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Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!



 
 
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  #1  
Old September 3rd 07, 12:59 AM posted to sci.space.history
Cruithne3753
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Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!

http://www.buran.ru/htm/history.htm

There are some interesting stages in the evolution of the Energia/Buran
design, the OS-120 resembling the American Shuttle in having three main
engines but additionaly having two small (solid?) engines on either side
of the orbiter, the OK-92 having a single engine and a pair of what
appear to be landing jets, to the flown version.

I wish they had done an English version of this page, trying to put it
through Google language tools only translates part way.
  #2  
Old September 3rd 07, 01:28 AM posted to sci.space.history
Pat Flannery
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Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!



Cruithne3753 wrote:
http://www.buran.ru/htm/history.htm

There are some interesting stages in the evolution of the
Energia/Buran design, the OS-120 resembling the American Shuttle in
having three main engines but additionaly having two small (solid?)
engines on either side of the orbiter


I assume those are abort engines; some of our early shuttle designs had
them also.
(should have kept them, they might have saved Challenger).
Though they don't point it out, most of their illustrations are linked
to other pages on that website; here's the linked page on the OS-120:
http://www.buran.ru/htm/os-120.htm

, the OK-92 having a single engine and a pair of what appear to be
landing jets, to the flown version.


Here's the linked page to that: http://www.buran.ru/htm/ok-92.htm
Including a cutaway of the jet engines.

Pat
  #3  
Old September 3rd 07, 01:38 AM posted to sci.space.history
[email protected][_1_]
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Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!

On Sep 2, 6:59 pm, Cruithne3753
wrote:

the OS-120 resembling the American Shuttle in having three main
engines but additionaly having two small (solid?) engines on either side
of the orbiter,


Yes, they are small solids intended for an emergency rescue system.

You have to read a fair amount down into http://www.buran.ru/htm/os-120.htm
, but there you find

The Soviet analog of the Space Shuttle orbital stage -- the OS-120
variant -- turned out heavier (full launch mass 155.35 t; mass in
orbit 120 t, including 30 t payload; landing mass 89 t) because of the
use of two pylon-mounted solid rockets in the tail section for the
accident rescue system. These were intended for emergency separation
of the orbiter from the fuel section if an emergency [accident]
situation arose during the ascent phase.

Space Shuttle - " -120"
( 155,35 ,
120 30 , - 89 )

,
  #4  
Old September 3rd 07, 02:03 AM posted to sci.space.history
Pat Flannery
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Posts: 18,465
Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!



wrote:
Yes, they are small solids intended for an emergency rescue system.

You have to read a fair amount down into
http://www.buran.ru/htm/os-120.htm
, but there you find

The Soviet analog of the Space Shuttle orbital stage -- the OS-120
variant -- turned out heavier (full launch mass 155.35 t; mass in
orbit 120 t, including 30 t payload; landing mass 89 t) because of the
use of two pylon-mounted solid rockets in the tail section for the
accident rescue system. These were intended for emergency separation
of the orbiter from the fuel section if an emergency [accident]
situation arose during the ascent phase.


The disadvantage of the Shuttle clone design with the engines on the
orbiter is that meant that the stock Energia couldn't be also used as a
heavy-lift vehicle.
It was the ultimate intention to make the whole Energia system of
vehicles pretty much fully recoverable.
In the fully-evolved system the four strap-on boosters would extend
swing wings and land on runways after separation, while a winged Energia
core would release cargo from a nose bay once in orbit and then return
to Earth, glide landing like a giant Buran orbiter.

Pat
  #5  
Old September 3rd 07, 08:46 AM posted to sci.space.history
Pat Flannery
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Posts: 18,465
Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!



wrote:

According to the caption of the figure naming the parts(*) in
http://www.buran.ru/htm/ok-92.htm, the single engine in the tail is,
to my considerable surprise, a 470 mtf solid motor for an emergency
rescue system.


That's odd, because in this version the Energia has only three engines
on the base of the core stage, so something regarding mass, isp, or burn
duration is different from the flown version.
On the US version of the Shuttle with the solid escape engines mounted
on the wing, they would have been used for orbital insertion if not
needed for an ascent abort.
What impressed me about this variant of the Buran design was how much
smaller the wing area was in comparison to the flown version. That's
going to lead to higher heating and G loads during reentry. Thermal
protection on those pods during reentry doesn't look any too easy either.
It was the intention to possibly return the jet engines to either side
of the flown Buran's tail at some future date as a improvement to the
vehicle. The big problem they were running into was the whole launch
system was coming in considerably heavier than planned (the same thing
had happened with the N-1) particularly in regards to the recovery
system planned to be used on the boosters to allow them to descend
horizontally on land. I never have read the specifics of how this was
was supposed to work, but the boosters had extensible landing legs, as
shown on the cutaways on this page: http://www.buran.ru/htm/rocket.htm
I don't know if the final landing was to use Soyuz-type solid fuel
engines to cushion the impact, or some sort of crushable aluminum
honeycomb material (the drawings make it look like the latter may be the
case).

Pat
  #6  
Old September 3rd 07, 01:51 PM posted to sci.space.history
[email protected][_1_]
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Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!

