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KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS IN SPECIAL RELATIVITY
http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/5243...ity_Frisch.pdf
Principle or constructive relativity Mathias Frisch, University of Maryland pp. 3-4: "Brown, as Janssen and others read him, appears to believe that only an account of the particular forces pushing and pulling the microscopic constituents of a rod can explain length contraction; Janssen by contrast, maintains that the structure of Minkowski spacetime explains the phenomenon and that explanatory advantage of Einstein's theory over Lorentz's consists precisely in the fact that the special theory of relativity teaches us that certain phenomena are independent on the detailed assumptions about the dynamics governing a particular system. Brown argues that the behavior of rods and clocks ultimately calls for a dynamical explanation; while Janssen argues that the explanation is kinematic." Of course Harvey Brown is right and Michel Janssen wrong but special relativity is doomed anyway: the prediction that arbitrarily long rods can be trapped inside arbitrarily short containers can have neither a dynamical nor a kinematic explanation: http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physic...barn_pole.html "These are the props. You own a barn, 40m long, with automatic doors at either end, that can be opened and closed simultaneously by a switch. You also have a pole, 80m long, which of course won't fit in the barn. Now someone takes the pole and tries to run (at nearly the speed of light) through the barn with the pole horizontal. Special Relativity (SR) says that a moving object is contracted in the direction of motion: this is called the Lorentz Contraction. So, if the pole is set in motion lengthwise, then it will contract in the reference frame of a stationary observer.....So, as the pole passes through the barn, there is an instant when it is completely within the barn. At that instant, you close both doors simultaneously, with your switch. Of course, you open them again pretty quickly, but at least momentarily you had the contracted pole shut up in your barn. The runner emerges from the far door unscathed.....If the doors are kept shut the rod will obviously smash into the barn door at one end. If the door withstands this the leading end of the rod will come to rest in the frame of reference of the stationary observer. There can be no such thing as a rigid rod in relativity so the trailing end will not stop immediately and the rod will be compressed beyond the amount it was Lorentz contracted. If it does not explode under the strain and it is sufficiently elastic it will come to rest and start to spring back to its natural shape but since it is too big for the barn the other end is now going to crash into the back door and the rod will be trapped IN A COMPRESSED STATE inside the barn." http://www.quebecscience.qc.ca/Revolutions Stéphane Durand: "Pour mieux comprendre le phénomène de ralentissement du temps, il est préférable d'aborder un autre phénomène tout aussi paradoxal: la contraction des longueurs. Car la vitesse affecte non seulement l'écoulement du temps, mais aussi la longueur des objets. Ainsi, une fusée en mouvement apparaît plus courte que lorsqu'elle est au repos. Là aussi, plus la vitesse est grande, plus la contraction est importante. Et, comme pour le temps, les effets ne deviennent considérables qu'à des vitesses proches de celle de la lumière. Dans la vie de tous les jours, cette contraction est imperceptible. Cependant, si une fusée de 100 m passait devant nous à une vitesse proche de celle de la lumière, elle pourrait sembler ne mesurer que 50 m, ou même moins. Bien sûr, la question qui vient tout de suite à l'esprit est: «Cette contraction n'est-elle qu'une illusion?» Il semble tout à fait incroyable que le simple mouvement puisse comprimer un objet aussi rigide qu'une fusée. Et pourtant, la contraction est réelle... mais SANS COMPRESSION physique de l'objet! Ainsi, une fusée de 100 m passant à toute vitesse dans un tunnel de 60 m pourrait être entièrement contenue dans ce tunnel pendant une fraction de seconde, durant laquelle il serait possible de fermer des portes aux deux bouts! La fusée est donc réellement plus courte. Pourtant, il n'y a PAS DE COMPRESSION matérielle ou physique de l'engin." Pentcho Valev |
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KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS IN SPECIAL RELATIVITY
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu.../bugrivet.html
"The bug-rivet paradox is a variation on the twin paradox and is similar to the pole-barn paradox.....The end of the rivet hits the bottom of the hole before the head of the rivet hits the wall. So it looks like the bug is squashed.....All this is nonsense from the bug's point of view. The rivet head hits the wall when the rivet end is just 0.35 cm down in the hole! The rivet doesn't get close to the bug....The paradox is not resolved." The bug-rivet "paradox" (more precisely, the bug-rivet ABSURDITY, one of the idiotic consequences of Einstein's 1905 false constent-speed-of- light postulate) initially acts like the face of Medusa the Gorgon - on seeing it, Einsteinians get petrified for a while. Then they somehow recover themselves but enter a phase of irrepressible bubbling: http://groups.google.com/group/sci.p...c7f644c331d846 Tom Roberts: "OK. That is a rather bad gedanken, because a) it assumes seriously impossible properties of the rivet, and b) there is no inertial frame in which the rivet REMAINS at rest. I have no desire to discuss it because it is so bad. That's probably why I had forgotten it. If you want to discuss the pole-barn paradox... (...) My point is: some things are reasonable to assume in a gedanken, and some are not. It is reasonable to assume that doors can open and close arbitrarily quickly, because they need not really be physical doors. But it is not reasonable to assume a rivet is prefectly rigid, because that is inconsistent with SR (the speed of sound cannot exceed the speed of light, which makes a perfectly rigid object impossible). And it is not reasonable in a gedanken to expect the student to wrestle with accelerating frames (such as that of the rigid rivet after its head stops by hitting the wall). Of course in the bug-and-rivet gedanken, if one does not assume infinitely-rigid rivet and wall, the bug is always crushed as the rivet and wall disintegrate upon impact. A 10- gram rivet traveling at 0.9 c would have a kinetic energy comparable to that of a small atomic bomb." Pentcho Valev |
