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#721
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Brad Guth wrote:
tomcat, OK, alright already; http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/20...002-211915.pdf I agree that something nuclear/atomic is going to make a given rocket-ship or whatever spaceplane go like a bat out of hell. I've already offered my Radium(RA226) to Radon(Rn222) ion thrusting solution that's good for a half life of 1600 years, that's relatively safe and worth nearly 150,000 km/s. However, as I've said before about going fast in space, eventually out of nowhere that's detectable it's going to bite real fast and extremely hard. The good news is, it'll happen so quickly and with such extensive vaporising of your physically unshielded spaceplane, that no person onboard should have any forewarning nor feel a damn thing. I am interested in your Radium (RA226) to Radon (Rn222) ion thrusting solution. A good SSTP (Single Stage To the Planets) should have both it's initial thrust with the SSME's and a good ion engine to increase thrust as necessary and act as a back-up besides. I am under the impression that ion engines are still in their infancy. As to meteors and the like a computer controlled Co2 laser system should do the trick. The U.S. Army has the ability -- announced at the beginning of the Serb War -- to vaporize artillery shells as they fall through the air. This is much the same thing as vaporizing meteors. Anything really big will, of course, have to be nuked. Radiation is a difficult problem but as I have said there are new materials, plastic, and metal alloys that can do the job of lead at a fraction of the weight. Also, it lightens the load to shield the body of the astronauts with shielding in their flight suits and space suits. Also, extra shielding for their bunk beds which should be in a rectangular box, the box being adequately shielded. This will also give at least some privacy for reading, sleeping . . . or whatever. tomcat |
#722
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tomcat;
Radiation is a difficult problem but as I have said there are new materials, plastic, and metal alloys that can do the job of lead at a fraction of the weight. Plain old water or even sal****er, gray-water/waste-water or whatever else is lowest in density (I'd vote for using beer) is better off for creating fewer secondary/recoil photons, although you'll certainly need more volume and thus a thicker outer-shield cavity that obviously can't ever leak. A nearly soild basalt composite with the likes of JB-Weld as a binder is likely going to exceed 3.5 g/cm3. Could possibly create as much as a 5.6 g/cm3 composite as a compromise that's extremely tough but not half the density of lead, thus half the secondary/recoil worth of generating them hard-X-rays. Also, extra shielding for their bunk beds which should be in a rectangular box, the box being adequately shielded. This will also give at least some privacy for reading, sleeping . . . or whatever. I'd previously considered multi-tonne robust sleep-coffins that could be individually (user-friendly) spun at a sufficient rate that would induce an artificial sense of gravity, thus your notion of providing greater density about an individual's bead is offering a perfectly terrific idea that should be expanded upon. Even these relatively massive items could remain in orbit along with the external shield components, thus adding no to/from orbit mass. As to the Radium(RA226) to Radon(Rn222) ion thrusting solution, I'm not certain of the volume and thus available mass of Rn222 that can be continuously derived from any given amount of Ra226. It might take a tonne of Ra226 or perhaps as little as a kg of radium that can be artificially excited into giving off more than it's usual share of Rn222. If you should discover something along these lines, please let me know. No matters what, the Rn222 ions are certainly going to deliver greater mass and velocity than Xenon, and capable of sustaining that for a half life of 1600 years seems like a perfectly good sort of thing to exploit. ~ Life upon Venus, a township w/Bridge & ET/UFO Park-n-Ride Tarmac: http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-town.htm The Russian/China LSE-CM/ISS (Lunar Space Elevator) http://guthvenus.tripod.com/lunar-space-elevator.htm Venus ETs, plus the updated sub-topics; Brad Guth / GASA-IEIS http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-topics.htm Kurt Vonnegut would have to agree; War is war, thus "in war there are no rules" - In fact, war has been the very reason of having to deal with the likes of others that haven't been playing by whatever rules, such as GW Bush. |
