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My form of the Drake Equation:
N=ns*np*nl*nmc*ncmc*nil*nt Whe N = number of civilizations EVER in the galaxy n = fraction of stars including brown dwarfs np = fraction of stars having planets nl = fraction having even single celled life nmc = fraction having multi-cellular life ncmc = fraction having complex multi-cellular life nil = fraction having intelligent life nt = fraction having technology Plug in some numbers. I use 4 E 11 for the number of stars. .5 for the number having planets, .5 for the number having single cellular life, .03 for the number having multi-cellular life, .3 for the fraction having complex multi-cellular life, .3 for the fraction having intelligent life, and .1 for the fraction developing technology. This gives only 2.7E7 civilizations EVER in the galaxy. Now, I make an assumption that seems reasonable to me. That after 100,000 yrs, a civilizations technology will be so advanced that it will “disappear” from view. That is, it will either destroy itself (unlikely) or will encode itself into the information contained in the universe so it has no conventional physical form. You may not agree with this but it makes sense to me given the rate of technical advances. I assume that the universe is about 15 billion years old and that life could not begin to exist until about 5 billion years later when there was sufficient “metal” in the universe from fast burning stars. So, since 10 billion years ago, there have been only 100,000 civilization lifetimes. Divide the number of civilizations EVER in the galaxy by this number of lifetimes and you get an estimate of the number of visible civilizations in the galaxy NOW. I get ………only, 270. 270 is a small number in a big galaxy. Now, the Milky Way galaxy is 100,000 light years (LY) radius and 2000 LY thick giving a volume of 1.26E14 cubic LY or CLY. Assume our civilizations are spread equally throughout giving each one 4.65 E11 CLY. What is the distance to the edge of such a cube with this volume, this distance being the distance to the “boundary” of the next civilization? Simple, take the cube root of this number and divide by 2 giving 3870 LY. This means we can expect that the closest civilization to be no closer than 3870 LY although since we assumed the civilizations are located at the center of these cubes it is actually double this distance or 7740 LY. I assume that any ET visiting earth can not move faster than c. If they can move faster than c then the universe gets enormously bigger because they are no longer constrained by moving just one direction in time so they could just as easily visit all of the 27 million civilizations that have ever existed before us and all of those that will exist after us and soon one civilization will look like another. Really, how many data points do you need? So, our ETs move below c. Say, 10,000 years ago, using gravitational lensing from a star, our ETs looked at earth and saw the beginnings of civilization. Well, it took the light from those mud huts 7740 years to reach them before they hopped in their spaceships moving at .999c meaning their spaceships will be here in 2260 years. Now, you can change any of my numbers a lot, say increase the age of a civilization by a factor of 10 to be a million years and the ultimate result does not change much, it is still a very long way (over 1000 LY) to the nearest civilization. You would have to change two or more of my numbers by a large amount to get much of a change and I think this is unlikely. Consequently, I do not believe in flying saucers. |
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