#3
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KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS IN SPECIAL RELATIVITY
The following quotation in fact proves that the speed of light is
variable (varies with the speed of the emitter) IF LENGTH CONTRACTION IS ABSURD: http://www.amazon.com/Relativity-Its.../dp/0486406768 "Relativity and Its Roots" By Banesh Hoffmann "Moreover, if light consists of particles, as Einstein had suggested in his paper submitted just thirteen weeks before this one, the second principle seems absurd: A stone thrown from a speeding train can do far more damage than one thrown from a train at rest; the speed of the particle is not independent of the motion of the object emitting it. And if we take light to consist of particles and assume that these particles obey Newton's laws, they will conform to Newtonian relativity and thus automatically account for the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment without recourse to contracting lengths, local time, or Lorentz transformations. Yet, as we have seen, Einstein resisted the temptation to account for the null result in terms of particles of light and simple, familiar Newtonian ideas, and introduced as his second postulate something that was more or less obvious when thought of in terms of waves in an ether." So the crucial question is: IS LENGTH CONTRACTION ABSURD? The following examples prove it is: http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physic...barn_pole.html "These are the props. You own a barn, 40m long, with automatic doors at either end, that can be opened and closed simultaneously by a switch. You also have a pole, 80m long, which of course won't fit in the barn. Now someone takes the pole and tries to run (at nearly the speed of light) through the barn with the pole horizontal. Special Relativity (SR) says that a moving object is contracted in the direction of motion: this is called the Lorentz Contraction. So, if the pole is set in motion lengthwise, then it will contract in the reference frame of a stationary observer.....So, as the pole passes through the barn, there is an instant when it is completely within the barn. At that instant, you close both doors simultaneously, with your switch. Of course, you open them again pretty quickly, but at least momentarily you had the contracted pole shut up in your barn. The runner emerges from the far door unscathed.....If the doors are kept shut the rod will obviously smash into the barn door at one end. If the door withstands this the leading end of the rod will come to rest in the frame of reference of the stationary observer. There can be no such thing as a rigid rod in relativity so the trailing end will not stop immediately and the rod will be compressed beyond the amount it was Lorentz contracted. If it does not explode under the strain and it is sufficiently elastic it will come to rest and start to spring back to its natural shape but since it is too big for the barn the other end is now going to crash into the back door and the rod will be trapped IN A COMPRESSED STATE inside the barn." http://www.quebecscience.qc.ca/Revolutions Stéphane Durand: "Pour mieux comprendre le phénomène de ralentissement du temps, il est préférable d'aborder un autre phénomène tout aussi paradoxal: la contraction des longueurs. Car la vitesse affecte non seulement l'écoulement du temps, mais aussi la longueur des objets. Ainsi, une fusée en mouvement apparaît plus courte que lorsqu'elle est au repos. Là aussi, plus la vitesse est grande, plus la contraction est importante. Et, comme pour le temps, les effets ne deviennent considérables qu'à des vitesses proches de celle de la lumière. Dans la vie de tous les jours, cette contraction est imperceptible. Cependant, si une fusée de 100 m passait devant nous à une vitesse proche de celle de la lumière, elle pourrait sembler ne mesurer que 50 m, ou même moins. Bien sûr, la question qui vient tout de suite à l'esprit est: «Cette contraction n'est-elle qu'une illusion?» Il semble tout à fait incroyable que le simple mouvement puisse comprimer un objet aussi rigide qu'une fusée. Et pourtant, la contraction est réelle... mais SANS COMPRESSION physique de l'objet! Ainsi, une fusée de 100 m passant à toute vitesse dans un tunnel de 60 m pourrait être entièrement contenue dans ce tunnel pendant une fraction de seconde, durant laquelle il serait possible de fermer des portes aux deux bouts! La fusée est donc réellement plus courte. Pourtant, il n'y a PAS DE COMPRESSION matérielle ou physique de l'engin." http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu.../bugrivet.html "The bug-rivet paradox is a variation on the twin paradox and is similar to the pole-barn paradox.....The end of the rivet hits the bottom of the hole before the head of the rivet hits the wall. So it looks like the bug is squashed.....All this is nonsense from the bug's point of view. The rivet head hits the wall when the rivet end is just 0.35 cm down in the hole! The rivet doesn't get close to the bug....The paradox is not resolved." Pentcho Valev |
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KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS IN SPECIAL RELATIVITY
Albert Einstein and John Norton explain the twin paradox:
