inadequate Dust Cloud theory Chapt13 Dirac's new-radioactivities #103Atom Totality theory 5th ed.

Now I am at the end of this chapter. The major theme of this edition
of this textbook is organization and order, so that the reading of the
book flows. In prior
editions I was skipping and hopping all over the place and not until
this edition
have I focused on order. And so far I learned a huge thing about
gravity versus
EM in that the missing mass is not about gravity but about solid body
rotation which means that EM is the force to reckon with in the Cosmic
perspective.
We should see the Sun pulling on Earth not as a force of gravity, but
rather as a force that there lies a grapefruit sized positron-space
center in the sun and that this
positron-ball is attracting the mass of Earth, since the mass of Earth
is the EM opposite charge. So we have a whole new entire view of the
Cosmos and how it
works when we switch out from gravity to that of positron-space. The
next chapter
is Dirac's positron-space. But let me finish this chapter of Dirac's
new-radioactivities. And I learned in this edition, that Additive
Creation is not viable
compared to Multiplicative new-radioactivities. I have not proved
additive creation is
impossible, only that it is less to reckon with than multiplicative
creation.


Subject: Gamma-ray bursts; hypernova?

Such was the title of 7May NATURE. In an Atom Totality 
Â*theory, the
size 
Â*and quantity of a particle or its energy can be of the 
Â*size
of the 
entire observable universe itself, because the 
Â*observable
universe is 
Â*merely the 5f6, the space and mass of the last 6
Â*electrons of 231Pu. 
Â*Other theories of the universe are bewildered
by 
cosmic ray particles 
of 10^19 MeV or gamma-ray bursts of 10^53
erg.
Â* In an Atom Totality, a cosmic ray particle of 
Â*10^1000 MeV can show
up 
Â*or a gamma-ray burst of 10^1000 erg can appear.
TheseÂ*energeticÂ*particles are travellers from the nucleus of 231Pu.
If 
Â*one of the alphaÂ*particles of the Atom Totality itself appeared
in ourÂ*5f6, it couldÂ*have more energy than our entire observable
universeÂ*itself.
Â* The appearance of these energetic particles is
nothing to
beÂ*frightened of. Sure a particle from the nucleus of 
Â*231Pu could
snuff out the entire observable universe, but none will. 
Â*These
appearances of lesser energies are common daily events and is the
means for which our universe was created and is growing. The Plutonium
Atom Totality will someday in 
the far futureÂ*grow into the next Atom
Totality of Element 96, but in 
Â*the meantime, 
Â*these energetic
particle appearances are growth to our 
Â*universe. It isÂ*what Dirac
was referring to in his classic book 
Â*DIRECTIONS IN PHYSICS 
Â*and
which I call RSNM for radioactive spontaneousÂ*neutron/alpha 
Â*particle/
proton/beta particle materialization (RSNM).
Â* To fake theories of physics such as Big-Bang and
Â*Steady-State and
Nebular Dust Cloud, these 
Â*energetic particles are conundrums and
puzzles.
--- quoting in parts NATURE, 7MAY98, p 13 ---
Â* The burst, the burster and its lair
An analysis of the light from a gamma-ray burst shows 
Â*that it
occurred 
Â*in a very distant galaxy. This confirms that bursts 
Â*are
by far the most 
Â*powerful bombs in nature's arsenal, and only the
most 
copious known 
Â*energy source can explain them.
Â*In 1969, two satellites were launched to watch for 
Â*covert nuclear
Â*weapons tests. Instead, they detected occasional 
Â*flashes of gamma-
rays, 
Â*coming from apparently random directions in space. 
Â*Since
then, the 
Â*origin of these gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been 
Â*among
the greatest 
Â*problems in astrophysics. 
Â*... 
Â*Â* But gamma-ray-burst
research has been revolutionized 
Â*since the first 
Â*discovery of an
optical afterglow, last year. The 
Â*BeppoSAX satellite, 
Â*....the
optical spectrum of GRB970228 had a redshift 
Â*of at least 0.835
Â*... 
Â*Â* But a burst seen on 14 December 1997 has told us 
Â*even more.
Three 
Â*papers in this issue describe how GRB971214 occurred 
Â*at an
enormous 
Â*redshift of 3.42 
Â*.... 
Â*...who calculate from the high
redshift that the burst 
Â*emitted 3 x 
Â*10^53 erg in gamma-rays alone.
This is around 20% of 
Â*the rest-mass 
Â*energy of the Sun, or 50 times
as much as the Sun will 
Â*radiate in its 
Â*lifetime.
--- end quoting in parts NATURE, 7MAY98, p 13 ---


Â*The high energy cosmic rays (protons) some of 10^20 
Â*MeV have been
Â*observed. Cosmic gamma ray bursts are uniformÂ*throughout the cosmos.
Â*Both cosmic rays and cosmic gamma rays are uniform.

