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Arago vs Vogel



 
 
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  #21  
Old October 31st 11, 10:20 AM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
Szczepan Bialek
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 51
Default Arago vs Vogel


"OG" napisal w wiadomosci
...
On 30/10/2011 20:31, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
napisal w wiadomosci
...
On 30/10/2011 15:37, Szczepan Bialek wrote:

It seems to me that the only way to measure the angle of refraction is
to
measure the absorption line position.

You are mistaken. Arago's experiment simply looked at the angle or
refraction.


But the line position was the same for stars:
"http://www.archive.org/stream/spectrumanalysis00esterich/spectrumanalysis00esterich_djvu.txt
"Indeed, these observations would scarcely be
possible, were it not that in the dark lines crossing the spec-
tra of the sun and fixed stars, the places of some of which
may be accurately ascertained, we have fixed positions in
the spectrum, the degree of refrangibility or wave-length of
which may be determined beforehand, both for the sun and
terrestrial substances, and also for the stars or other sources
of light supposed to be at rest. "


What you can't see, because Fig X is not included, is that the positions
of the lines is displaced because of the relative movements. So, the line
position was NOT the same. The following text makes this clear.



Below is the problem of the radial speeds of planets. Also the result
is
null:
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//...00243.000.html

You are mistaken. That experiment was to detect oxygen lines in the
atmosphere of Venus.


You are right.


The Vogel's result do not fit to them.

Why not?

In all textbooks is wrote that Arago, Mchelson-Morley and
Truton-Noble
fit
together.

So what (in your own words) is the problem with Vogel's result?

The problem will appear if it is confirmed.

What problem?

Now it is mentioned only in Wiki. Without any comments.
If it is right than: "This experiment, which
demonstrated the effect of the earth's orbital movement on refraction
is of great historical interest. "

Arago's result yes.

I still don't know why you think there's a problem with Vogel's
result.

I know that in the whole World students are told that at measuring of
the
radial speed of stars they should take into account the orbital speed
of
the
Earth.

Yes.

The reason is the Vogel's result.

Sort of. More accurately, Vogel's result is a measurement of the earth's
orbital speed, hence, it needs to be taken into account.


Arago's result is "yes" and Vogel's result is "yes". Is it possible?


Of course it's possible. The speed of the incoming light is not changed by
the relative motion of the source and detector (Arago), but the frequency
of the spectral feature is changed (Vogel).


It is some problem because in 1905 Einstein wrote that it is impossible
to
detect the orbital speed. So are the two possibilities:
1. Brace and Einstein did not know about Vogel's result.
2. Vogel's result become wrong.

You are mistaken. Einstein wrote no such thing. What he wrote (in
effect)
is that the earth's orbital speed has no effect on the measured speed of
light, which is the explanation behind Arago's null result.


For me refraction = line position ("the dark lines crossing the spectra
of
the sun and fixed stars").


That's a mistake.

The only detail which can be measured are the position of that dark
lines.
Arago used the achromatic prism.


So you agree he couldn't have been looking at spectral lines if he was
using an achromatic prism. What he measured was the simple angle of
refraction.
He tried to see if the different speed of the Earth relative to the source
star made a difference to the angle of refraction. It doesn't

But the next used the dark lines.

But is possible that Arago's measurements and that to 1904 were not
accurate.


No, they were accurate enough -

Why than the Vogel's result is totally unknown?


Because he measured something that was not unexpected.


The spectra methods are a little mystery. And what with the radioscopy:
"In 1931, a Bell Telephone engineer, Karl Jansky (1905-1950), was trying to
find where the interference disrupting transatlantic radiophone circuits
came from. He discovered that some of the radio noise was not from the
Earth--it was extraterrestrial. The primary source was the center of the
Milky Way, in the constellation of Sagittarius. In 1936, an Illinois radio
engineer, Grote Reber (b. 1911), pursued the phenomenon farther." From:
http://physics.gmu.edu/~jevans/astr1..._txt.htm#5.2.1.

The radio frequences are easy to measure.
Are there the diurinal and annual effests?
S*




  #22  
Old October 31st 11, 08:28 PM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
OG
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 780
Default Arago vs Vogel

On 31/10/2011 09:20, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
napisal w wiadomosci
...
On 30/10/2011 20:31, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
napisal w wiadomosci
...
On 30/10/2011 15:37, Szczepan Bialek wrote:

It seems to me that the only way to measure the angle of refraction is
to
measure the absorption line position.

You are mistaken. Arago's experiment simply looked at the angle or
refraction.

But the line position was the same for stars:
"http://www.archive.org/stream/spectrumanalysis00esterich/spectrumanalysis00esterich_djvu.txt
"Indeed, these observations would scarcely be
possible, were it not that in the dark lines crossing the spec-
tra of the sun and fixed stars, the places of some of which
may be accurately ascertained, we have fixed positions in
the spectrum, the degree of refrangibility or wave-length of
which may be determined beforehand, both for the sun and
terrestrial substances, and also for the stars or other sources
of light supposed to be at rest. "


What you can't see, because Fig X is not included, is that the positions
of the lines is displaced because of the relative movements. So, the line
position was NOT the same. The following text makes this clear.



Below is the problem of the radial speeds of planets. Also the result
is
null:
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//...00243.000.html

You are mistaken. That experiment was to detect oxygen lines in the
atmosphere of Venus.

You are right.


The Vogel's result do not fit to them.

Why not?

In all textbooks is wrote that Arago, Mchelson-Morley and
Truton-Noble
fit
together.

So what (in your own words) is the problem with Vogel's result?

The problem will appear if it is confirmed.

What problem?

Now it is mentioned only in Wiki. Without any comments.
If it is right than: "This experiment, which
demonstrated the effect of the earth's orbital movement on refraction
is of great historical interest. "

Arago's result yes.

I still don't know why you think there's a problem with Vogel's
result.

I know that in the whole World students are told that at measuring of
the
radial speed of stars they should take into account the orbital speed
of
the
Earth.

Yes.

The reason is the Vogel's result.

Sort of. More accurately, Vogel's result is a measurement of the earth's
orbital speed, hence, it needs to be taken into account.

Arago's result is "yes" and Vogel's result is "yes". Is it possible?


Of course it's possible. The speed of the incoming light is not changed by
the relative motion of the source and detector (Arago), but the frequency
of the spectral feature is changed (Vogel).


It is some problem because in 1905 Einstein wrote that it is impossible
to
detect the orbital speed. So are the two possibilities:
1. Brace and Einstein did not know about Vogel's result.
2. Vogel's result become wrong.

You are mistaken. Einstein wrote no such thing. What he wrote (in
effect)
is that the earth's orbital speed has no effect on the measured speed of
light, which is the explanation behind Arago's null result.

For me refraction = line position ("the dark lines crossing the spectra
of
the sun and fixed stars").


That's a mistake.

The only detail which can be measured are the position of that dark
lines.
Arago used the achromatic prism.


So you agree he couldn't have been looking at spectral lines if he was
using an achromatic prism. What he measured was the simple angle of
refraction.
He tried to see if the different speed of the Earth relative to the source
star made a difference to the angle of refraction. It doesn't

But the next used the dark lines.

But is possible that Arago's measurements and that to 1904 were not
accurate.


No, they were accurate enough -

Why than the Vogel's result is totally unknown?


Because he measured something that was not unexpected.


The spectra methods are a little mystery. And what with the radioscopy:
"In 1931, a Bell Telephone engineer, Karl Jansky (1905-1950), was trying to
find where the interference disrupting transatlantic radiophone circuits
came from. He discovered that some of the radio noise was not from the
Earth--it was extraterrestrial. The primary source was the center of the
Milky Way, in the constellation of Sagittarius. In 1936, an Illinois radio
engineer, Grote Reber (b. 1911), pursued the phenomenon farther." From:
http://physics.gmu.edu/~jevans/astr1..._txt.htm#5.2.1.

The radio frequences are easy to measure.
Are there the diurinal and annual effests?


I'm sure there are, but to detect them you would need to have a radio
receiver with good spectral resolution and a sources with narrow
frequency spectral features.

A bit of googling (using the words astronomical radio doppler effect
diurnal) has brought up the user guide for the Miriad software package
used by the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ACTA).
http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/software/miriad/

The section related to Spectral Line Data Reduction makes it clear that
the diurnal effect needs to be taken into account for fine velocity
resolution observations
http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/s...e/node134.html








  #23  
Old October 31st 11, 08:56 PM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
oriel36[_2_]
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 8,478
Default Arago vs Vogel

On Oct 31, 10:20*am, "Szczepan Bialek" wrote:

The radio frequences are easy to measure.
Are there the diurinal and annual effests?
S*


The both of you are childish but are no better or worse than the rest.

