New Physics Based on Yoon's Universal Atomic Model

The energy emission taking place when orbital electron rings expand, can b=
e observed in the case when chemical explosives such as TNT (trinitrotoluen=
) explodes. The outermost orbital electron rings of their component atoms c=
ontributing to combine them, expand only a little bit in this case of explo=
sion, due to dissociation of TNT to form various kinds of gas molecules, su=
ch as H2O, CO2, and NO2 etc.

It is well known that the explosion of only about 7 kgs of uranium 235 pro=
duces such an enormous energy equivalent to that emitted by explosion of TN=
T 20,000 metric tons. The mass ratio of these two explosive materials is a=
bout, 1 : 2.86x10^6. If the orbital electron rings in K shell of uranium at=
om with radial parameter, say, =CE=B3=3D1/100, expands to be the orbital el=
ectron rings in K shell of newly created atoms that has radial parameter, s=
ay, =CE=B3=3D1/99.28, then the ratio of energy capacity of these two orbita=
l electron rings becomes the same as the mass ratio, 2.86x10^6 , as shown a=
bove when we estimate it with Eq.=E2=96=B3E=3DE'(1/r^4, previously posted. =
The difference of radial parameter between these two electron rings is neg=
ligibly small, or =CE=94=CE=B3=3D1/99.28-1/100=3D1/13,789, but the ratio of=
their energy capacity is enormous, as shown above. However, this energy em=
ission comes only from the expansion of orbital electron rings in K shell o=
f uranium 235. Other orbital electron rings in L, M, N,. . . .shells of ura=
nium 235 would also have to expand their orbital radii emitting huge energi=
es also as in the case of electron rings of K shell. Thus the explosion of =
only 7 kg of uranium 235 gives rise to producing such a tremendous energy.

The fundamental mechanism of emitting energy from nuclear fusion of deuter=
ons is exactly the same as that of nuclear fission of uranium 235. It is al=
so the expanding energy of electron rings. In the case of nuclear fission a=
tomic electron rings expand, while in the case of nuclear fusion nuclear e=
lectron rings associated in the structure of two deuterons expand, emitting=
nuclear energy. When nuclear electron rings of two deterons combine to bui=
ld a unified nuclear electron ring with pair electrons, they have to expand=
their orbital radii emitting energy, in order to bind four protons to buil=
d two neutrons and two protons in a helium nucleus. This is the nuclear fus=
ion energy. It is the same as that when two hydrogen atoms combine to form =
a hydrogen molecule having molecular electron rings carrying pair electrons=
, with their two single atomic electron rings, emitting energy.
A single nuclear electron ring that binds two protons in constructing a ne=
uteron, can emit =CE=B3-rays at the nearest distance to its two nuclear pro=
tons when it breaks. Since this single nuclear electron ring can emit =CE=
=B3-rays with wavelength 0.005 =E2=84=AB, its radial parameter must be, =CE=
=B3=3D1/430, when we estimate it with the same equation, =E2=96=B3E=3DE'(1/=
r^4) I posted above. If these single nuclear electron rings expand their or=
bital radii and emit energy equivalent to that energy given by explosion of=
7 kgs of uranium 235, their radial parameter has to expand from =CE=B3=3D1=
/430 to =CE=B3=3D1/429.991. The distinction between them is, =E2=96=B3=CE=
=B3=3D1/429.991-1/430=3D1/20,544,014. It is an awfully small expansion comp=
ared to that in the case of nuclear fission. However the energy emission in=
the process of nuclear fusion is the same as that in the case of nuclear f=
ission. The ratio of atomic volume of deuterium and helium is, D : He =3D 1=
4=2E1 : 31.8. The larger atomic volume of helium than deuterium is attribut=
ed to the reason that the helium nucleus is stabilized in the lowest energy=
level than deuteron. Nuclear fusion energy includes also the energy of orb=
ital electron rings of deuterium when they expand their orbital radii to be=
those of helium. newedana