What is the largest energy proton (cosmic ray) 
Â*particle ever
recorded? 
Â*The reason I ask is because record breaking newer 
higher
energetic 
protons are discovered every year and the previousÂ*record
is broken. 
Â*Has the most energetic proton been observed at 10^20
Â*MeV?
Â*RSNM is short for Radioactive Spontaneous 
Â*Neutron/Proton/Alpha-
particle/Beta-particle/photon/neutrino 
Â*Materialization.
Â*RSNM is the means by which the universe grows, in 
Â*matter and
energy. 
Â*Our galaxy and solar system grew from RSNM and cosmic 
Â*rays
are the most 
Â*dramatic examples of RSNM.
Â* So where does RSNM come from? Easy answer: RSNM 
Â*(cosmic ray
protons) 
come from the nucleus of 231Pu Atom Totality. Our space and
the 
Â*matter we observe as 
Â*galaxies is but the last six electrons of
231Pu. These 
Â*last six 
electrons are called the 5f6. So when the
nucleus of 
Â*231Pu emits a 
Â*particle it can settle in the 5f6 and it
can have 
Â*almost infinite 
Â*amount of energy. Keep in mind that our
observable 
Â*universe is but six 
Â*electrons and a proton emitted from
the nucleus of the 
Â*231Pu Atom 
Â*Totality can have more energy than
the entire energy 
Â*of the 94th 
Â*electron of 5f6..
Â* Dirac's new radioactivity as he outlines in his book Â*is RSNM and it
Â*is at work daily in the observable universe. Cosmic 
Â*ray protons is
Â*this new radioactivity and it seems to be uniform 
Â*throughout the
Â*observable universe.
Â* Whether the observable universe is additive-up or 
Â*multiplying-up,
a 
Â*question that Dirac proposed in his book. I suspect 
the answer is
multiplying-up because matter seems to 
be concentrated in spots with
voids in between, which would 
suggest multiplying-up.
So, the Nucleus of the Atom Totality is computing whereever 
Â*and
whenever an atom of say technetium or promethium 
Â*or uranium is to
occur and where it is to take place. Whether 
Â*those atoms or any
other chemical element is formed from 
star nucleosynthesis or through
supernova or through a 
Â*cosmic ray burst, or through an advanced
lifeform.
A major problem of the Big Bang and Nebular Dust Cloud theoriesÂ*is
that they cannot provide enough dust clouds to make all those 
Â*stars
in the brief amount of time of the Big Bang of 13 to 14 
Â*billions of
years, nor provide enough supernovas to uniformily 
Â*distribute the
Â*elements within that 13 to 14 billion years for supernova are rare
Â*events 
Â*but the uniformity of the elements is remarkably uniform.