It would take 3 satellites referenced off each other and each of those
to a planetary trait to work out the change in the orbital speed of
the Earth from day to day,that hasn't been done and it cannot be done
until an astronomer arrives on the scene with a healthy respect for
planetary dynamics and less for stellar circumpolar motion.

Let me guess,none of you have the faintest idea how the referencing
works and even if I did explain how the equation of time works to
extract the daily rotational component from the variations in orbital
speed,you still wouldn't get it right as additional information is
required and adjustments made.

Continue on trying to impress yourselves,the great English innovator
John Harrison had you lot pegged centuries ago when engineering
innovation is required -

"Now, in the former part of this book, I have treated about matters
pertaining to the strictness of measuring time; and have shewn the
deficiencies of such means as Mr. Graham had taken or made use of for
that purpose; and I have also treated of the improper, troublesome,
erroneous - tedious method, which the professors at Cambridge and
Oxford would have to be for the longitude at sea:"
" But indeed, had I continued under the hands of the rude
commissioners, this completion, or great accomplishment, neither
would, nor could, ever have been obtained; but however, providence
otherwise ordered the matter, and I can now boldly say, that if the
provision for the heat and cold could properly be in the balance
itself, as it is in the pendulum, the watch [or my longitude
time-keeper] would then perform to a few seconds in a year, yea, to
such perfection now are imaginary impossibilities conquered; so the
priests at Cambridge and Oxford, &c. may cease their pursuit in the
longitude affair, and as otherwise then to occupy their time."
John Harrison

Dullards now as they were back then in Harrison's time,they are lost
in the timekeeping system and their celestial sphere carousel and
waste theirs and everyone else's time as Harrison rightly pointed out.



  #24  
Old November 1st 11, 06:11 PM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
Szczepan Bialek
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 51
Default Arago vs Vogel


"oriel36" napisal w wiadomosci
...
On Oct 31, 10:20 am, "Szczepan Bialek" wrote:

The radio frequences are easy to measure.
Are there the diurinal and annual effects?

S*


The both of you are childish but are no better or worse than the rest.


It would take 3 satellites referenced off each other and each of those

to a planetary trait to work out the change in the orbital speed of
the Earth from day to day,

I am not asking about changes in the orbital speed or the rotational speed.
I am asking who was right: Arago or Vogel.

For Brace (100 years ago) Arago and many others were right.

Now (200 years later) the specra methods are so accurate that they detect
the diurinal effect.
Does they detect the annual efect?


that hasn't been done and it cannot be done

until an astronomer arrives on the scene with a healthy respect for
planetary dynamics and less for stellar circumpolar motion.

Let me guess,none of you have the faintest idea how the referencing

works and even if I did explain how the equation of time works to
extract the daily rotational component from the variations in orbital
speed,you still wouldn't get it right as additional information is
required and adjustments made.

Continue on trying to impress yourselves,the great English innovator

John Harrison had you lot pegged centuries ago when engineering
innovation is required -

"Now, in the former part of this book, I have treated about matters

pertaining to the strictness of measuring time; and have shewn the
deficiencies of such means as Mr. Graham had taken or made use of for
that purpose; and I have also treated of the improper, troublesome,
erroneous - tedious method, which the professors at Cambridge and
Oxford would have to be for the longitude at sea:"
" But indeed, had I continued under the hands of the rude
commissioners, this completion, or great accomplishment, neither
would, nor could, ever have been obtained; but however, providence
otherwise ordered the matter, and I can now boldly say, that if the
provision for the heat and cold could properly be in the balance
itself, as it is in the pendulum, the watch [or my longitude
time-keeper] would then perform to a few seconds in a year, yea, to
such perfection now are imaginary impossibilities conquered; so the
priests at Cambridge and Oxford, &c. may cease their pursuit in the
longitude affair, and as otherwise then to occupy their time."
John Harrison

Dullards now as they were back then in Harrison's time,they are lost

in the timekeeping system and their celestial sphere carousel and
waste theirs and everyone else's time as Harrison rightly pointed out.

May be that the spectra method are still inacurrate. So what are the result
from the radio communications with spacecrafts?
S*




  #25  
Old November 1st 11, 07:16 PM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
Szczepan Bialek
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 51
Default Arago vs Vogel


"OG" napisal w wiadomosci
...
On 31/10/2011 09:20, Szczepan Bialek wrote:

The spectra methods are a little mystery. And what with the radioscopy:
"In 1931, a Bell Telephone engineer, Karl Jansky (1905-1950), was trying
to
find where the interference disrupting transatlantic radiophone circuits
came from. He discovered that some of the radio noise was not from the
Earth--it was extraterrestrial. The primary source was the center of the
Milky Way, in the constellation of Sagittarius. In 1936, an Illinois
radio
engineer, Grote Reber (b. 1911), pursued the phenomenon farther." From:
http://physics.gmu.edu/~jevans/astr1..._txt.htm#5.2.1.

The radio frequences are easy to measure.
Are there the diurinal and annual effests?


I'm sure there are, but to detect them you would need to have a radio
receiver with good spectral resolution and a sources with narrow frequency
spectral features.

A bit of googling (using the words astronomical radio doppler effect
diurnal) has brought up the user guide for the Miriad software package
used by the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ACTA).
http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/software/miriad/

The section related to Spectral Line Data Reduction makes it clear that
the diurnal effect needs to be taken into account for fine velocity
resolution observations
http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/s...e/node134.html


The diurinal effect is confirmed by everybody.

Using words astronomical radio annual doppler effect we have:

"It is also possible to infer the position in the sky of a
spacecraft from the Doppler data. This is accomplished by

examining the diurnal variation imparted to the Doppler shift

by the Earth's rotation. As the ground station rotates underneath

a spacecraft, the Doppler shift is modulated by a sinusoid.

The sinusoid's amplitude depends on the declination

angle of the spacecraft and its phase depends upon the right

ascension. These angles can therefore be estimated from a

record of the Doppler shift that is ~at least! of several days

duration. This allows for a determination of the distance to

the spacecraft through the dynamics of spacecraft motion

using standard orbit theory contained in the orbit determination

programs."

On the page 37 is wrote: "At early times the

annual term is largest. During Interval II, the interval of the

large spin-rate change anomaly, coherent oscillation is lost.

During Interval III the oscillation is smaller and begins to die

out."

Who was right: Arago or Vogel?

S*


  #26  
Old November 1st 11, 07:18 PM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
Szczepan Bialek
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 51
Default Arago vs Vogel


"Szczepan Bialek" napisał w wiadomo¶ci
...


Using words astronomical radio annual doppler effect we have:


The link:
http://chaos.swarthmore.edu/courses/...er_Anomaly.pdf

"It is also possible to infer the position in the sky of a
spacecraft from the Doppler data. This is accomplished by

examining the diurnal variation imparted to the Doppler shift

by the Earth's rotation. As the ground station rotates underneath

a spacecraft, the Doppler shift is modulated by a sinusoid.

The sinusoid's amplitude depends on the declination

angle of the spacecraft and its phase depends upon the right

ascension. These angles can therefore be estimated from a

record of the Doppler shift that is ~at least! of several days

duration. This allows for a determination of the distance to

the spacecraft through the dynamics of spacecraft motion

using standard orbit theory contained in the orbit determination

programs."

On the page 37 is wrote: "At early times the

annual term is largest. During Interval II, the interval of the

large spin-rate change anomaly, coherent oscillation is lost.

During Interval III the oscillation is smaller and begins to die

out."

Who was right: Arago or Vogel?

S*



  #27  
Old November 1st 11, 07:38 PM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
oriel36[_2_]
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 8,478
Default Arago vs Vogel

On Nov 1, 6:11*pm, "Szczepan Bialek" wrote:
*"oriel36" napisal w ...
On Oct 31, 10:20 am, "Szczepan Bialek" wrote:

The radio frequences are easy to measure.
Are there the diurinal and annual effects?

S*
The both of you are childish but are no better or worse than the rest.
It would take 3 satellites referenced off each other and each of those


to a planetary trait to work out the change in the *orbital speed of
the Earth from day to day,

I am not asking about changes in the orbital speed or the rotational speed.
I am asking who was right: Arago or Vogel.


You poor thing,you still believe that right ascension is a way to
gauge planetary dynamics or what amounts to the same thing - that
daily rotation/orbital motion and stellar circumpolar motion are
equivalent.

The polar coordinates turn in a 10366 mile annual circle about a
traveling axis that is separate to daily rotation,that is the location
where one satellite is fixed to a planetary trait,the rest is far too
sophisticated for you and your approach and you would continuously
miss the point,and 'missing the point' is an interjection I am seeing
more and more lately as more of a symptom than a inquisitive position
of readers.

In normal times the issue of how the orbital speed of the Earth varies
from day to day and especially right as this moment as empiricists
once recognized at allhallontide -

http://books.google.com/books?id=RyB...page&q&f=false

I could answer those men why natural noon cycles vary as a reflection
of two separate types of rotation to the Sun with the above value for
the polar coordinates representing that orbital behavior of the Earth
and right now is a significant orbital event as those men noticed in
the behavior of the tides.There is no excitement in teasing out a new
orbital component and a major one and that but such is this extremely
dull situation which shows no signs of abating,not even with all out
technological wonders.

What empiricists are prepared to believe today is either crude or
subhuman,it could be different but that is not my problem.










  #28  
Old November 1st 11, 08:36 PM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
OG
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 780
Default Arago vs Vogel

On 01/11/2011 18:16, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
napisal w wiadomosci
...
On 31/10/2011 09:20, Szczepan Bialek wrote:

The spectra methods are a little mystery. And what with the radioscopy:
"In 1931, a Bell Telephone engineer, Karl Jansky (1905-1950), was trying
to
find where the interference disrupting transatlantic radiophone circuits
came from. He discovered that some of the radio noise was not from the
Earth--it was extraterrestrial. The primary source was the center of the
Milky Way, in the constellation of Sagittarius. In 1936, an Illinois
radio
engineer, Grote Reber (b. 1911), pursued the phenomenon farther." From:
http://physics.gmu.edu/~jevans/astr1..._txt.htm#5.2.1.

The radio frequences are easy to measure.
Are there the diurinal and annual effests?


I'm sure there are, but to detect them you would need to have a radio
receiver with good spectral resolution and a sources with narrow frequency
spectral features.

A bit of googling (using the words astronomical radio doppler effect
diurnal) has brought up the user guide for the Miriad software package
used by the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ACTA).
http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/software/miriad/

The section related to Spectral Line Data Reduction makes it clear that
the diurnal effect needs to be taken into account for fine velocity
resolution observations
http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/s...e/node134.html


The diurinal effect is confirmed by everybody.

Using words astronomical radio annual doppler effect we have:

"It is also possible to infer the position in the sky of a
spacecraft from the Doppler data. This is accomplished by

examining the diurnal variation imparted to the Doppler shift

by the Earth's rotation. As the ground station rotates underneath

a spacecraft, the Doppler shift is modulated by a sinusoid.

The sinusoid's amplitude depends on the declination

angle of the spacecraft and its phase depends upon the right

ascension. These angles can therefore be estimated from a

record of the Doppler shift that is ~at least! of several days

duration. This allows for a determination of the distance to

the spacecraft through the dynamics of spacecraft motion

using standard orbit theory contained in the orbit determination

programs."

On the page 37 is wrote: "At early times the

annual term is largest. During Interval II, the interval of the

large spin-rate change anomaly, coherent oscillation is lost.

During Interval III the oscillation is smaller and begins to die

out."

Who was right: Arago or Vogel?


Once again - they were both right.

Arago attempted to measure a predicted* diurnal variation in the SPEED
of incoming light by measuring a difference in the angle of refraction
for white light. Arago did not measure any difference. He was right.

Vogel measured a diurnal variation in the frequency/wavelength of
spectral features as a result of the movement of the Earth. He was right.

Arago was NOT looking at anything specifically related to spectral
features.




* I assume the prediction was based on a classical analysis of Snell's
law in which the ratio of light speeds in the air and in the block is
the same as the ratio of the (sine of) the angles.
The hypothesis (I assume) was that incoming light would have greater
speed when the Earth's movement had his laboratory approaching the
source; this would increase the 'effective refractive index', thus
increasing the angle of refraction. 12 hours later, when there is a
relative movement away from the source, the angle of refraction would be
reduced.

  #29  
Old November 1st 11, 08:50 PM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
oriel36[_2_]
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 8,478
Default Arago vs Vogel

On Nov 1, 7:18*pm, "Szczepan Bialek" wrote:
*"Szczepan Bialek" napisał w rada.pl...



Using words astronomical radio annual doppler effect we have:


The link:http://chaos.swarthmore.edu/courses/...er_Anomaly.pdf









"It is also possible to infer the position in the sky of a
spacecraft from the Doppler data. This is accomplished by


examining the diurnal variation imparted to the Doppler shift


by the Earth's rotation. As the ground station rotates underneath


a spacecraft, the Doppler shift is modulated by a sinusoid.