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dialog...f_rela tivity Dialog about Objections against the Theory of Relativity (1918), by Albert Einstein "...according to the special theory of relativity the coordinate systems K and K' are by no means equivalent systems. Indeed this theory asserts only the equivalence of all Galilean (unaccelerated) coordinate systems, that is, coordinate systems relative to which sufficiently isolated, material points move in straight lines and uniformly. K is such a coordinate system, but not the system K', that is accelerated from time to time. Therefore, from the result that after the motion to and fro the clock U2 is running behind U1, no contradiction can be constructed against the principles of the theory. (...) During the partial processes 2 and 4 the clock U1, going at a velocity v, runs indeed at a slower pace than the resting clock U2. However, this is more than compensated by a faster pace of U1 during partial process 3. According to the general theory of relativity, a clock will go faster the higher the gravitational potential of the location where it is located, and during partial process 3 U2 happens to be located at a higher gravitational potential than U1. The calculation shows that this speeding ahead constitutes exactly twice as much as the lagging behind during the partial processes 2 and 4. This consideration completely clears up the paradox that you brought up." http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teachi...yon/index.html John Norton: "Now consider the judgments of simultaneity of the traveling twin, as shown in the spacetime diagram opposite. Since the traveling twin is moving very rapidly, the traveler's hypersurfaces of simultaneity are quite tilted. Two hypersurfaces of simultaneity are shown in the lower part of the diagram for the outward part of the traveler's journey. These are the hypersurfaces that pass through the event at which the clock reads 1 day and just before the turn-around at the traveler's clock time of 2 days. We read from these hypersurfaces that the traveling twin judges the stay-at-home twin's clock to be running at half the speed of the travelers. When the traveler's clock reads 1 day, the stay-at-home twin's reads 1/2 day; just before the turn around, when the traveler's clock is almost at 2 days, the stay-at-home twin's clock is almost at 1 day. Then, at the end of the outward leg, the traveler abruptly changes motion, accelerating sharply to adopt a new inertial motion directed back to earth. What comes now is the key part of the analysis. The effect of the change of motion is to alter completely the traveler's judgment of simultaneity. The traveler's hypersurfaces of simultaneity now flip up dramatically. Moments after the turn-around, when the travelers clock reads just after 2 days, the traveler will judge the stay-at-home twin's clock to read just after 7 days. That is, the traveler will judge the stay-at-home twin's clock to have jumped suddenly from reading 1 day to reading 7 days. This huge jump puts the stay-at-home twin's clock so far ahead of the traveler's that it is now possible for the stay-at-home twin's clock to be ahead of the travelers when they reunite." Note the statement: "the traveler will judge the stay-at-home twin's clock to have jumped suddenly from reading 1 day to reading 7 days" Is this sane? If yes, does it have a dynamical explanation? A kinematic explanation? What if nobody cares? Could science be more dead? Pentcho Valev |
#6
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KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS IN SPECIAL RELATIVITY
http://www.parabola.unsw.edu.au/vol3...ol35_no1_2.pdf
Parabola Volume 35, Issue 1 (1999) LENGTH AND RELATIVITY by John Steele "The Pole in the Barn Paradox. Now we know about length contraction, we can invent some amusing uses of it. Suppose you want to fit a 20m pole into a 10m barn. If the pole were moving fast enough, then length contraction means it would be short enough. (...) Now comes the paradox. According to your friend who is going to slam the barn doors shut just as the end of the pole goes in, the pole is 10m long, and therefore it fits. However as far as you are concerned, the pole is still 20m long but the barn is now only 5m long: length contraction must work both ways by the first postulate. How can you fit this 20m pole into a 5m barn? This paradox is apparently due to Wolfgang Rindler of the University of Texas at Dallas. Of course the key to this is relativity of simultaneity. Your friend sees the front end of the pole hit the back wall of the barn at the same time as the doors are closed, but you (and the pole) do not see things this way. You are standing still and see a 5m long barn coming towards you at some shockingly high speed. When the back of the barn hits the front of the pole (and takes the front of the pole with it), the back end of the pole must still be at rest. It cannot 'know' about the crash at the front, because the shock wave travelling along the pole telling it about the crash travels at some finite speed. The front of the barn has only 15m to go to get to the back of the pole, but the shock wave has to travel the whole length of the pole, namely 20m. The speed of the barn is such that even if this shock wave travelled at the speed of light, it would not get to the back of the pole before the front of the barn did. Hence in both frames of reference, the pole fits inside the barn (and will presumably shatter when the doors are closed)." A dynamical explanation? The kinematic explanation is quite straightforward: http://www.ias.umn.edu/pdf/TimeandRe...ty-Janssen.pdf Michel Janssen: "Does Minkowski space-time, thus understood, explain length contraction and the phenomena examined in this talk? Yes and no. It explains them by showing they need no explanation." Pentcho Valev |
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