#723
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tomcat,
I found a couple of interesting tidbits on Radon(Rn222) http://proliberty.com/observer/20020205.htm 4. It takes seven tons of uranium ore to produce 1 gram of radium (radium is radon's parent) 5. One gram of radium will emanate 0.0001 ml. (1 ten-millionth of a liter) of radon per day 6. One square mile of soil six inches deep contains approx. 1 gram of radium 7. Radium emits alpha and beta particles as well as gamma rays. 8. Radon emits alpha particles only - Thus without any external input, just where is as is, it looks as though 10t worth of Ra226 = 1 liter of pure Rn222/day. However, it seems somewhat logical that if the Ra226 was under sufficient siege from being bombarded by hard-X-rays and cosmic influx from within the near vacuum of space, or simply as a portion/byproduct of an onboard reactor might otherwise accelerate the rate of decay and thus provide a greater amount of Rn222 per tonne of Ra226. Of course, much like the tonnage of external basalt composite armor and of those fairly robust sleeping coffins (emergency escape/reentry pods) that could weigh 10t each, plus any great amount of Radium(Ra226) should also be configured for their staying in orbit so that the CNT spaceplane could come and go from orbit without hauling such extra mass, nor risk contaminating the environment in case the son of Osama bin Laden gets hold of one of our gigajoule ABLs or just MOS star-wars friendly fire via DoD R&D running amuck, which usually transpires without a stitch of remorse, along with whatever evidence excluded or sequestered (under penalty of death) until those NASA/Apollo cows come home. I'm not exactly convinced about this next somewhat unofficial looking extract but, it certainly seems to suggest somewhat alternatively interesting values as to what radon(Rn222) is worth having perhaps 1.5e9 calories per gram. http://www.nuenergy.org/alt/statement99.htm When radium transforms, a great deal of energy is liberated continuously as heat. The amount of stored energy in this transformation is of a very high magnitude. One gram of radium evolves about 134 calories per hour, and the total heat available is over 2,000,000,000 calories. One quarter of the generated energy comes from the decay of radium into radon gas. The remaining three quarters comes from the decay of the radon gas. One gram of radon, therefore represents 1,500,000,000 calories per gram. This translates into 5,944 BTUs per gram. Therefore, one pound will generate 2,698,825,592 BTUs. The radioactive fuel in a nuclear power plant generates 200,000,000 BTUs per pound. This means that radon gas generates 13.5 times more BTUs than nuclear reactors pound for pound of material. - note; 1 cal/g = 4.1868 joule/g, thus Rn222 @1.5e9 cal/g = 6.28e9 joules/g Unfortunately, the Radon(Rn222) phase doesn't last very long (nor does it have to), thus it needs to be continually made on demand by way of Radium(RA226) decay, of which radium is supposedly worth a half-life of 1600 years, which therefore seems like a lot of tiger in the tank for creating the necessary Radon(Rn222) gas, thereby providing the continuous supply of highly reactive go-juice as to what ion thrusters require. As long as this CNT spaceplane needs to incorporate a couple of 300 MJ worth of a continuous duty energy resources for charging up and providing the 10% duty cycle of a GJ class laser cannon (as based upon a 33% efficiency factor) seems perfectly rational. Thus what decent spaceplane is going anywhere without having a primary and a spare/secondary 300 MJ reactor onboard, which seems to suggest a perfectly good resolve for hosting the necessary tonnage of Ra226 anyway. Thereby you'll have access to that 300 MJ worth of energy that can otherwise be (whenever not clearing a path via laser cannon) diverted into ion thrusters that'll take the fullest advantage of all the Radon(Rn222) you've got. ~ Life upon Venus, a township w/Bridge & ET/UFO Park-n-Ride Tarmac: http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-town.htm The Russian/China LSE-CM/ISS (Lunar Space Elevator) http://guthvenus.tripod.com/lunar-space-elevator.htm Venus ETs, plus the updated sub-topics; Brad Guth / GASA-IEIS http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-topics.htm Kurt Vonnegut would have to agree; War is war, thus "in war there are no rules" - In fact, war has been the very reason of having to deal with the likes of others that haven't been playing by whatever rules, such as GW Bush. |