On Sep 3, 2:46 am, Pat Flannery wrote:
wrote:


Thermal protection on those pods during reentry doesn't look any too easy either.


The text says they had jettisonable thermal protective covers. (10 &
11 in the diagram). 15 is the emergency rocket motor nozzle.

Actually, Bablefish does a semicomprehensible job with this, if you
want to check it:

10 - expendable front fairing- silencer TRD - TURBOJET ENGINE D
-30KP; [What is translated as "expendable" is better rendered
"discardable" here.]
11 - expendable rear heatproof cover- silencer (it is shown on the
right pod);
15 - nozzle RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE of the system of
emergency recovery (SAS)

Then the first bulleted item in the text below the figure comes out as

# jettisoned on shch'-oy second of flight after the passage of the
critical phase of flight RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE OF SAS
with the initial thrust 470 t;

That needs a little work: "shch'oy" is 56th (I guess the KOI-8
encoding of the numerals confused Bablefish), so it's

# jettisoned on 56th second of flight after the passage of the
critical phase of flight RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE OF SAS
with the initial thrust 470 t;

  #7  
Old September 3rd 07, 03:51 PM posted to sci.space.history
[email protected][_1_]
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Posts: 214
Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!

On Sep 3, 5:51 am, " wrote:
On Sep 3, 2:46 am, Pat Flannery wrote:

wrote:
Thermal protection on those pods during reentry doesn't look any too easy either.


The text says they had jettisonable thermal protective covers. (10 &
11 in the diagram). 15 is the emergency rocket motor nozzle.

Actually, Bablefish does a semicomprehensible job with this, if you
want to check it:

10 - expendable front fairing- silencer TRD - TURBOJET ENGINE D
-30KP; [What is translated as "expendable" is better rendered
"discardable" here.]
11 - expendable rear heatproof cover- silencer (it is shown on the
right pod);
15 - nozzle RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE of the system of
emergency recovery (SAS)

Then the first bulleted item in the text below the figure comes out as

# jettisoned on shch'-oy second of flight after the passage of the
critical phase of flight RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE OF SAS
with the initial thrust 470 t;

That needs a little work: "shch'oy" is 56th (I guess the KOI-8
encoding of the numerals confused Bablefish), so it's

# jettisoned on 56th second of flight after the passage of the
critical phase of flight RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE OF SAS
with the initial thrust 470 t;


As an aside, they apparently have updated this site. Some of the new
stuff shows CG of the Mig 105's pilot escape capsule and how it it
configured in the air-frame. Neat stuff..........................Doc

  #8  
Old September 3rd 07, 07:44 PM posted to sci.space.history
Pat Flannery
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Posts: 18,465
Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!



wrote:
On Sep 3, 2:46 am, Pat Flannery wrote:

wrote:



Thermal protection on those pods during reentry doesn't look any too easy either.


The text says they had jettisonable thermal protective covers. (10 &
11 in the diagram). 15 is the emergency rocket motor nozzle.

Actually, Bablefish does a semicomprehensible job with this, if you
want to check it:

I tried to run the whole page through Babel Fish, but it would indicate
that the page had some error on it that it couldn't translate.
10 - expendable front fairing- silencer TRD - TURBOJET ENGINE D
-30KP; [What is translated as "expendable" is better rendered
"discardable" here.]
11 - expendable rear heatproof cover- silencer (it is shown on the
right pod);
15 - nozzle RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE of the system of
emergency recovery (SAS)

Then the first bulleted item in the text below the figure comes out as

# jettisoned on shch'-oy second of flight after the passage of the
critical phase of flight RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE OF SAS
with the initial thrust 470 t;

That needs a little work: "shch'oy" is 56th (I guess the KOI-8
encoding of the numerals confused Bablefish), so it's

# jettisoned on 56th second of flight after the passage of the
critical phase of flight RDTT - SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE OF SAS
with the initial thrust 470 t;


If you check out the cutaway of the vehicle, it appears the escape motor
is housed inside some sort of propellant tank structu
http://www.buran.ru/images/gif/ok-92-7.gif
There's something else odd about this design I just noticed...look how
the strap-on boosters are located in comparison to the flown version:
http://www.buran.ru/images/gif/ok-92-6.gif
The bottom two are nearly on the far side of the core tankage from the
orbiter, and this is going to require a lot of gimbaling of the core
engines to get their thrust-line through the center of mass of the
stack. The way they've got it designed the thing is going to try and
flip over sideways on liftoff from a lack of thrust on the side the
orbiter is on.

Pat
  #10  
Old September 3rd 07, 10:10 PM posted to sci.space.history
[email protected][_1_]
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Posts: 157
Default Buran evolution - wish I understood Russian!

On Sep 3, 1:44 pm, Pat Flannery wrote:

I tried to run the whole page through Babel Fish, but it would indicate
that the page had some error on it that it couldn't translate.


Da Fish, being a derivative of the Systran translation system the old
and much-to-be-esteemed USAF Foreign Technology Division funded to
translate technical Russian into English during the Cold War, does a
fair job of translating technical Russian into English. But times
having moved on beyond pure ASCII or KOI-8, it sometimes gets
confused.

And then there's still the problem that oftentimes it's necessary to
*understand* what the source language is saying in order to translate
it into the target language in an understandable fashion.


 




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