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Calendrical reform
Here is a garden variety cataloguer's explanation for the calendar
system based on equable days "The Day is the interval between two successive passages of the sun across the meridian of any place. It is commonly computed from the midnight passage across the inferior meridian on the opposite side of the globe; but by astronomers from the passage at the noon following. The Civil Day is thus twelve hours in advance of the Astronomical. The Solar Day, which is what we always mean by this term day, is longer by about four minutes of time than the Sidereal, or the successive passages of a fixed star across the same meridian; for, owing to the revolution of the earth in its orbit from west to east, the sun appears to travel annually in a path (the ecliptic), likewise from west to east, among the stars round the entire heavens. The belt of constellations through which it appears to proceed is styled the zodiac. During half the year (March to September) the ecliptic lies to the north of the celestial equator; during the other half (September to March) to the south. The points where ecliptic and equator intersect are called the equinoxes. In the northern hemisphere the March equinox (or "first point of Aries") is called the vernal equinox; the September equinox ("first point of Libra"), the autumnal. " http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03168a.htm To construct a calendar system with a leap day adjustment it is required to determine an equable 24 hour day FIRST and all explanations in the calendar reform omit this crucial point. The 17th century cataloguers (from which the Catholic Encyclopedia borrows its explanation ) in formating axial rotation against the calendrical cycle of 365.25 days provide no explanation for the origins of the standard 24 hour day by which the annual orbit is ascertained and never qualify that the Equation of Time principles which accurately reflect constant axial rotation passing through Keplerian orbital motion. The 18th century cataloguers,in their effort to fix the celestial sphere to terrestial longitudes for navigational purposes using the calendrical average,created a analemma fudge that wiped out Kepler's second law as the main component of the Equation of Time by attributing only a hemispherical axial tilt component and elliptical geometry in order to justify a .986 degree orbital displacement. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analemma http://www.nmm.ac.uk/site/request/se.../contentId/351 It all comes down to bluffing and blustering,part of it owing to cataloguing laziness and the other half by empirical insanity,either way,tying the Earth's motions,both axial and orbital,to a homogenous calendrical 4 year and 1 day average is an incredibly useless astronomical maneuver for although you can make the thing fit uncomfortably for terrestial longitudes it is really dumb to imagine it reflects the relationship between axial and orbital motion. |
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