#724
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Brad Guth wrote: CNT or not, at any decent velocity is where debris avoidance seems essential, thus radar tracking of the 0.1 m3 and larger items needs to be good for at least 1e7 km, whereas items of less than 0.1 m3 may have to be armor deflected or perhaps laser cannon vaporised before impacting your spaceplane. Having a GJ class of 0.05 milliradian laser beam at your disposal should come in real handy, thus an onboard 300 MJ worth of a continuous energy resource for charging up and at least providing a 10% duty cycle as based upon a 33% efficiency factor seems perfectly rational. I mean to say, what decent spaceplane is going anywhere without a spare 300 MJ reactor onboard? A good point. We are in agreement that any mission beyond the Moon will require a nuclear reactor on board. The reactor should be similiar to the one's on board nuclear missile submarines. Simple, easy to maintain, and safe. They should be made as light as possible, however, since submarines can more easily carry heavy load. Even when Venus is within merely 100 fold the distance of our moon, that's still going to represent more than 50e6 km worth of spaceplane frequent flyer miles each way as based upon a 18 month stay-over. If the average in going velocity of this spaceplane were to be 50 km/s = 1e6 seconds or 278 hours = 11.6 days worth of being wide open to what ever's coming along or gets run into. However, instead of the round trip taking 23.2 days it's more than likely going to take 58 days due to the fact of leaving Venus for the trek back to Earth isn't going to have any nifty moon available as a terrific velocity booster, nor is the gravity pull of the sun going to take any days off while the same spaceplane thrust energy that made the average incoming velocity into 50 km/s is going to be somewhat butt dragging along at perhaps averaging all of 12.5 km/s getting away from Venus. Mars and Venus should not take more than a month to reach and another month to return. Once a spaceplane reaches space the difference between 25,000 mph and 100,000+ mph is about a 1 minute burn. This is because gravity has lessened and thrust to weight ratio is tripled because most of the fuel has been burned. One good trick is to coast at escape velocity for 12 hours (coast 300,000 miles farther from the center of the Earth) before the final burn. This will 'lessen gravity' all the more, not to mention giving the crew a little break. Then, as you mentioned, do a little 'slingshot' on the return, or going to, by using a Moon, any moon or planet, in a convenient location. Add to all this some ion engines and Mars and Venus may only be a couple of weeks away. For real! tomcat |
#725
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Check out my previous contribution as to what the energy worth of Rn222
might have to offer. Not including the applied electrical influx, apparently just Rn222 @1.5e9 cal/g = 6.28e9 joules/g Now all we need is the approximate formula for the reactive net ion thrust per MJ of applied energy of getting those hefty Rn222 ions going in a safe method of pushing your CNT spaceplane at perhaps 1% 'c' (3,000 km/s). ~ Life upon Venus, a township w/Bridge & ET/UFO Park-n-Ride Tarmac: http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-town.htm The Russian/China LSE-CM/ISS (Lunar Space Elevator) http://guthvenus.tripod.com/lunar-space-elevator.htm Venus ETs, plus the updated sub-topics; Brad Guth / GASA-IEIS http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-topics.htm Kurt Vonnegut would have to agree; War is war, thus "in war there are no rules" - In fact, war has been the very reason of having to deal with the likes of others that haven't been playing by whatever rules, such as GW Bush. |
#726
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FYI:
"The SpaceShip Company" was formed July 27, 2005, for the purpose of building spaceships. It combines the resources of Virgin Galactic and Scaled Composites. For more information check out the URL: http://www.scaled.com/news/2005-07-2...ip_company.htm tomcat |
#727
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NASA formally unveils lunar exploration architecture
tomcat,
Good 'Spaceship Company" info to know about. Even though our NASA clearly doesn't give a flying hocky-puck on behalf of commercial and thus private efforts, I'll offer the best of continued luck at least from my side of any argument that's on behalf of this venture into space. BTW; could this firm (Scaled Composites) use another out-of-the-box sort of guy, like myself? Is there a viable *think-tank* (private forum) associated with Burt Rutan or otherwise within the group? There's nothing within my head that's opposing to what Richard Branson has accomplished and is likely to achieve in the near future. Although, extended (multi-orbit) LEO missions are not even 1% of a to/from moon orbiting expedition, perhaps more like 0.1% of what even a survivable lunar orbiting and safe return with perhaps a few robotic deployments accomplished along the way and, if at all possible something that'll survive via soft landing upon the lunar surface would become another first for science. I hope you realize that I've summarily roasted your "Paul Allen" and especially MicroSoft on more than a few occasions? SETI is a joke and, I believe anyone funding that anti-ET/ETI joke needs to get roasetd because, it's been nothing but a private ruse/sting that's sucking us dry while wasting talents and resources at the same time. I could certainly think of all sorts of good-news/bad-news sorts of methods and ideas that'll have damn little if anything to do with our NASA, that's obviously too busy suckling and blowing our environment to shreds and humanity as to ever give a tinkers damn about the future and salvation of humanity. I've been asked a time or two as to where I get my info and numbers from; I use mostly data as extracted (somewhat on a need to know basis) from NASA, then from the regular laws of physics, from KODAK corporate and from the ongoing hard-science afforded by so many others that know for a matter of fact that folks like Art Deco and a bloody host of others are nothing but another SOB pack of LLPOF loosers that should be exterminated for their Skull and Bones crimes against humanity. I've asked how about yourself, of which NOVA/GOOGLE infomercial of disinformation space-toilet and/or cesspool-ology of another perpetrated *Christ on a stick* worth of cold-wars do you get your infomercials and moral solace of your inner most personal comfort? If folks wish to believe in whatever born-again liars have to say, and as such do not manage to involve public funds or otherwise actively recruit cult members, then so be it. As equally, my observationology and subsequent conjectures as based upon what I've interpreted as being most likely artificial about what's situated upon Venus is just subjectively exactly what it is. Take it or leave it. Here's a little something else about our notions of supposedly going back to the moon that's chuck full of those pesky numbers. Actually in this case the NASA numbers are much worse off if we accounted for the extra millirad/day that's incoming from the solar illuminated moon, which certainly doesn't sound like all that much until you do the reverse math. Then there's what continues as MOS "so what's the difference" policy that moderating even what their MESSENGER mission has to offer. MESSENGER SUCKS, Venus rocks, the moon is still dark and nasty http://groups.google.com/group/alt.s...4244ed3a77af9f There's more than good enough reasons for imaging via MESSENGER to have avoided our moon because, that moon is not only extremely dark and nasty as all get-out, it's also extremely solar and cosmic reactive, and the MESSENGER team most certainly did all they could in order to avoid getting any such unfortunate images of that dark moon or of anything other than Earth by simply using a closeup and 8-bit or less capability of the lowest DR portion by merely using the fastest appropriate scan of their CCD dynamic range (those efforts could easily have been limited to as little as 6-bit as having given us the same terrific 128:1 DR quality images of Earth). End of that discussion because, all that the MESSENGER supporters ever intend to accomplish is MOS dog-wagging, infomercial spin, hype and subsequent damage-control as based upon MOS conditional laws of physics, as well as upon implementing as much evidence exclusion as it takes. Not that any self-respecting pro-NASA/Apollo individual is ever going to accept the truth as to this notion that our NASA uses our solar illuminated moon as their satellite instrument calibration of hard-X-ray dosage but, if you ever bothered to accomplish the reverse math upon what that alone represents as based upon the square of the distance and lo and behold, the resulting near surface dosage (especially of the solar illuminated deck) becomes real nasty. There's roughly 376,284 km of surface to surface distance between the two of us. A satellite or that of ISS at 400 km off the deck will bring