The sinusoid's amplitude depends on the declination


angle of the spacecraft and its phase depends upon the right


ascension. These angles can therefore be estimated from a


record of the Doppler shift that is ~at least! of several days


duration. This allows for a determination of the distance to


the spacecraft through the dynamics of spacecraft motion


using standard orbit theory contained in the orbit determination


programs."


On the page 37 is wrote: "At early times the


annual term is largest. During Interval II, the interval of the


large spin-rate change anomaly, coherent oscillation is lost.


During Interval III the oscillation is smaller and begins to die


out."


Who was right: Arago or Vogel?


S*


I actually don't mind working through these things,despite my poor
descriptive skills I have this God given talent for the type of
spacial awareness and physical considerations that comes with being an
astronomer.

Kepler's flawed insight between orbital periods and distance from the
Sun is not an accurate description of orbital geometries but rather an
equalization of orbital geometries,he even states it himself in a
matter of fact way -

"The proportion existing between the periodic times of any two planets
is exactly the sesquiplicate proportion of the mean distances of the
orbits, or as generally given,the squares of the periodic times are
proportional to the cubes of the mean distances." Kepler

"But it is absolutely certain and exact that the ratio which exists
between the periodic times of any two planets is precisely the ratio
of the 3/2th power of the mean distances, i.e., of the spheres
themselves; provided, however, that the arithmetic mean between both
diameters of the elliptic orbit be slightly less than the longer
diameter." Kepler

This is a long way from the ideology that planetary orbital
trajectories are explained by way of Kepler so that of you are looking
at any individual trajectory,such as that of a spacecraft,an
acceleration is going to happen anyway against a mean orbital speed
and you must understand that I really couldn't care less about this
apparent anomalous 'acceleration' when there is a major modification
to orbital geometries being held up by this irritating addiction to
right ascension ideologies.
  #30  
Old November 2nd 11, 09:37 AM posted to uk.sci.astronomy
Szczepan Bialek
external usenet poster
 
Posts: 51
Default Arago vs Vogel


Uzytkownik "OG" napisal w wiadomosci
...
On 01/11/2011 18:16, Szczepan Bialek wrote:

The diurinal effect is confirmed by everybody.

Using words astronomical radio annual doppler effect we have: The link:

http://chaos.swarthmore.edu/courses/...er_Anomaly.pdf


"It is also possible to infer the position in the sky of a
spacecraft from the Doppler data. This is accomplished by

examining the diurnal variation imparted to the Doppler shift

by the Earth's rotation. As the ground station rotates underneath

a spacecraft, the Doppler shift is modulated by a sinusoid.

The sinusoid's amplitude depends on the declination

angle of the spacecraft and its phase depends upon the right

ascension. These angles can therefore be estimated from a

record of the Doppler shift that is ~at least! of several days

duration. This allows for a determination of the distance to

the spacecraft through the dynamics of spacecraft motion

using standard orbit theory contained in the orbit determination

programs."

On the page 37 is wrote: "At early times the

annual term is largest. During Interval II, the interval of the

large spin-rate change anomaly, coherent oscillation is lost.

During Interval III the oscillation is smaller and begins to die

out."

Who was right: Arago or Vogel?


Once again - they were both right.

Arago attempted to measure a predicted* diurnal variation


It was the annual variation: "In 1818 Arago found that the refraction of a
prism for star light was the
same for light incident in the direction of the earth's orbital velocity vs.
as for that coming in the opposite direction"

in the SPEED of incoming light by measuring a difference in the angle of
refraction for white light. Arago did not measure any difference. He was
right.

Vogel measured a diurnal variation


It was also the annual variation.

in the frequency/wavelength of spectral features as a result of the
movement of the Earth. He was right.

Arago was NOT looking at anything specifically related to spectral
features.

But Brace in 1904 did.


* I assume the prediction was based on a classical analysis of Snell's law
in which the ratio of light speeds in the air and in the block is the same
as the ratio of the (sine of) the angles.


Yes.

The hypothesis (I assume) was that incoming light would have greater speed
when the Earth's movement had his laboratory approaching the source; this
would increase the 'effective refractive index', thus increasing the angle
of refraction. 12 hours later,


The both checked after 6 months.

when there is a relative movement away from the source, the angle of
refraction would be reduced.


Everywhere are the same result: Diurinal effects exsists, annual is null. "
During Interval III the oscillation is smaller and begins to die out."

Stars are at a little long distances than Pionier. And no the annual
oscillations.
Do you agree?
S*




 




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