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Daily 3628
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE - Continuing to collect World Class Science
DAILY REPORT # 3628 PERIOD COVERED: DOY 159 OBSERVATIONS SCHEDULED ACS/HRC/WFC 10060 CCD Daily Monitor This program consists of basic tests to monitor, the read noise, the development of hot pixels and test for any source of noise in ACS CCD detectors. This programme will be executed once a day for the entire lifetime of ACS. ACS/HRC/WFC 9728 Tracing the History of Cosmic Expansion to z~2 with Type Ia Supernovae Type Ia supernovae {SNe Ia} provide the only direct evidence for an accelerating universe, an extraordinary result that needs the most rigorous test. The case for cosmic acceleration rests on the observation that SNe Ia at z = 0.5 are about 0.25 mag fainter than they would be in a universe without acceleration. A powerful and straightforward way to assess the reliability of the SN Ia measurement and the conceptual framework of its interpretation is to look for cosmic deceleration at z 1. This would be a clear signature of a mixed dark-matter and dark-energy universe. Systematic errors in the SNe Ia result attributed to grey dust or cosmic evolution of the SN Ia peak luminosity would not show this change of sign. We have obtained a toehold on this putative ``epoch of deceleration'' with SN 1997ff at z = 1.7, and 3 more at z 1 from our Cycle 11 program, all found and followed by HST. However, this is too important a test to rest on just a few objects, anyone of which could be subject to a lensed line-of-sight or misidentification. Here we propose to extend our measurement with observations of twelve SNe Ia in the range 1.0 z 1.5 or 6 such SNe Ia and 1 ultradistant SN Ia at z = 2, that will be discovered as a byproduct from proposed Treasury and DD programs. These objects will provide a much firmer foundation for a conclusion that touches on important questions of fundamental physics. ACS/WFC 9777 The environment of QSOs at the reionization epoch Our goal is to elucidate the role of QSOs and galaxies at the tail end of reionization by identifying z~6 galaxies near SDSS z6 QSOs through their red i-z colors. A similar technique was used by the SDSS to identify the QSOs themselves. Based on our understanding of the growth of structure in the Universe and on observations at z ~= 4, we expect z~6 QSOs to be associated to the high peaks in the matter density distribution. Therefore, they should be surrounded by an excess of objects - as compared to random fields - unless the ionizing radiation from the QSOs themselves is inhibiting star formation. We will concentrate on 5 QSOs discovered by the SDSS at z~6 and spend 7 orbits with ACS on each of the QSO fields {2.5 in F775W - i - and 4.5 in F850LP - z}, for a total of 35 orbits. The exposures are optimized for the detection of objects with i-z 2. The reference properties of the field population will be provided by GOODS which is reaching the same depth. The proposed observations will be capable of revealing the dominant effect between galaxy suppression by the QSO ionizing flux and number density excess due to clustering. We will test whether the balance between suppression and enhancement evolves with redshift. We will also be able to estimate for these fields the ionizing continuum contribution by galaxies and compare it with that of the QSOs. If galaxies are found to be comparably important to QSOs in these selected fields, the idea that hydrogen reionization is primarily due to stellar radiation would be significantly strengthened. ACS/WFC 9788 A Narrow-band Snapshot Survey of Nearby Galaxies We propose to use ACS/WFC to conduct the first comprehensive HST narrow-band {H-alpha + [N II]} imaging survey of the central regions of nearby bulge-dominated disk {S0 to Sbc} galaxies. This survey will cover, at high angular resolution extending over a large field, an unprecedented number of galaxies representing many different environments. It will have important applications for many astrophysical problems of current interest, and it will be an invaluable addition to the HST legacy. The observations will be conducted in snapshot mode, drawing targets from a complete sample of 145 galaxies selected from the Palomar spectroscopic survey of nearby galaxies. Our group will use the data for two primary applications. First, we will search for nuclear emission-line disks suitable for future kinematic measurements with STIS, in order to better constrain the recently discovered relations between black hole mass and bulge properties. Preliminary imaging of the type proposed here must be done, sooner or later, if we are to make progress in this exciting new field. Second, we will investigate a number of issues related to extragalactic star formation. Specifically, we will systematically characterize the properties of H II regions and super star clusters on all galactic scales, from circumnuclear regions to the large-scale disk. NIC/NIC3 9865 The NICMOS Parallel Observing Program We propose to continue managing the NICMOS pure parallel program. Based on our experience, we are well prepared to make optimal use of the parallel opportunities. The improved sensitivity and efficiency of our observations will substantially increase the number of line-emitting galaxies detected. As our previous work has demonstrated, the most frequently detected line is Halpha at 0.7z1.9, which provides an excellent measure of current star formation rate. We will also detect star-forming and active galaxies in other redshift ranges using other emission lines. The grism observations will produce by far the best available Halpha luminosity functions over the crucial--but poorly observed--redshift range where galaxies appear to have assembled most of their stellar mass. This key process of galaxy evolution needs to be studied with IR data; we found that observations at shorter wavelengths appear to have missed a large fraction of the star-formation in galaxies, due to dust reddening. We will also obtain deep F110W and F160W images, to examine the space densities and morphologies of faint red galaxies. In addition to carrying out the public parallels, we will make the fully reduced and calibrated images and spectra available on-line, with some ground-based data for the deepest parallel fields included. NIC1/NIC2/NIC3 8792 NICMOS Post-SAA calibration - CR Persistence Part 3 A new procedure proposed to alleviate the CR-persistence problem of NICMOS. Dark frames will be obtained immediately upon exiting the SAA contour 23, and every time a NICMOS exposure is scheduled within 50 minutes of coming out of the SAA. The darks will be obtained in parallel in all three NICMOS Cameras. The POST-SAA darks will be non-standard reference files available to users with a USEAFTER date/time mark. The keyword 'USEAFTER=date/time' will also be added to the header of each POST-SAA DARK frame. The keyword must be populated with the time, in addition to the date, because HST crosses the SAA ~8 times per day so each POST-SAA DARK will need to have the appropriate time specified, for users to identify the ones they need. Both the raw and processed images will be archived as POST-SAA DARKSs. Generally we expect that all NICMOS science/calibration observations started within 50 minutes of leaving an SAA will need such maps to remove the CR persistence from the science images. Each observation will need its own CRMAP, as different SAA passages leave different imprints on the NICMOS detectors. NIC2 9875 The Fundamental Plane of Massive Gas-Rich Mergers We propose deep NICMOS H-band imaging of a carefully selected sample of 33 luminous, late-stage galactic mergers. This program is part of a comprehensive investigation of the most luminous mergers in the nearby universe, the ultraluminous infrared galaxies {ULIGs}. The high-resolution HST images will complement an extensive set of ground-based data that include long-slit NIR spectra from a recently approved Large VLT Programme. This unique dataset will allow us to derive with unprecedented precision structural -and- kinematic parameters for a large unbiased sample of objects spanning the entire ULIG luminosity function. These data will refine the fundamental plane of massive gas-rich mergers and enable us to answer the following questions: {1} Do ultraluminous mergers form elliptical galaxies, and in particular, giant ellipticals? {2} Do ULIGs evolve into optically bright QSOs? The results from this detailed study of massive mergers in the local universe will be relevant to understanding galaxy formation and evolution at earlier epochs, and in particular, the dusty sub-mm population that accounts for more than half of the star formation at z 1. STIS 10033 MAMA Sensitivity and Focus Monitor Cycle 12 Monitor sensitivity of each MAMA grating mode to detect any change due to contamination or other causes. Also monitor the STIS focus in a spectroscopic and an imaging mode. STIS 9786 The Next Generation Spectral Library We propose to continue the Cycle 10 snapshot program to produce a Next Generation Spectral Library of 600 stars for use in modeling the integrated light of galaxies and clusters. This program is using the low dispersion UV and optical gratings of STIS. The library will be roughly equally divided among four metallicities, very low {[Fe/H] lt -1.5}, low {[Fe/H] -1.5 to -0.5}, near-solar {[Fe/H] -0.3 to 0.1}, and super-solar {[Fe/H] gt 0.2}, well-sampling the entire HR-diagram in each bin. Such a library will surpass all extant compilations and have lasting archival value, well into the Next Generation Space Telescope era. Because of the universal utility and community-broad nature of this venture, we waive the entire proprietary period. STIS/CCD 10018 CCD Dark Monitor-Part 2 Monitor the darks for the STIS CCD. STIS/CCD 10020 CCD Bias Monitor - Part 2 Monitor the bias in the 1x1, 1x2, 2x1, and 2x2 bin settings at gain=1, and 1x1 at gain = 4, to build up high-S/N superbiases and track the evolution of hot columns. STIS/CCD/MA1 10341 The D/H Ratio in C/2002 T7 {LINEAR} Measuring the D/H ratio in comets is one of the most important scientific objectives in planetary science. A comparison