that down to 375, 884 km of least distance between their orbit and closest distance from the lunar deck. Of course there's factors that'll have to make the distance upon average a bit greater, thus for argument sake of what's radiating hard-X-rays at us, lets give this distance a factor of 380,000 km to work with. If you'd like being ultra conservative (even though it's closer to a millirem/day) give the measured secondary/recoil dosage that's specifically of hard-X-rays as derived off the reactive moon as being worth just one extra microrem (0.000001 rem) per day as measured by ISS instruments. Then because the Van Allen zone is such an expanse that represents a significant shield or buffer worth a conservative attinuation factor of 100:1 makes the first half distance basis of available TBI dosage amount to 400e-6 rem/day at being 190,000 km away from the solar illuminated deck of the moon, with the remainder of the distance strictly a ratio of increased TBI dosage increase as based upon the square of the distance (each half distance = 4 fold increase in TBI dosage). 380,000 km = 1e-6 rem/day 190,000 km = 400e-6 rem/day 95,000 km = 1600e-6 rem/day 47,500 km = 6400e-6 rem/day 23,750 km = 25.6e-3 rem/day 11,875 km = 102.4e-3 rem/day 5,938 km = 409.6e-3 rem/day 2,969 km = 1.638 rem/day 1,485 km = 6.552 rem/day 742.5 km = 26.2 rem/day 371.3 km = 104.8 rem/day 185.6 km = 419.2 rem/day Thus even at 1 microrem/day that's impacting ISS or any other satellite as having derived hard-X-rays off the solar reactive moon, and if going into orbiting mode within 1r (1738 km) off the lunar deck is worth nearly 6 rem/day. Even dividing that dosage in half because of your orbiting the moon makes it worth 3 rem per day while orbiting 1738 km off the deck. Of course, since this is almost entirely solar influx generated and the sun itself is anything but a constant, thus if the starting point of this measurement was actually based upon the extra millirem/day instead of the extra microrem/day, as such you're now looking at the orbiting dosage of 3,000 rem or 30 Sv/day that's of hard-X-rays being external to your spacecraft as derived upon average off the reactive moon. Naturally our NASA/Apollo missions were so much closer than 1738 km off the deck, and for those supposedly upon the deck were obviously getting TBI nailed real good. Of course that's not possible if you'd take the NASA/Apollo bible into account because, we're only off by a few thousand to one. Of course the lunar nighttime and the actual substance of the moon itself is going to contribute it's fair share of background and reactive cosmic sourced worth of hard-X-rays that shouldn't contribute 1% of what the solar impacted side has to offer, of which from such an extreme orbit of 1738 km off the deck should be all that testy. Although actually being on the nighttime/earthshine illuminated deck it's going to be worth several rads/day if not per hour, which isn't a problem for robotics w/o DNA. Though as per usual, each and every day it's getting worse off, as I seem to have gotten more than my fair share of the GOOGLE/NOVA V-Chip spermware/malware gauntlet that's specifically associated specifically with my MI6/NSA Usenet interactions, thus nearly always I'm having to frequently reboot because of their ongoing efforts as to damage and/or eliminate my existence as far as having any public Usenet access or even so much as a working PC. This is the absolute truth and nothing but the truth that's easily 100% provable, which only further demonstrates that I'm essentially right about most everything, thus worth targeting on behalf of damage-control. The excuses that it's all my fault and that GOOGLE/NOVA and their partners MI6/NSA in crimes against humanity can't possibly avoid nor track a given source of spermware/malware, much less block it is another LLPOF proof-positive that I'm right. BTW; using a MAC isn't offering any PC form of a safe buffer or other worthy shield against the vast expertise and gauntlet of formal spermware/malware generated and delivered by way of GOOGLE/NOVA and their MI6/NSA disinformation partners in crimes against humanity. It seems they have most if not all of the back-door keys to either operating system. Possibly Linux offers a third-party degree of isolation, although that accomplishes nothing on behalf of our ISPs and of other external servers taking and sharing as much info, just as capably allowing their data and Usenet pathways to being moderated and/or diverted as need be. ~ Life upon Venus, a township w/Bridge & ET/UFO Park-n-Ride Tarmac: http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-town.htm The Russian/China LSE-CM/ISS (Lunar Space Elevator) http://guthvenus.tripod.com/lunar-space-elevator.htm Venus ETs, plus the updated sub-topics; Brad Guth / GASA-IEIS http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-topics.htm Kurt Vonnegut would have to agree; War is war, thus "in war there are no rules" - In fact, war has been the very reason of having to deal with the likes of others that haven't been playing by whatever rules, such as GW Bush. |