Subject: Dirac's new-radioactivities; Atom Totality theory

There is another way to evaluate whether our Solar System was created
Â*from Dirac Radioactivity 
Â*or whether the Nebular Dust Cloud theory
is true.
What we do here is evaluate how much cosmic rays and cosmic gamma
rays 
Â*penetrate Earth 
Â*over a day time period. How much energy and
mass is imparted upon 
Â*Earth in a 24 hour period 
Â*from that of
cosmic rays and cosmic gamma rays? And then multiply 
that 
Â*by 5
billion years 
Â*and then multiply it by 10 billion years. Can we
create the planet 
Â*Earth from simply the accrual 
Â*of cosmic rays and
gamma rays.
There is a hitch in this calculation in that Jupiter receives much
Â*more cosmic rays per day than 
Â*does Earth so the rate of accrual is
variable and not constant. And 
Â*the rate of accrual depends 
Â*on the
magnetic field of the astro body.
So the present Earth mass is 6 x 10^27 grams and there are approx 2.5
Â*x 10^15 minutes in 
Â*5 billion years. So what I need is a rate of
cosmic ray and cosmic 
Â*gamma rays of about 
Â*2.5 x 10^12 grams per
minute. Does Earth or the Sun or Jupiter 
receive 
Â*about that much
Â*mass per minute from cosmic rays and cosmic gamma rays? 
Â*I am going
to have to look up that information but I think it is too 
Â*high.
Gladly I was mistaken. Looking through this website:
http://www.int.washington.edu/PHYS55...hapter8_04.pdf
They give a figure for Cosmic Ray Intensity at 1/cm^2 sec ,or, 1 ev/
Â*cm^3 
Â*They say that most Cosmic Rays, or 90%, are protons and about
9% are 
Â*helium nuclei. I saw no Intensity figure for Cosmic Gamma Ray
Bursts 
Â*on that website.
But I think I can get 2.5 x 10^12 grams per minute from the figure 1/
Â*cm^2 sec and then some.
So what we see here, is how to create and build Earth from purely
just 
the 
Â*Cosmic Rays and Cosmic Gamma Rays that impact Earth every
minute of 
Â*every day and year. So we never needed a Nebular Dust
Cloud to 
create 
Â*our Solar System when it can be created purely from
the Cosmic rays 
Â*impacting on the astro bodies of our Solar System.
Sadly we were taught in school that Earth and the Sun and planets got
Â*their heavy elements in 
Â*the Nebular Dust Cloud formed from some
ancient supernova. So that 
the 
Â*gold or platinum 
Â*or uranium that
we find on Earth originated in some supernova 
Â*explosion.
So if our Earth and Solar System was not created from a Nebular Dust
Â*Cloud, how did we 
Â*end up with gold and platinum and uranium found
on Earth? Well the 
Â*Dirac Radioactivity in 
Â*the form of Cosmic Rays
and Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts easily produces 
Â*the heavier elements.
Â*Some Gamma Ray bursts are so energetic that they can create a whole
Â*entire rock or insect. 
Â*Some Gamma Ray bursts have been measured to
have 10^17 MeV (if 
memory 
Â*is correct) 
Â*and some years back a Gamma
Ray was seen that could incinerate our 
Â*Solar System if it 
Â*had
bursted near our Solar System. So we are talking about huge 
Â*amounts
of energy.
And so a high energy gamma ray burst on Earth could easily transmute
a 
Â*hydrogen or helium 
Â*or oxygen atom into a uranium atom.
So we never needed a Nebular Dust Cloud theory to create our Solar
Â*System when all we 
Â*needed was an accounting of the Cosmic Rays and
Cosmic Gamma Rays.
Now if anyone still believes that the Nebular Dust Cloud theory
formed 
Â*and created and built 
Â*our Solar System, well, obviously
they would have to explain why 
Earth 
Â*is not twice as large 
Â*and
twice as massive as it currently is, because if you believe the
Â*Nebular Dust Cloud, you are 
Â*going to have to explain where all that
mass from Cosmic Rays and 
Â*Gamma Rays went in those 
Â*past 5 billion
years. Are you going to say that the Cosmic Rays and 
Â*Gamma Rays
were 
Â*nonexistant for the past 5 billion years and only recently did
they 
Â*begin to strike Earth.
Because at the rate of impact of Cosmic Rays today, gives a Earth of
Â*the same size and mass 
Â*it currently possess.
Also, the building of heavier elements via Gamma Ray Bursts makes
Â*sense in the fact that the 
Â*surface of Earth is in large supply of
heavier elements. Whereas if 
Â*the Nebular Dust Cloud theory 
Â*were
true that the surface of Earth would have been depleted via 
Â*erosion
over billions of years so that 
Â*the surface would have few heavy
elements around.
So what I need to create and then build Earth over 5 billion years is
Â*a flow rate 
Â*of Cosmic Rays plus Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts of about
2.5 x 10^12 
grams 
Â*per 
Â*minute which is the same as 2.5 billion
kilograms per minute.
The Amazon River has a flow rate of 12 billion liters per minute, and
Â*keeping in mind 
Â*that a liter of water is a kilogram of water. So we
can have a 
mental 
Â*comparison of 
Â*what we need to replace the
Nebular Dust Cloud theory.
So is the flow rate of Cosmic Rays plus Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts about
Â*on the 
Â*average of 2.5 billion kilograms per minute, roughly 1/6 of
the flow 
Â*rate of the Amazon 
Â*River?
I would think so, because every lightning bolt that strikes Earth is
Â*accompanied or created 
Â*from a "Cosmic Ray leader strike". So Cosmic
Rays are very abundant. 
Â*And the Amazon 
Â*River is tiny compared to
all of the surface of Earth. So if you 
want 
Â*to spread the mouth of
the 
Â*Amazon River over all the surface of Earth then it is rather
easy to 
Â*see that Cosmic Rays 
Â*plus Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts could
easily provide the mass of Earth 
Â*over 5 billion years.

Subject: Dirac new radioactivities would also prove this 
theory; 
Â*
Â*Atom Totality (Atom Universe) theory

Â*Science is a conservative enterprise, as it well 
Â*should be, because
if it were not conservative, it would be 
unstable. 
Â*So the
mainstream 
Â*view of Physics with its current Big Bang theory should
Â*require a lot of evidence of the Atom Totality before it 
Â*trashes
the Big Bang. Evidence and proof of Dirac's new-radioactivities not
only trashcans the Big Bang theory but trashcans the Nebular Dust
Cloud theory.

Archimedes Plutonium
http://www.iw.net/~a_plutonium
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies