The Big Bang is Dead - Arp Deserves the Noble Prize

Halton Arp is to the 21st century what Galileo was to the 17th. Both
were respected scientists, popular leaders in their field. Both made
observations which contradicted the accepted theories. Seventeenth
century academics felt threatened by Galileo's observations and so,
backed by ecclesiastical authority, they ordered him to stop looking.
Twentieth century astronomers felt threatened by Arp's observations and
so, backed by
institutional authority, they ordered him to stop looking.

Both refused. Both published works geared to the non-specialist when
specialists would no longer take note. Galileo's paper, "A Dialogue on
the Two Chief Systems of the World", favored a heliocentric model of the
solar system and undermined the accepted geocentric model. Arp's books,
"Quasars, Redshifts and Controversies" and "Seeing Red" favor a
steady-state model of the universe and undermine the accepted big bang
model.

..............


STATE OF THE UNIVERSE 2002


THE BIG BANG is dead.
It's a theory based on a theory based on an assumption made nearly 75
years ago, that THE ONLYCAUSE OF REDSHIFT IS RECESSIONAL VELOCITY. And
that assumption was wrong. Observations in 1911 of intrinsic redshift in
young stars crippled the recessional redshift of galaxies before it was
imagined. Halton Arp's identification of physical connections between
high-redshift quasars and low-redshift active galaxies in the late 60's
dealt the mortal blow. The discovery of quantization of redshifts signed
the death certificate.

Still the Big Bang rises, vampire-like, to haunt the night, sapping the
vitality and the integrity of astronomy. Photos are cropped between
active galaxies and their ejected quasars. Dark matter spawns dark energy.

Unquestioned superstitions and ritual mathematics adorn a conceptual
graveyard into which are interred billions of dollars of public funds.

An intrinsic interpretation of the redshift will imply a much different
universe. For example, in the middle of the constellation of Virgo, the
brightest galaxies, the brightest quasars and brightest clusters of
galaxies are connected by the strongest radio and x-ray fields in the
sky. The expanding universe assumption - that redshift equals velocity
equals distance - separates these objects by billions of light-years,
and assumes their side-by-side position is coincidental. But it's not
coincidence. These objects belong together. They make up an evolving
galactic family whose genealogy can be traced through four generations.

We'll never "see" this universe as long as we remain captive in the
coffin of the Big Bang viewpoint. The assumption that redshift can only
be caused by recessional velocity predetermines a distorted
understanding of the shape, age, size, and physical characteristics of
most of the extragalactic universe. A different - intrinsic -
interpretation of the redshift will imply a much different universe.
Even the meaning of the terms we use to describe that universe will have
to change.
Take, for example, the term, "galactic cluster." That term is currently
defined by the yardstick of Big Bang expansion: at least 30 galaxies (in
addition to the brightest two) within a range of 2 magnitudes and
approximately the same redshift. According to this definition, there are
4,073 clusters (listed in the revised northern and southern Abell
Catalogue.)

Now let's look at a galactic cluster in the non-Big Bang universe.
Let's assume (as Halton Arp's observations seem to suggest) that a
galactic cluster is a family of galaxies and quasars and gaseous clouds
of varying redshifts. At the center, we find a dominant galaxy - it's
usually the largest galaxy, and the galaxy with the lowest redshift of
the cluster.
This dominant galaxy is surrounded by low-to-medium redshift galaxies,
and toward the edges of the cluster we find the highest redshift
galaxies, HII regions, BL Lac objects and quasars.

Mo
http://www.dragonscience.com/red/arpteaser.html
http://users.aol.com/arpgalaxy/story/
http://cic.cstb.fr/amsee/projects/arp/arp.htm
http://www.astr.ua.edu/keel/agn/ngc1275hst.html

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