#728
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NASA formally unveils lunar exploration architecture
Brad Guth wrote:
tomcat, Good 'Spaceship Company" info to know about. Even though our NASA clearly doesn't give a flying hocky-puck on behalf of commercial and thus private efforts, I'll offer the best of continued luck at least from my side of any argument that's on behalf of this venture into space. BTW; could this firm (Scaled Composites) use another out-of-the-box sort of guy, like myself? Is there a viable *think-tank* (private forum) associated with Burt Rutan or otherwise within the group? There's nothing within my head that's opposing to what Richard Branson has accomplished and is likely to achieve in the near future. Although, extended (multi-orbit) LEO missions are not even 1% of a to/from moon orbiting expedition, perhaps more like 0.1% of what even a survivable lunar orbiting and safe return with perhaps a few robotic deployments accomplished along the way and, if at all possible something that'll survive via soft landing upon the lunar surface would become another first for science. I hope you realize that I've summarily roasted your "Paul Allen" and especially MicroSoft on more than a few occasions? SETI is a joke and, I believe anyone funding that anti-ET/ETI joke needs to get roasetd because, it's been nothing but a private ruse/sting that's sucking us dry while wasting talents and resources at the same time. I could certainly think of all sorts of good-news/bad-news sorts of methods and ideas that'll have damn little if anything to do with our NASA, that's obviously too busy suckling and blowing our environment to shreds and humanity as to ever give a tinkers damn about the future and salvation of humanity. What Burt Rutan and Sir Richard Branson are doing is magnificent! Outer Space is wide open. And, 'The Spaceship Company' is gearing up for the Space Rush. Scaled Composites URL: http://www.scaled.com/ They have proven that hypersonic flight is possible. They even made it look easy. Spaceship One, by the way, is made of an epoxy/carbon fiber composite. One of many materials unknown back in the 70's when spaceplanes couldn't get financed. BTW; could this firm (Scaled Composites) use another out-of-the-box sort of guy, like myself? I don't know. You will have to ask Burt Rutan. Is there a viable *think-tank* (private forum) associated with Burt Rutan or otherwise within the group? Google has a Group Search feature. If it is here, you should be able to find it. I am inclined to agree with you that NASA isn't doing as much as they should for manned missions into space. In fact, currently, it is the null set. Some problem they are having with . . . ceramics. Ice keeps falling off their ET and breaking their ceramic tiles. Last I heard it was being blamed on 'shoddy workmanship'. They should have used Corelle like the USAF. The USAF's Corelle missile nose cones work perfectly. But NASA is loaded with facts from their glorius past. One of their best contributions, at present, is their website and database. I would like to point out, however, that everything about the Space Shuttle -- except the aluminum/silica tiles skin and the "O" rings -- is outstanding. NASA proved that a waverider, near SSTO cargo hauler, is possible and can perform well. And, BTW, anyone that finds out about life on other planets is apt to have a time of it with those that try to hush up the facts of our existence. Just because there are ancient runway strips cut into rock in South America, perfect crystal skulls from the geologic past, biblical references in Ezekial regarding angels and spaceships, numerous sightings with photos of saucers and the like, thousands of people that claim to have been abducted, and this list could go on and on, just because of all this 'evidence' we are not supposed to believe -- not for one second -- that aliens exist either here or . . . out there. tomcat |
#729
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NASA formally unveils lunar exploration architecture
tomcat;
anyone that finds out about life on other planets is apt to have a time of it with those that try to hush up the facts of our existence. I like the little nudge of "hush up the facts of our existence", as this seems to suggest there's others nearly exactly like us, if not us (perhaps Cathars none the less). BTW; you forgot all about the Dropa/Dzopa that still somewhat coexist. Terrific story as to all of those micro-inscribed Drops Stones, somewhat CDs made of once-upon-a-time polished solid rock, and they've had hundreds of them suckers that date 10,000 BC. I also agree that with the minor exception of supposedly walking on the moon (perpetrated cold-war spoofology), our NASA has managed to pull off some rather impressive though horrifically spendy results. Too bad DoD doesn't leave their ABLs parked within the hanger instead of taking every opportunity as to further test and evaluate their latest star-war toys. Here's some more of my thoughts outside the box, on behalf of your CNT Spaceplanes that may need a little something extra that will not bust the bank. SPACEPLANES of CNT/Basalt Composites Spaceplanes along with the new and improved fuels and rocket engines may in fact need to become extensively CNT light and thermal-dynamically tough as for their to/from LEO criteria, however from there on up, up and away they'll also require an external physical shield of good density as well as toughness for moderating radiation as well as on behalf of fending off physical debris that can't otherwise be avoided, of one tough substance that'll take on a 100 km/s impact by at least as much as a 2 kg item, thus capable of allowing the CNT spaceplane to be taking a rather significant licking and keep on ticking (there's no telling from which direction, although head-on might suggest the worse possible events if the spaceplane is making good velocity of it's own). I believe that's only having to deal with 10e9 J (10 billion joules/s) that'll transpire into a rather nasty initial 0.1 meter crater/gouge within a microsecond, subsequently blowing out a good m3 worth of composite reinforced shield if not worse, thus 10e9 x 1e6 = 1e16 j/us Since I have no idea as to what the multi hundred million dollar if not a billion dollar per tonne of whatever CNT is going to be capable of defending itself and crew within. Of what I do know is that the raw fibers of a composite basalt are individually worth 4.84 GPa in tension mode, and obviously a whole lot more capable in compression/elastic mode of 89 GPa as is. Basalt is also literally dirt/rock-cheap and available almost anywhere there's a source of energy for processing the raw basalt into such nifty fibers. Basalt Continuous Fiber Mechanical Properties http://www.albarrie.com/Process%20En...ro-basalt.html Raw Basalt fiber 2.7~2.8 g/cm3 or 2700~2800 kg/m3 Tensile strength MPa 4840 (4.84 GPa) Elastic modulus: GPa 89 Elongation at break 3.15 % JB WELD (epoxy) Properties in lbs/psi (MPa) http://www.jbweld.net/coldweld.html Tensile Strength: 3960 (27.3 MPa) Adhesion: 1800 (12.4 MPa) Flex Strength 7320 (50.5 MPa) Tensile Lap Shear 1040 (7.2 MPa) Thermal Resistant to 500ºF / 260ºC Density: 15.8lb/gal (1.87 gm cm3) Basalt/JB-WELD(30%) matrix/composite = 2486 kg/m3 Basalt/JB-WELD(25%) matrix/composite = 2530 kg/m3 Basalt/JB-WELD(20%) matrix/composite = 2574 kg/m3 Basalt/JB-WELD(15%) matrix/composite = 2618 kg/m3 Basalt/JB-WELD(10%) matrix/composite = 2662 kg/m3 Of course micro-balloons or perhaps rather milli-balloons of basalt are offering an entirely different group of solutions, as to creating extremely low mass composites of R-1024/m insulation value to boot. Thus a blend of as little as 10% fiber and 90% balloons seems perfectly doable. Filling those balloons with the likes of H2 or just accommodating a near vacuum (such as if having been manufactured upon the moon) and the spaceplane might float away all by itself (especially if situated upon Venus). I mean, how embarrassing would that be? Since this outer basalt composite shield shouldn't be intended as a reentry requirement, thus ordinary JB-WELD epoxy can more than accommodate the necessary binder for fabricating the robust outer shell, that which can remain in orbit while the naked CNT spaceplane deals with the to/from orbit demands. Of course other ceramic certified binders could easily make the basalt fibers themselves worthy of spaceplane construction at less than 0.1% the cost impact of whatever CNT products are likely to involve. Actually, if the final spaceplane airframe mass itself isn't as much of a critical factor, whereas fiber per fiber filled volume we're probably talking