of the D/H ratio in comets to the value measured in the Earth's oceans can be used to assess whether cometary impacts contributed significantly to the delivery of water and other volatiles to the Earth. A comparison of the cometary ratio with the value in other solar system reservoirs {e.g., in the solar wind and the atmospheres of the Giant Planets}, and to values observed in the interstellar medium, can be used to determine how primitive cometary matter is. Our recent detection of the deuterium Lyman-alpha line in C/2001 Q4 {NEAT} demonstrates that HST has a new and potentially important role to play in this exciting area of research. Fortuitously, another moderately bright comet, C/2002 T7 {LINEAR}, is well-placed for HST observations in early June, and we request 8 orbits of HST time to measure deuterium in this comet. If our observations are successful, the number of comets for which D/H has been measured will be nearly doubled. STIS/CCD/MA1 9874 Probing IGM Phases, Metals, and the Cosmic Web with New SDSS QSOs We propose STIS G140L SNAPSHOT observations of 100 new z 1 QSOs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey for studies of the IGM. These targets will be chosen to simultaneously maximize IGM pathlength and to form closely spaced groups of 2-8 QSO sightlines within 1 h^-1 Mpc of a foreground galaxy. These observations will, in the long term, provide a rich database of target QSOs for detailed study by COS of the IGM phases, metallicity, and relationship to the large scale structure. In the near term, these observations will detect up to 10 Lyman alpha clouds with N_HI 10^14 and 3 clouds with N_HI 10^15, per target. Thus they will provide an immediate test of filamentary structure in the "cosmic web" within 1 h^-1 Mpc of galaxies. We ask for 22 minute exposures for each target with STIS/G140L to obtain S/N = 5-16 for these V = 16 - 18 QSOs. These observations will be sensitive to Lyman alpha equivalent widths ranging from 300 mA for the brighter sources to 600 mA at the fainter end. These targets represent a Deltaz pathlength of 17 {at 50% yield}, with Deltaz = 10 in the range where Lya, Lyb, and O VI lie in the HST band. These observations will also refine predictions of the FUV flux of QSOs based on the larger SDSS sample and will estimate the degree to which such factors as intrinsic and Galactic extinction, variability, and intervening absorption can be controlled. If successful, this technique could make UV-prequalification SNAPs of QSOs obsolete, at a significant savings of HST time. Our observations lie at the median duration for SNAPs, and in the range most likely to be executed. Our program accomplishes both near- and long-term goals at a relatively low investment of time, and thus is ideally suited for a SNAP proposal. To ensure maximum scientific return for our own purposes and for additional science {HVCs, Galactic halo} we waive the right to a proprietary data period. STIS/MA1 10034 Cycle 12 MAMA Dark Monitor This test performs the routine monitoring of the MAMA detector dark noise. This proposal will provide the primary means of checking on health of the MAMA detectors systems through frequent monitoring of the background count rate. The purpose is to look for evidence of change in dark indicative of detector problem developing. WFPC2 10068 WFPC2 CYCLE 12 Standard Darks This dark calibration program obtains dark frames every week in order to provide data for the ongoing calibration of the CCD dark current rate, and to monitor and characterize the evolution of hot pixels. Over an extended period these data will also provide a monitor of radiation damage to the CCDs. WFPC2 10071 WFPC2 CYCLE 12 Supplemental Darks Part 3/3 This dark calibration program obtains 3 dark frames every day to provide data for monitoring and characterizing the evolution of hot pixels. WFPC2 10072 WFPC2 CYCLE 12 INTERNAL MONITOR This calibration proposal is the Cycle 12 routine internal monitor for WFPC2, to be run weekly to monitor the health of the cameras. A variety of internal exposures are obtained in order to provide a monitor of the integrity of the CCD camera electronics in both bays {gain 7 and gain 15}, a test for quantum efficiency in the CCDs, and a monitor for possible buildup of contaminants on the CCD windows. FLIGHT OPERATIONS SUMMARY: Significant Spacecraft Anomalies: (The following are preliminary reports of potential non-nominal performance that will be investigated.) None COMPLETED OPS REQs: 17185-1 RMGA Powering On/Off @ 159/1310z 17194-0 Dump ACS Error log @ 159/1651z OPS NOTES EXECUTED: 0900-1 COMMAND PROBLEM @ 159/2014z SCHEDULED SUCCESSFUL FAILURE TIMES FGS GSacq 09 09 FGS REacq 07 07 FHST Update 16 16 LOSS of LOCK SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: Successfully completed RMGA power cycle (ON/OFF) 159/12:10Z - 13:10Z (OR 17185-1 with attached script - ROP PO-07 Steps 1 - 3 and 5 - 6). This is a routinely (six-month interval) scheduled activity to operate the RMGA's three gyros to maintain bearing lubrication to promote gyro longevity. |
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