about 0.0001% the overall cost impact of going with the likes of CNTs of sufficiently continuous fibers. Thus per end-product volume is where a basalt composite is going to cost roughly a million fold less than CNT, which by the way CNT doesn't even yet exist at the necessary level of GPa anyway. There's no question that CNTs per kg of fiber is eventually going to structurally outperform anything of basalt. Although, I'm not at all convinced that the thermal stability and of radiation resistance of basalt at less than $0.05/g isn't already superior to that of a similar performing amount or end-product having been created of a $500/gram CNT fiber which might actually amount to their end-product composite costing $1000/gram, thus a rather spendy large spaceplane that'll need a few tonnes of that stuff. The raw $500/g cost of just the naked CNT fibers comes from the following link. http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?A...on%20Nanotubes The Earth Space Elevator or LiftPort as stated by Dr. Edwards needs every possible GPa they can get, and then some. Apparently whatever the cost and/or impact upon the environment of Earth as for creating his elevator tether of such spendy CNT is not even a remote factor. I'm not sure that'll be the case with regard to any commercial spaceplane venture where real honest to God folks will actually have to pay out their hard earned moneys for whatever it'll take. - As per usual, each and every day it's getting worse off, as I seem to have gotten more than my fair share of the GOOGLE/NOVA V-Chip spermware/malware gauntlet that's having been specifically associated with my MI6/NSA Usenet interactions, thus nearly always I'm having to frequently reboot because of their ongoing efforts as to damage and/or eliminate my existence as far as my having any public Usenet access or even so much as a working PC. This is still the absolute ongoing truth and nothing but the truth that's easily 100% provable, which only further demonstrates that I'm essentially right about most everything, thus apparently I'm worth targeting on behalf of mainstream damage-control. The typical excuses that it's all my fault and that GOOGLE/NOVA and their partners of MI6/NSA in crimes against humanity can't possibly avoid nor track a given source of such spermware/malware, much less block it is yet another LLPOF proof-positive that I'm right. BTW; using a MAC isn't offering any PC form of a safe Usenet buffer or other worthy shield against the vast expertise and continually mutating gauntlet of such incest orchestrated and thus formal spermware/malware that's being custom generated and then so easily delivered knowingly by way of these GOOGLE/NOVA servers on behalf of their MI6/NSA disinformation partners in crimes against humanity. It seems they have most if not all of the back-door keys to either operating system. Possibly Linux offers a third-party degree of isolation, although that accomplishes nothing on behalf of our complicit ISPs and of most other external servers taking and sharing as much info as their bandwidth allows, and just as capably allowing their data and Usenet pathways to being moderated and/or diverted as DHS need be. ~ Life upon Venus, a township w/Bridge & ET/UFO Park-n-Ride Tarmac: http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-town.htm The Russian/China LSE-CM/ISS (Lunar Space Elevator) http://guthvenus.tripod.com/lunar-space-elevator.htm Venus ETs, plus the updated sub-topics; Brad Guth / GASA-IEIS http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-topics.htm Kurt Vonnegut would have to agree; War is war, thus "in war there are no rules" - In fact, war has been the very reason of having to deal with the likes of others that haven't been playing by whatever rules, such as GW Bush. |
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NASA formally unveils lunar exploration architecture
What Burt Rutan and Sir Richard Branson are doing is magnificent! Outer Space is wide open. And, 'The Spaceship Company' is gearing up for the Space Rush. Yes it's wonderful, magnificent and inspiring, but... they haven't sill achieved 7.9 km/sec - the 1st orbital speed. Lowering the launch costs is the problem number one for ongoing exploration of space. Imagine how would Portuguese, Spanish, or English explore the world seas, and the entire globe, from 15th until 19th century if a pound of their boat would have cost 5,000 USD? That would be impossible, and this is the primary reason that is hampering our exploration of space. Marko |
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